现代空气动力学的问题

<正> 航空工业从开始以来,一个很重要的目标,就是不断地提高飞行器的速度。因为速度的增加,气流里所产生的现象,就逐渐复杂起来。二十几年前,飞行速度平均在每小时三四百公里左右,建立在空气是不可压缩没有粘性的假设上的流体力学,对于飞机的设计,就有了很大的贡献。后来为了战争的要求,飞行的速度提到六七百公里,在飞行和制造上,就第一次发生了困难,就是所谓“空气

Phase relaxation model for 2-phase flows

A phase relaxation model (PRM) for 2-phase flows is presented in this paper on the basis of three principal assumptions. The basic equations for PRM arc derived from the Boltzmann equations for gas-partlcle mixture, The general characteristics and solving process of the PRM's basic equations are also presented and discussed. Many terms in the PRM's basic equations contain a factor ε= ρgρp/ρg+ρp2 which is an intrinsic small parameter for 2-phase mixture, with ρg and ρp being respectively the densities of gas and particle phases.This makes it possible to simplify the computation of the PRM's basic equations. The model is applied to for example, studying file steady propagation of shock waves in gas-particle mixture. The analysis shows that with an increase of shock wave strength the relaxation process behind a gasdynamics shock front becomes a kind of dynamics relaxation instead of the standard exponential relaxation process. A method of determining experimentally the velocity and tem...更多perature relaxation rates (or times) of gas-particle flows is suggested and analyzed.

不同重力下薄燃料表面火焰传播的相似性

利用数值模拟方法,研究了不同重力下有限空间内薄燃料表面逆风传播火焰的相似性.结果表明,通道高度的变化,通过影响通道间的流场和壁面的热损失,来影响通道内燃料表面的火焰传播,因此用水平窄通道模拟微重力下大空间内的火焰传播,只能得到定性相似但定量差别较大的结果,这与他人的实验结果一致.在微重力和常重力下的窄通道中,当Grashof准数足够小时(200可以作为一个定性参考值),其中的自然对流基本可以忽略,不同重力下窄通道中的火焰传播过程基本相似.

非结构同位网格SIMPLE类算法收敛性能比较

以非结构网格的SIMPLE算法为基础,将算法扩展为SIMPLEC算法.利用30°角的斜方腔流动计算成果,分析了非结构同位网格的SIMPLE/SIMPLEC算法的收敛性能;比较了因网格的非正交而引入的非正交项的取舍对该算法收敛性能的影响;并采用显式校正步法对SIMPLEC算法进行了显式校正.比较表明,在非结构同位网格SIMPLEC算法中可忽略非正交项,但有必要对压力作亚松弛.显式校正步法可显著地加速在非结构网格上求解N-S方程的收敛性能,而且在不同的松弛因子组合下,均有较好的收敛速率.

光学蛋白质芯片

本文介绍一种新型光学蛋白质芯片技术 .它通过表面格式化、表面改性和配基固定形成多元生物活性感应表面 ;借助蛋白质的特异结合性和高分辨率的生物光学显微成像技术达到识别和检测蛋白质的目的 .它是一种非标记的多元蛋白质定量分析方法 .

激波/边界层相互作用诱导的激波风洞气体污染问题

应用多组分NS方程和频散可控耗散格式(DCD)计算了爆轰驱动激波风洞中反射激波/边界层/接触面的相互作用过程,分析了驱动气体与试验气体在壁面射流作用下的掺混机制及其对风洞试验时间的影响.为了延长风洞的试验时间,提出在风洞贮室内增设环形隔板,以隔离壁面射流,延长风洞试验时间的方法.计算结果表明:环形隔板确实可以限制驱动气体与试验气体的过早掺混,显著增加激波风洞的有效试验时间.

应用圆二色光谱研究交变应力对烟草细胞膜蛋白结构的影响

采用该实验室研制的强声波发生装置来产生交变应力场，研究了不同强度和频率的交变应力场作用后烟草细胞膜蛋白结构的变化。从细胞和分子水平研究交变应力对植物生长、发育的影响及其作用机制。

迎风紧致格式的混淆误差分析及其同谱方法的比较

对运用迎风紧致格式求解非线性方程时混淆误差产生的机理进行了研究，通过算例对五阶迎风紧致格式与谱方法进行了比较，发现在混淆误差的处理上迎风紧致格式优于谱方法。

HACCP: Programa de capacitacion en analisis de peligros y puntos criticos de control

El HACCP es un sistema preventivo más que reactivo de control de peligros. Los procesadores de alimentos pueden utilizarlo para garantizar productos alimentarios más inocuos para los consumidores. Para asegurar alimentos más inocuos, el sistema HACCP está diseñado para identificar los peligros, establecer controles y monitorear estos controles. Los peligros pueden consistir en microorganismos nocivos o en contaminantes químicos y/o físicos. (PDF tiene 289 paginas.)

A Photographic Catalog of Killer Whales, Orcinus orca, frOIll the Central Gulf of Alaska to the Southeastern Bering Sea

In 1992 and 1993, researchers from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory initiated photo-identification studies on Alaskan killer whales, Orcinus orca. Waters from Kodiak Island west to the central and eastern Aleutian Islands and southeastern Bering Sea were surveyed. A total of 289 individual whales were identified. A photographic record of the whales encountered during these surveys is presented. When photographs of the 289 individual whales were compared among various regions in Alaska (Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska) and areas outside Alaska (British Columbia, Washington, and California), 11 matches were found. The count is conservative because the 1992 and 1993 surveys were limited in geographical range, restricted to summer periods, and whales may have been missed along the survey trackline. Future research incorporating both photoidentification studies and line transect surveys will provide reliable abundance estimates of Alaskan killer whales. (PDF file contains 58 pages.)

An investigation into the value of yam (Dioscorea rotundata) peels as energy source in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus fry fed in indoor glass aquaria

The study was designed to investigate the value of the peels of yam (Dioscorea rotundata) as energy source in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus fry and to investigate the level of inclusion of this peels that will give optimum growth performance. Four diets, three levels of yam peels and a control, was prepared and tested on O. niloticus fry (mean weight of 0.27g) for ten weeks. Fifteen (15) O. niloticus fry were grouped in each of the glass aquaria, measuring 60x30x3Ocm and with a maximum capacity of 52 liters of water. The fry were fed twice daily at 10% biomass. The fry were weighed weekly to determine weight increment or otherwise and the quality of feed was adjusted accordingly. DTl (70% yam peels and 30% yellow maize) in the carbohydrate mixture gave the best performance. The fry fed this diet, gained a mean weight of 1.20g for the period of the experiment. The poorest performance in terms of growth was from fry fed the control diet (100% yellow maize in the carbohydrate mixture). Fry fed this diet gained mean weight of 0.80g for the duration of the experiment. Analysis of the various growth indices like SGR, PER, FCR and NPU shows that DTl was the overall best diet with an SGR value of I. 92 and FCR of 54.10. The difference in weight gain by fry fed the three levels of yam peels diet and the control diet (100% yellow maize) was not statistically significant (P>0.05)