Do the physical discomforts from breast cancer treatments affect the sexuality of women who underwent mastectomy?

The objective of this integrative review is to analyze the scientific production addressing the sexuality of women with breast cancer following mastectomy, focused on the effects that the physical discomfort due to cancer treatments have on their sex life. The search included articles published in the period between 2000 and 2009 on the MEDLINE, LILACS and PsycINFO databases, using the following descriptors: mastectomy, breast neoplasms, sexuality, sexual behavior, amputation, psychosexual development, and marital relations. Nine articles were selected, which addressed the effects of the physical discomfort from cancer treatments on the patients' sexuality. The findings revealed that, even when the patient's sex life is intense and fulfilling before the disease, factors such as stress, pain, fatigue, insult to body image, and low self-esteem due to the treatments may alter the sexual functioning of the affected woman. Healthcare professionals must be sensitized in order to welcome and include the topic in policies as well as in preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies.

Spin-polarized transport in II-VI diluted magnetic semiconductors superlattices

We studied the spin-polarized charge densities in II-VI-based diluted magnetic superlattices formed of p-doped ZnTe:Mg/ZnTe:TM/ZnTe:Mg non-magnetic/magnetic/non-magnetic layers, with TM standing for transition metal. The calculations were performed within a self-consistent k.p method, in which are also taken into account the exchange correlation effects in the local density approximation. Our results show a limit for the width of the non-magnetic layer for which the difference between the opposite spin charge densities is maximized, indicating the best conditions to obtain full polarization by varying the TM content. We also discuss these effects in the calculated photoluminescence spectra. Our findings point to the possibility of engineering the spin-polarized charge distribution by varying the widths of the magnetic and non-magnetic layers and/or varying the TM concentration in the magnetic layers, thus providing a guide for future experiments. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

FERM domain interaction with myosin negatively regulates FAK in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) regulates cellular processes that affect several aspects of development and disease. The FAK N-terminal FERM (4.1 protein-ezrin-radixin-moesin homology) domain, a compact clover-leaf structure, binds partner proteins and mediates intramolecular regulatory interactions. Combined chemical cross-linking coupled to MS, small-angle X-ray scattering, computational docking and mutational analyses showed that the FAK FERM domain has a molecular cleft (similar to 998 angstrom(2)) that interacts with sarcomeric myosin, resulting in FAK inhibition. Accordingly, mutations in a unique short amino acid sequence of the FERM myosin cleft, FP-1, impaired the interaction with myosin and enhanced FAK activity in cardiomyocytes. An FP-1 decoy peptide selectively inhibited myosin interaction and increased FAK activity, promoting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through activation of the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Our findings uncover an inhibitory interaction between the FAK FERM domain and sarcomeric myosin that presents potential opportunities to modulate the cardiac hypertrophic response through changes in FAK activity.

Docking, synthesis and pharmacological activity of novel urea-derivatives designed as p38 MAPK inhibitors

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) is an important signal transducing enzyme involved in many cellular regulations, including signaling pathways, pain and inflammation. Several p38 MAPK inhibitors have been developed as drug candidates to treatment of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper we reported the docking, synthesis and pharmacological activity of novel urea-derivatives (4a-e) designed as p38 MAPK inhibitors. These derivatives presented good theoretical affinity to the target p38 MAPK, standing out compound 4e (LASSBio-998), which showed a better score value compared to the prototype GK-00687. This compound was able to reduce in vitro TNF-alpha production and was orally active in a hypernociceptive murine model sensible to p38 MAPK inhibitors. Otherwise, compound 4e presented a dose-dependent analgesic effect in a model of antigen (mBSA)-induced arthritis and anti-inflammatory profile in carrageenan induced paw edema, indicating its potential as a new antiarthritis prototype. (c) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

An electrochemical gas sensor based on paper supported room temperature ionic liquids

A sensitive and fast-responding membrane-free amperometric gas sensor is described, consisting of a small filter paper foil soaked with a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), upon which three electrodes are screen printed with carbon ink, using a suitable mask. It takes advantage of the high electrical conductivity and negligible vapour pressure of RTILs as well as their easy immobilization into a porous and inexpensive supporting material such as paper. Moreover, thanks to a careful control of the preparation procedure, a very close contact between the RTIL and electrode material can be achieved so as to allow gaseous analytes to undergo charge transfer just as soon as they reach the three-phase sites where the electrode material, paper supported RTIL and gas phase meet. Thus, the adverse effect on recorded currents of slow steps such as analyte diffusion and dissolution in a solvent is avoided. To evaluate the performance of this device, it was used as a wall-jet amperometric detector for flow injection analysis of 1-butanethiol vapours, adopted as the model gaseous analyte, present in headspace samples in equilibrium with aqueous solutions at controlled concentrations. With this purpose, the RTIL soaked paper electrochemical detector (RTIL-PED) was assembled by using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide as the wicking RTIL and printing the working electrode with carbon ink doped with cobalt(II) phthalocyanine, to profit from its ability to electrocatalyze thiol oxidation. The results obtained were quite satisfactory (detection limit: 0.5 mu M; dynamic range: 2-200 mu M, both referring to solution concentrations; correlation coefficient: 0.998; repeatability: +/- 7% RSD; long-term stability: 9%), thus suggesting the possible use of this device for manifold applications.

Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para quantificação do fármaco bevacizumabe por cromatografia a líquido de alta eficiência

In this study, an analytical method was developed and validated for quantitation of the drug bevacizumab (Avastin®) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC column was a BioSuite 250® HR SEC, 300 x 7.8 mm x 5 µm (Waters, USA). The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The results revealed that the method was specific, precise, accurate, robust and linear (r² = 0.998) from 5 to 75 µg mL-1. Therefore, this method can be used in drug release studies or in quality control ampoules of the drug.

Water transfer from São Francisco river to semiarid northeast of Brazil: technical data, environmental impacts, survey of opinion about the amount to be transferred

The transposition of the São Francisco River is considered one of the greatest engineering works in Brazil of all time since it will cross an extensive agricultural region of continental dimensions, involving environmental impacts, water, soil, irrigation, water payment and other multidisciplinary themes. Taking into account its importance, this subject was incorporated into a discipline of UFSCar (Federal University of São Carlos - Brazil) named "Pollution and Environmental Impacts". It was noted strong reaction against the project, even before the presentation. To allow a critical analysis, the first objective was to compile the main technical data and environmental impacts. The second objective was to detect the three most important aspects that cause reaction, concluding for the following reasons: assumption that the volume of water to be transferred was much greater than it actually is proposed in the project; lack of knowledge about similar project already done in Brazil; the idea that the artificial canal to be built was much broader than that proposed by the project. The participants' opinion about "volume to be transferred" was raised quantitatively four times: 2-undergraduate students; 1-graduate; 1-outside community. The average resulted 14 times larger than that proposed in the project, significant according to t-test. It was concluded that the reaction to water transfer project is due in part to the ignorance combined with a preconceived idea that tend to overestimate the magnitude of environmental impacts.

Formação de um grupo de pesquisa em enfermagem na área da saúde da mulher e gênero

Trata-se do relato da experiência sobre a formação de um grupo de pesquisa por meio da estratégia metodológica participativa e emancipatória da oficina de trabalho. Concebida no âmago da epistemologia feminista, esta opção encerra a possibilidade efetiva da construção de um produto compartilhado e reconhecido como pertencente a todas as participantes, dentre outros inúmeros qualificativos. Foram estabelecidos eixos estruturantes em torno dos quais se desenvolveram os conteúdos e as atividades. Os resultados mostram que, a despeito da diversidade de visões de mundo e experiências, de dificuldades pessoais e institucionais, as participantes tinham uma perspectiva bastante positiva em relação à formação de um grupo de pesquisa para incrementar e difundir o conhecimento de gênero na saúde da mulher. A oficina as instrumentalizou para o empreendimento num clima agradável, leve e prazeroso, nem por isso, menos compromissado com uma inovadora forma de fazer ciência.

Análise da confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade da goniometria em relação à fotogrametria na mão

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores e a reprodutibilidade da goniometria em relação à fotogrametria na mão, comparando os ângulos da abdução de polegar, flexão da AIFP do II dedo e flexão da AMCF do V dedo. MÉTODOS: PARTIciparam deste estudo 30voluntários foram divididos em 3 grupos, um grupo de 10 estudantes de Fisioterapia, outro por 10 fisioterapeutas e o terceiro com 10 terapeutas da mão. Cada avaliador realizou as medidas no mesmo molde de mão, utilizando o goniômetro e em seguidadois softwares de fotogrametria, o CorelDraw® e o ALCimagem®. RESULTADOS: Os resultados revelaram que os grupos e os métodos propostos apresentam confiabilidade interexaminadores no geral classificada como excelente (ICC 0,998 I.C. 95% 0,995 - 0,999). Na avaliação intraexaminadores, foi encontrado excelente nível de confiabilidade entre os três grupos. Na comparação entre os grupos para cada ângulo e cada método, observou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para a maioria das medidas. CONCLUSÃO: A goniometria e a fotogrametria são métodos confiáveis e reprodutíveis para avaliação de medidas na mão. Porém, pela escassez de referências semelhantes, necessita-se de estudos aprofundados para definição de parâmetros de normalidade entre os métodos nas articulações da mão. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo Diagnóstico.

Microstructure and metal-insulator transition in single crystalline KMo4O6

High quality KMo4O6 single crystals with tetragonal structure (space group P4/mbm) have been prepared by fused salt electrolysis. The crystals were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry, electrical resistivity, and magnetization measurements. X-ray powder diffraction patterns and SEM have given some information on the growth of single crystals. Electrical resistivity as a function of temperature shows that the KMo4O6 compound is a bad metal with resistivity change of approximately 30% in the temperature range from 2 to 300K. A metal-insulator transition (MIT), observed at approximately 110K, has been also confirmed for this material. Magnetization as a function of temperature agrees with previous report, however a magnetic ordering has been observed in M(H) curves in the whole temperature range.

Metodi molecolari nello studio della variabilità genetica di Tuber borchii

Tuber borchii (Ascomycota, order Pezizales) is highly valued truffle sold in local markets in Italy. Despite its economic importance, knowledge on its distribution and population variation is scarce. The objective of this work was to investigate the evolutionary forces shaping the genetic structure of this fungus using coalescent and phylogenetic methods to reconstruct the evolutionary history of populations in Italy. To assess population structure, 61 specimens were collected from 11 different Provinces of Italy. Sampling was stratified across hosts and habitats to maximize coverage in native oak and pine stands and both mychorrizae and fruiting bodies were collected. Samples were identified considering anatomo-morphological characters. DNA was extracted and both multilocus (AFLP) and single-locus (18 loci from rDNA, nDNA, and mtDNA) approaches were used to look for polymorphisms. Screening AFLP profiles, both Jaccard and Dice coefficients of similarity were utilized to transform binary matrix into a distance matrix and then to desume Neighbour-Joining trees. Though these are only preliminary examinations, phylogenetic trees were totally concordant with those deriving from single locus analyses. Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear loci were performed using maximum likelihood with PAUP and a combined phylogenetic inference, using Bayesian estimation with all nuclear gene regions, was carried out. To reconstruct the evolutionary history, we estimated recurrent migration, migration across the history of the sample, and estimated the mutation and approximate age of mutations in each tree using SNAP Workbench. The combined phylogenetic tree using Bayesian estimation suggests that there are two main haplotypes that are difficult to be differentiated on the basis of morphology, of ecological parameters and symbiontic tree. Between these two lineages, that occur in sympatry within T. borchii populations, there is no evidence of recurrent migration. However, migration over the history of the sample was asymmetrical suggesting that isolation was a result of interrupted gene flow followed by range expansion. Low levels of divergence between the haplotypes indicate that there are likely to be two cryptic species within the T. borchii population sampled. Our results suggest that isolation between populations of T. borchii could have led to reproductive isolation between two lineages. This isolation is likely due to sympatric speciation caused by a multiple colonization from different refugia or a recent isolation. In attempting to determinate whether these haplotypes represent separate species or a partition of the same species we applied Biological and Mechanistic species Concepts. Notwithstanding, further analyses are necessary to evaluate if selection favoured premating or post-mating isolation.

Estro linguistico e problemi traduttivi in Mr Alfred M. A. di George Friel

My work is focused on George Friel, a distinguished Scottish writer known for his witty style bristling with puns and more or less literary allusions. In particular I proposed an annotated translation of what can be considered his masterpiece “Mr Alfred M.A.” in which wordplay has a central role for its plot. In the first part of my thesis I outlined the fundamental features of Friel’s writing: the wide variety of registers and styles, the rhythm and irony. Additionally I pointed out the strategies that the translator has to face when translating this text. Finally I identified the number of problems which may arise while translating Friel’s “Mr Alfred M.A.” into Italian with particular concern on the strategies of supplementation and explicitation for wordplay.

Resonante Laserionisations-Massenspektrometrie an Gadolinium zur Isotopenhäufigkeitsanalyse mit geringsten Mengen

Resonante Laserionisations-Massenspektrometrie an Gadolinium zur Isotopenhäufigkeitsanalyse mit geringsten Mengen Die selektive Spuren- und Ultraspurenanalyse des Erdalkalielements Gadolinium eröffnet eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen in der Biomedizin und Kosmochemie. Zum Erreichen der hohen Anforderungen bezüglich Isotopen- und Isobarenselektivität von S>10^7 sowie Gesamteffizienz von e>10^-6 wurde der Einsatz der resonanten Laserionisations-Massenspektrometrie untersucht. Dazu erfolgte die Weiterentwicklung und Anpassung des existierenden Diodenlaser-Quadrupolmassenspektrometersystems. Durch Ionenflugbahn-Simulationsrechnungen wurde für das Quadrupol-Massenspektrometer die erreichbare Nachbarmassenunterdrückung und Transmission in Abhängigkeit von der Auflösung theoretisch vorhergesagt. Die Werte wurden experimentell bestätigt. Aus der beobachteten Peakstruktur erfolgte die Ableitung einer Methode zur Bestimmung der Energieunschärfe des eingesetzten Ionisationsprozesses. Zum Auffinden eines effizienten dreifach resonanten Anregungsschemas wurden die Isotopieverschiebungen und Hyperfeinstrukturen aller stabilen Gadoliniumisotope in zahlreichen Übergängen für die einfach, zweifach und dreifach resonante Ionisation präzise vermessen. Das aufgenommene Spektrum autoionisierender Resonanzen zeigte etwa 150 bislang unbekannter Zustände mit Resonanzüberhöhungen von bis zu fünf Größenordnungen im Ionisationswirkungsquerschnitt. Die entwickelte Methode der Hyperfeinzustandsselektion ermöglichte die Bestimmung der Drehimpulsquantenzahl J der autoionisierenden Resonanzen. Die analytische Charakterisierung der dreistufig resonanten Ionisation von Gadolinium ergab eine Isotopen- und Isobarenselektivität von S(Isotop)>10^12 und S(Isobar)>10^7. Die mit dem Diodenlasersystem erreichte Nachweiseffizienz von e=1-3x10^-6 mit einer untergrundlimitierten Nachweisgrenze von wenigen 10^9 Atomen Gd-158 erlaubte erste Demonstrationsmessungen an medizinischen Gewebeproben.