Étude comparative de l'imagerie dans l'évaluation de l'ostéoarthrose du grasset chez le cheval

Les objectifs de cette étude étaient (1) de décrire la localisation et la sévérité des lésions d’ostéoarthrose (OA) chroniques acquises naturellement au niveau du grasset équin grâce à l’échographie (US), la radiographie (XR), la tomodensitométrie (CT) et l’évaluation macroscopique (ME), (2) de comparer la performance diagnostique de chacune des modalities d’imagerie avec ME et (3) d’évaluer quantitativement la densité osseuse sous-chondrale lors d’OA du grasset chez le cheval à la tomodensitométrie. Des évaluations post mortem radiographique, tomodensitométrique et échographique ont été réalisées sur 23 grassets cadavériques et comparées à l’évaluation macroscopique. Des associations significatives ont été notées entre le «osteophytes global score» de toutes les modalités (US, p=0.04; XR, p=0.005; CT, p˂0.0001) et ME. De plus, la tomodensitométrie a démontré la plus forte association. Les ostéophytes étaient principalement localisés au niveau de l’articulation fémorotibiale médiale et cette articulation présentait également les scores d’ostéophytes les plus sévères. Un patron spécifique d’ostéophytes associé à l’insertion de la capsule articulaire sur le condyle fémoral médial a été mis en évidence. La nouvelle projection radiographique (Ca10Pr5L-CrDiMO) a été utile dans la détection des ostéophytes de la région intercondylaire. Les grades d’ostéophytes (0-3) ne différaient pas significativement selon la modalité dans la majorité des sites. La faible sensibilité/spécificité a indiqué que la sclérose de l’os sous-chondral et l’applatissement des condyles fémoraux ne semblent pas être des indicateurs fiables d’OA du grasset équin. L’OA du grasset équin est associée à une réduction de la densité osseuse sous-chondrale et des sites spécifiques de résorption/kystes sous-chondraux ont été notés chez certains spécimens.

Population Biology And Ecology Of Artemia From Salinas Of South East Coast Of India

This thesis deals with the population characteristics of Artemia and the effect of different environmental parameters on the different stages of Artemia in a salina at Tuticorin, south east coast of India. The present investigation was carried out from 1985 to I987. The study was initiated by undertaking a survey to find out suitable Artemia habitats along the south east coast of India and a perennial salina with an area of 0.25 ha was selected at Karapad (Tuticorin). Weekly samplings were made for two full calender years (1986-87) to collect the different stages of Artemia population as well as the different environmental parameters. The thesis comprises of the following sections: Introduction, materials and methods, systematics, biology and distribution of Artemia, results and discussion, summary and bibliography. The section on results and discussion gives the characteristics of Artemia population in the salina, the seasonal variations of different environmental parameters in the salina and their effects on different stages of Artemia population. Description of an experiment conducted to show the sudden changes of salinity on different stages of Artemia is also given as a separate section.

Tamizaje neonatal para fibrosis quística en una muestra de la ciudad de Bogotá

La Fibrosis Quística es la enfermedad autosómica recesiva mas frecuente en caucásicos. En Colombia no se conoce la incidencia de la enfermedad, pero investigaciones del grupo de la Universidad del Rosario indican que podría ser relativamente alta. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de afectados por Fibrosis Quística en una muestra de recién nacidos de la ciudad de Bogotá. Metodología: Se analizan 8.297 muestras de sangre de cordón umbilical y se comparan tres protocolos de tamizaje neonatal: TIR/TIR, TIR/DNA y TIR/DNA/TIR. Resultados: El presente trabajo muestra una incidencia de 1 en 8.297 afectados en la muestra analizada. Conclusiones: Dada la relativamente alta incidencia demostrada en Bogotá, se justifica la implementación de Tamizaje Neonatal para Fibrosis Quística en Colombia.

Prevalencia de insuficiencia renal crónica en niños con displasia renal multiquística, Fundación Cardioinfantil de Bogotá

Introducción: La displasia renal multiquistica es una variante de displasia renal, anomalía congénita frecuente del tracto urinario, con una prevalencia del 2.9 - 50 % de insuficiencia renal crónica; frecuentemente asociada a otras malformaciones urinarias, sin datos en bogotá sobre prevalencia y comportamiento clínico. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de insuficiencia renal crónica en niños con displasia renal multiquistica valorados en consulta de nefrología en Fundación Cardioinfantil, instituto de cardiología de Bogotá. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal, en niños con displasia renal multiquistica, confirmado por ecografía, valorados en consulta de Nefrología Pediátrica en los últimos diez años. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables, cálculos de prevalencia de Insuficiencia renal crónica. Resultados: Se revisó información de 70 pacientes, encontrando una prevalencia de IRC de 22.85% (IC 95 % 13.0 %-35.1 %); mayor frecuencia mujeres 12.85 %; 14.28% con otras malformaciones renales; 5.71 % en involución parcial, 4.28% en pacientes con involución completa del tamaño del riñón displásico. Se encontró 31.4% proteinuria; 22.8 % hiperfiltración; 4.28% hipertrofia compensadora del riñón sano; 24.2% involución parcial, 31.4 % involución completa del tamaño renal; frecuencia de HTA de 7,1% (IC95% 1%-9%). El 87.14% tuvo diagnóstico prenatal (IC 95% 81.0%-96.0%). Discusión: La prevalencia se encuentra dentro de los rangos de la literatura mundial, mayor a la colombiana y suramericana, predominando en pacientes con otras malformaciones renales asociadas, con mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial, que requiere estudios multicéntricos para determinar causalidad o presencia de otros factores.

Grados altos en la Escala de Fisher predicen el desarrollo de hidrocefalia en pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea espontanea

Objetive. To determine if high grades of Fisher scale are useful to predict the development of hydrocephalus in consecutive Colombian patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) assessed from January 2005 to April 2012 with 12 month follow-up. Methods. 251 patients were included in a restrospective manner. The association between Fisher scale and hydrocephalus was analyzed bivariate and multivariate analysis. In addition, a systematic literature review (SLR) was done. Results. In our cohort of patients, the etiology of SAH was due to aneurysms; 78,5%. The prevalence of hydrocephalus was found to be of 27,1%. Overall survival with a 12 month follow-up was of 65,7%. Average age of included patients was 55,5 ± 15 years, and most of them were women; 65,7%. Having Fisher 4 and Hunt-Hess III are significantly associated with hydrocephalus: adjusted OR: 2.93 95% CI: 1.51-5.65, P <0.001, adjusted OR: 2.83 95% CI: 1.31-6.17 P=0.008 respectively. The SRL showed an overall prevalence of hydrocephalus between 17 and 68% and mortality varied between 3.0% and 33%. 50% of the included studies significantly associated intraventricular hemorrhage ( Fisher 4) with hydrocephalus. Conclusion. Our results confirm current concepts on post-SAH hydrocephalus and the fact that is obstructive and secondary to Fisher 4 and having neurological impairment on admission (Hunt and Hess III).

Escala de Fisher como factor predictor de hidrocefalia en hemorragia subaracnoidea espontanea

Objetivo. Determinar si la cantidad de sangre y su localización es el espacio subaracnoideo, medible con la escala de Fisher en las primeras 24 horas de ocurrido el ictus hemorrágico, es un factor predictor para el desarrollo de hidrocefalia en pacientes con diagnóstico de hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) espontánea, vistos en el Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael (HUCSR) con seguimiento de 12 meses. Métodos. 251 pacientes fueron incluidos en una cohorte retrospectiva. La asociación entre la escala de Fisher y el desarrollo de hidrocefalia en pacientes con HSA espontánea fue analizada a través de un análisis bivariado y multivariado. Resultados. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 55,5 ± 15 años; con predominancia en el sexo femenino 65,7%. La prevalencia de hidrocefalia fue de 27,1% en la cohorte y la etiología de la HSA fue en su mayoría por ruptura de aneurismas de arterias cerebrales; 78,5%. La sobrevida a 12 meses fue de 65,7%. Tanto el grado 4 en la escala de Fisher como Hunt-Hess III se asocian con el desarrollo de hidrocefalia: ORA; 2.93 IC 95%: 1.51-5.65, P <0.001, ORA 2.83 IC 95%: 1.31-6.17 P=0.008 respectivamente. Conclusión. La presencia de sangrado Intraventricular o intraparenquimatoso ( Fisher 4) en las primeras 24 horas, asociado a un deterioro neurológico al ingreso Hunt-Hess III están asociados con el desarrollo de hidrocefalia en los 251 pacientes evaluados con diagnóstico de HSA espontánea; hallazgos consistentes con lo reportado en la literatura mundial.

Supervivencia cáncer específica posterior a nefrectomía radical frente a nefrectomía parcial en carcinoma renal t2: revisión sistemática

Introducción: El tratamiento estándar para los tumores renales localizados es la nefrectomía radical, sin embargo debido a la variación el tamaño del tumor renal en el momento del diagnóstico, se ha reemplazado en algunos casos por la nefrectomía parcial. Objetivo: Este estudio busca comparar el resultado oncológico de la nefrectomía parcial en términos de supervivencia cáncer específica, respecto a la nefrectomía radical, en pacientes mayores de 50 años con carcinoma renal estadio II (T2N0M0) Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, con inclusión de estudios de casos y controles, cohortes y experimentos clínicos aleatorizados incluidos en las bases de datos de MEDLINE , EMBASE y CENTRAL Resultados: La búsqueda inicial emitió un total de 101 resultados, 11 artículos fueron preseleccionados y sólo un artículo cumplió con los criterios de selección; éste se clasificó como nivel de evidencia II. Conclusión: No fue posible concluir su equivalencia oncológica de la nefrectomía radical con la nefrectomía parcial, dado que no hay diseños de estudios que permitan llegar a esta conclusión.

Tumores presacros. Reporte de serie de casos

Introducción: Los tumores presacros son un raro y diverso grupo de lesiones que se originan en el espacio presacro, infrecuente y de difícil diagnóstico. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir una serie de casos con respecto a las características clínicas, diagnóstico y manejo. Metodología: Recolección de pacientes quienes fueron diagnosticados con tumores presacros desde el año 1988 a 2013. Revisamos la clínica, tiempo de evolución, métodos diagnósticos, el abordaje quirúrgico, patología y complicaciones. Resultados: Nueve pacientes fueron incluidos en este trabajo. 7 de los 9 pacientes presentaron como síntoma principal el dolor. El tiempo de evolución medio fue de 9.8 meses. Diagnóstico fue realizado con tacto rectal en todos los pacientes y confirmado con tomografía axial pélvica 9 pacientes y resonancia magnética nuclear pélvica en 5 pacientes. La patología: teratoma quístico maduro (n = 3), cordoma (no: 1), quiste epidermoide (no=1), fibrohistiocitoma de bajo grado (no =1), fibromatosis (no =1), angiomixoma agresivo (no =1). El abordaje quirúrgico principal fue la vía posterior de (kraske) en 6 pacientes y en 2 por laparotomía. 1 paciente no se llevó a cirugía. La resección completa se obtuvo en un 87%. No se presentó complicaciones tempranas postoperatorias. Complicaciones tardías en 1 caso (12%) por obstrucción intestinal. Se presentó 1 caso de recurrencia por resección parcial tumoral. Conclusión: Los tumores presacros son una patología infrecuente a nivel mundial, siendo un reto para el cirujano su diagnóstico y manejo.

Avaliação da ocorrência de Giardia spp. por diferentes métodos coprológicos

O género Giardia inclui espécies com potencial zoonótico e com uma distribuição mundial, e em que alguns genótipos de Giardia duodenalis são responsáveis anualmente por milhares de novos casos em humanos. Existem vários ciclos de transmissão, sendo a água de consumo, por contaminação fecal de origem animal, uma das principais fontes de infecção humana. Neste estudo foram colhidas 162 amostras fecais de animais de quatro origens diferentes (Zoológico = 55; Produção = 25; Doméstico = 5; Canil = 77) que foram testadas por duas técnicas coprológicas diferentes, a técnica de flutuação com sacarose e a técnica de sedimentação com formol-acetato. Para a implementação de Nested PCR foram testados vários genes, β-giardina, Glutamato desidrogenase e 18SrRNA, ocorrendo apenas amplificação das amostras com o gene 18SrRNA. Com esta técnica foram analisadas 26 amostras, que incluía a treze positivas à microscopia e as restantes escolhidas aleatoriamente. Este trabalho permitiu determinar a ocorrência de Giardia spp. através das técnicas coprológicas em treze animais de diferentes origens e verificar que o número de animais de canil positivos não foi o esperadas de acordo com o descrito na literatura que refere ser este o grupo com maior prevalência. Este estudo também permitiu uma comparação entre os dois métodos de concentração de quistos de Giardia spp., com maior recuperação utilizando a técnica de flutuação com sacarose. Através da técnica molecular confirmaram-se dez dos positivos encontrados por microscopia e ainda se detectaram dois novos positivos.

Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of patients with adult polycystic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis

Aims:To analyze the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with adult polycystic kidney disease admitted to hemodialysis services in Northwestern Paraná state,Brazil. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and retrospective longitudinal study. Medical records of patients with polycystic kidneys who initiated hemodialysis between 1995 and 2012, in four centers that treat patients of the coverage area of the 15th Regional Health Region of Paraná state where analyzed. Results:We found that 10.3% of hemodialysis patients had polycystic kidney disease as a leading cause of stage 5 of chronic kidney disease. The mean age of patients was 54.9±9.4 years (ranging between 27 and 74 years), with equal gender distribution and Caucasian predominance (72.9%). The average age of dialysis initiation was 50±10.2 years. The most common comorbidity was systemic hypertension (66.7%). Liver cyst was the main extra-renal manifestation (10.4%). Twenty-five percent of the patients required renal transplantation, and (22.9%) undergone nephrectomy. The most widely used classes of antihypertensive drugs were β-blockers (41.7%) and drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system (31.3%), while 56.3% of patients were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. Conclusions:This is a pioneering epidemiological study in Northwestern Paraná state. We found in this population a sociodemographic and clinical profile of adult polycystic kidney disease similar to that of North America and Europe, probably because the ethnic constitution of the sample was predominantly of Euro-descendants.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in hemodialysis patients in southern Brazil

Introduction: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common hereditary renal disease in humans. Objective: To examine the prevalence, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with polycystic kidneys and relate disease manifestations by gender. Methods: This was an observational and retrospective study. All the medical records of patients with polycystic kidneys who initiated hemodialysis between 1995 and 2012, in four centers that treat patients of the coverage area of the 15th regional health Paraná (Brazil), were analyzed. Results: The study included 48 patients with polycystic kidneys, the primary cause of stage 5 CKD. Disease prevalence was one in 10,912 people. The average age of dialysis initiation was 50.7 years and the follow-up time on dialysis until transplantation (36.5 months) was lower among men. Hypertension was the most frequent diagnosis in 73% of patients, predominantly in women (51.4%). The liver cyst was the most frequent extrarenal manifestations in men (60.0%). The death occurred in 10.4% of patients using hemodialysis, and 60% of men. The class of antihypertensive drug used was that acts on the renin-angiotensin system with higher frequency of use among women (53.3%). The post-dialysis urea was significantly higher in men. Conclusion: The prevalence of the disease is low among hemodialysis patients in southern Brazil. The differences observed between genders, with the exception of the post-dialysis urea, were not significant. The findings are different from those reported in North America and Europe.

Influence of temperature on the motility of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and control of Globodera rostochiensis

The motility and efficacy of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans as a biocontrol agent against the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis were studied with respect to temperature. The influence of soil moisture on bacterial movement was also tested. In a closed container trial, P. oryzihabitans significantly reduced invasion of second stage juveniles (J2) of G. rostochiensis in potato roots, its effect being more marked at 25 and 21 degreesC than at 17 degreesC. P. oryzihabitans motility in vitro was optimal at 26 degreesC and inhibited at temperatures below 18 degreesC. In soil, both temperature and matric potential affected bacterial movement. At 16 degreesC its movement and survival were suppressed, but they were unaffected at 25 degreesC. At both temperatures the biocontrol agent moved faster in the wetter (- 0.03 MPa) than in the drier soil (- 0.1 MPa). These results suggest that temperature is a key factor in determining the potential of P. or.yzihabitans as a biocontrol agent. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influence of temperature on the motility of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and control of Globodera rostochiensis

The motility and efficacy of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans as a biocontrol agent against the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis were studied with respect to temperature. The influence of soil moisture on bacterial movement was also tested. In a closed container trial, P. oryzihabitans significantly reduced invasion of second stage juveniles (J2) of G. rostochiensis in potato roots, its effect being more marked at 25 and 21 degreesC than at 17 degreesC. P. oryzihabitans motility in vitro was optimal at 26 degreesC and inhibited at temperatures below 18 degreesC. In soil, both temperature and matric potential affected bacterial movement. At 16 degreesC its movement and survival were suppressed, but they were unaffected at 25 degreesC. At both temperatures the biocontrol agent moved faster in the wetter (- 0.03 MPa) than in the drier soil (- 0.1 MPa). These results suggest that temperature is a key factor in determining the potential of P. or.yzihabitans as a biocontrol agent. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

The biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia shows nematode host preference at the infraspecific level

A RAPD-PCR assay was developed and used to test For competitive variability in growth of the nematode biological control fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia. Saprophytic competence in soil with or without tomato plants was examined in three isolates of the fungus: RES 280 (J), originally isolated from potato cyst nematode (PCN) cysts; RES 200 (1) and RES 279 (S), both originally isolated from root knot nematode (RKN) eggs. Viable counts taken at 70 d indicated that I was the best saprophyte followed by S, with J the poorest. RAPD-PCR analysis of colonies from mixed treatments revealed that there was a cumulative effect of adding isolates to the system. This Suggested that the isolates did not interact and that they may occupy separate niches in soil and the rhizosphere. To investigate parasitic ability, soils were seeded with two isolates of the fungus: J and S, singly or in combination. Tomato or potato plants were grown in these soils; free of nematodes, or inoculated with PCN or RKN, and incubated for 77 d. The abundance of the PCN isolate J in PCN cysts was significantly greater than that of the RKN isolate S but in RKN egg masses, S was significantly more abundant than J. RAPD-PCR analysis of colonies from mixed treatments confirmed that J was more abundant than S ill PCN cysts whereas the converse was observed on RKN egg masses. This substantiates the phenomenon of nematode host preference at the infraspecific level of P. chlamydosporia and highlights its relevance for biological control of plant parasitic nematodes.

The biocontrol fungus pochonia chlamydosporia shows nematode host preference at the infraspecific level

A RAPD-PCR assay was developed and used to test For competitive variability in growth of the nematode biological control fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia. Saprophytic competence in soil with or without tomato plants was examined in three isolates of the fungus: RES 280 (J), originally isolated from potato cyst nematode (PCN) cysts; RES 200 (1) and RES 279 (S), both originally isolated from root knot nematode (RKN) eggs. Viable counts taken at 70 d indicated that I was the best saprophyte followed by S, with J the poorest. RAPD-PCR analysis of colonies from mixed treatments revealed that there was a cumulative effect of adding isolates to the system. This Suggested that the isolates did not interact and that they may occupy separate niches in soil and the rhizosphere. To investigate parasitic ability, soils were seeded with two isolates of the fungus: J and S, singly or in combination. Tomato or potato plants were grown in these soils; free of nematodes, or inoculated with PCN or RKN, and incubated for 77 d. The abundance of the PCN isolate J in PCN cysts was significantly greater than that of the RKN isolate S but in RKN egg masses, S was significantly more abundant than J. RAPD-PCR analysis of colonies from mixed treatments confirmed that J was more abundant than S ill PCN cysts whereas the converse was observed on RKN egg masses. This substantiates the phenomenon of nematode host preference at the infraspecific level of P. chlamydosporia and highlights its relevance for biological control of plant parasitic nematodes.