Desempenho reprodutivo, características do pelame e taxa de sudação em vacas da raça Braford

Foram investigados os efeitos das características do pelame e da taxa de sudação (TS) sobre o intervalo de partos (IEP, n = 423) e os dias para o parto (DPP, n = 1.202) de vacas da raça Braford criadas em sistema extensivo em região tropical úmida no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. As análises foram realizadas pelo método dos quadrados mínimos considerando para intervalo de partos os seguintes efeitos das classes de idade da vaca ao parto: grupo genético; pai; e regressão sobre a refletância da superfície da capa (R), a espessura da capa (E), o comprimento dos pêlos (C), o número de pêlos por unidade de área (N), o diâmetro dos pêlos (D) e a taxa de sudação. Para dias para o parto, foram considerados os efeitos: R, E, C, N, D, TS, divididos em classes; grupo genético; idade no início da estação de monta; e pai. Os componentes de variância e co-variância foram estimados pelo método de Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita sob o modelo touro. As características adaptativas não foram importantes para a variação do intervalo de parto e dos dias para o parto, mas a taxa de sudação apresentou efeito importante sobre dias ao parto. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram quase nulas para IEP e DPP e maiores para as características adaptativas (E = 0,16 ± 0,09; C = 0,18 ± 0,09; N = 0,08 ± 0,06; D = 0,12 ± 0,07; R = 0,30 ± 0,12; TS = 0,10 ± 0,06). Os resultados obtidos para as correlações genéticas de IEP e DPP com TS e entre as características do pelame indicaram que a seleção simultânea para menores valores de C pode ser favorável à redução do intervalo de partos. em geral, as correlações genéticas entre TS, IEP e DPP apresentaram elevado erro-padrão. Considerando os resultados deste estudo e a importância das características do pelame e da sudação, confirma-se a necessidade de se estudarem as correlações genéticas entre as características adaptativas e o desempenho reprodutivo para o progresso da adaptação de bovinos da raça Braford no Brasil.

Um estudo sobre a concepção de paradoxo segundo o pensamento de Augustus de Morgan

This work aims to analyze the concept of "paradox" posed in the work of The Budget Paradox (1872) of mathematical and logical English Augustus De Morgan (1806-1871). Here it is important to note that a large part of this book consists of re-prints of a series of writings by the author in journal Athenaeum, where its performance as auditor of literature. The tests refer to some scientific work produced between the years 1489 and 1866 and the rules of selection for the composition of the work is, basically, the methodological aspects used in the completion or disclosed by such scholars. The concept of paradox is presented in two distinct moments. At first, we found a study of definitions for the term in a philosophical approach, characterizing it as something that requires further investigation; which was complemented with the classic examples of a scientific context. In the second, we present a concept advocated by De Morgan and, under this perspective, that he conceptualized the "paradox" is directly related to the non-usual methods employed in the formulation of new scientific theories. In this study some of these scientific concepts are detailed, where, through the redemption history, engaging in issues of our study Mathematics, Physics, of Logic, among others. Possession of the preliminary analysis and comparison with the design of De Morgan, it became possible to diagnose some limitations in the conceptualization suggested by the author. Further, evidenced, in front of the cases, the nonlinearity of the process of production of knowledge and hence the progress of science

A concepção de ensino sob medida na obra hygiene mental e educação (1927), de Luiz Antônio dos Santos Lima

This dissertation examines the concept of the personalized teaching proposed by the physician and educator from Rio Grande do Norte Luiz Antonio dos Santos Lima, in his doctoral thesis "Mental Hygiene and Education," published in 1927. To do so, we start from the assumption that this thinker appropriated part of the educational theory formulated by Èdouard Claparède - specifically, in the case of the teaching concepts of the personalized teaching and comprehensive education designed by the Swiss intellectual - and, considering the Brazilian social reality of early twentieth century, reframed these concepts, adapting them to the country context. To implement the proposed idea, the bibliographical study was the option chosen, and so was done through a theoretical research which had as a reference authors whose studies referred to the Brazilian historical moment in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, our examined time frame. As for the understanding and the methodological analysis of discourse, seen as socially constructed, the Foucault postulations were studied under an analytical approach, in which the disciplinary society is analyzed from the relations of power and knowledge that exist in it. The main source of this research was the work of "Mental Hygiene and Education," published as a requirement to the obtainment of Luiz Antonio s medical degree by the Rio de Janeiro Medicine School. Thus, it was found that the conception of personalized learning to the comprehensive education of students, as proposed in the doctoral thesis of Luiz Antonio dos Santos Lima, was related to abnormalities of mental character that children could present. School education was thought in a way by the potiguar thinker that it could be applied as deep as the moral, intellectual and behavioral deviations of the individual were, making use of hygiene practices of the minds through a normalizing process towards a civilized and developed future of the Brazilian nation which would manage, watch and fix the thoughts of the school students

A concepção de paisagem de professores de geografia em escolas do município de Parnamirim (RN)

This work is an exploratory study based on the principles of qualitative research aiming at the conception of landscape by Geography teachers in the city of Parnamirim (RN), as well as the pedagogical implications originated from such conceptions on the formation of students. In order to start our investigative process, we used, as theoretical and methodological reference, some principles of historical and dialectical materialism by Triviños (2007) and historical cultural approach of education by Freire (1987; 1996) e Vygotsky (1993; 2001; 2007), as well as the meaning of conception by Morin (1996) and Ferreira (2007) and the critical approach of geography by Moraes (2005), Santos (1988; 2004; 2006) and Silva (1989; 2010). Also, we used oral history as a research technique such as Moraes (2004), Bertaux (2010), Ferraroti (2010) and Nóvoa (2010) and semi-structured interviews as data collection tools. Our empirical reference is made of four teachers working in four different public schools in the city mentioned above, providing the needed data to start our research. The objective of such interviews is not the verification of the teachers‟ practice in class or outside them, but it highlights the transitoriness of the evidences mentioned in the research. Thus, we conclude that the conception of landscape mostly accepted by the teachers, once it is a process built along their lives and surrounded by their pedagogical practice, prioritizes the visual and morphological aspects and the sentimental livings related to the conception which is situated in a descriptive level of conception. Effectively, the pedagogical implications of these conceptions at school point to a materialization of geography teaching centered on the non-critical reproduction of school subjects which very little instigate the learners to process, via dialogicity, the re-significations of their essential and multiple attributes despite the several attempts and possibilities of some theoretical and methodological renovations on the application of geographical knowledge about landscape, expressed on the report of the interviewees

Revelações e contradições entre concepção e gestão do currículo em um curso técnico no IFRN, na modalidade de educação de jovens e adultos

This dissertation reports the results of a research which has aimed to analyze the senses attributed to the curriculum by the students of the Technical Course of Computation Maintenance and Support, organized through the Programme of Integration of the the Professional Education with the Basic Education in the Youngster and Adult Education Modality (PROEJA), at Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), Campus Santa Cruz. It has been sought to know who the students are and to investigate their curriculum conceptions, on which the this investigation has been based on. Thus, those senses attributed by the students on their narratives have been compared to the official proposed curriculum for the Programme and to the curriculum implemented by IFRN. The current research follows the qualitative approach being led by a study case and life stories methods. In order to effective that approach, two data collecting instruments have been developed: questionnaires and semi structured interviews. The collected data has been complemented by the legal and institutional documents analysis. This study is derived from the presupposition that PROEJA s students, although are able to access school after the educational system restructuration, are still facing difficulties during their courses because of the excluding and traditional curriculum, decontextualized with their personal and work life, that is, without curriculum integration. This study has accomplished PROEJA s students characterization presenting important data for the integrated curriculum construction at IFRN and revealing that the students consider the Programme as inclusive. Nevertheless, the practices concerned to the democratic construction of the curriculum and its dialogical action indicate partial inclusion, considering that, in order to include those students indeed, it would be necessary to include them to the institutional and academic context. Contradictory situations have been detected on the course pedagogical project, considered traditional and decontextualized, especially regarding to methodological aspects. The research also allowed to increase PROEJA s investigation field as well as to contribute with a better implementation of the Programme as curricular proposal bonded to Basic and Professional Education in the Youngster and Adult Modality Education Modality

A morte a concepção de estudantes de enfermagem

Understanding the meaning of death for student nurses is the subject of this research. The motivation for the meeting place of my difficulties as a person and especially as a teacher in the face of nursing students in dealing with death on a day-to-day hospital during the undergraduate course. Death became known that this evil looms before men and destabilizing, causing often irreversible mental disorders when faced with family loss. Therefore, it is appropriate to study it the possibility of making us reflect on our way of living life and dealing with human beings from the perspective of finitude. Aimed to understand the meaning of death for nursing students. For this purpose, it was based on the following guiding question: What is the meaning of death for you as a nursing student? From this perspective, the study was developed within a qualitative dimension of the phenomenological approach. To perform ten students were interviewed during the month of July 2009. Emerged from these interviews a variety of feelings such as fear, anxiety, insecurity, failure, sadness, as the sensory experience of each. To understand the meaning units that emerged from the empirical data which constitute the essence of this research were fundamental studies dealing with Heidegger about the death in a phenomenological perspective, as well as authors Bicudo, D'Assunção, Dastur, Morin, Boff, Kübler-Ross, Boemer, among others. From the understanding of the phenomenon, we can say that death produces mixed feelings in these students that lead to selfprotection, understood, often as a departure from the other, at the approach of death. However, it proved to be sensitive and receptive to the approach of death in other dimensions, beyond the highly technical aspects, pointing to a paradigm shift that has the yeast's own willingness to change. In addition, the research highlights the weaknesses in the education of nurses regarding the understanding of the whole human death and the need to overcome them.

Análise dos indicadores de qualidade versus taxa de abandono utilizando método de regressão múltipla para serviço de banda larga

Telecommunication is one of the most dynamic and strategic areas in the world. Many technological innovations has modified the way information is exchanged. Information and knowledge are now shared in networks. Broadband Internet is the new way of sharing contents and information. This dissertation deals with performance indicators related to maintenance services of telecommunications networks and uses models of multivariate regression to estimate churn, which is the loss of customers to other companies. In a competitive environment, telecommunications companies have devised strategies to minimize the loss of customers. Loosing customers presents a higher cost than obtaining new ones. Corporations have plenty of data stored in a diversity of databases. Usually the data are not explored properly. This work uses the Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) to establish rules and new models to explain how churn, as a dependent variable, are related to a diversity of service indicators, such as time to deploy the service (in hours), time to repair (in hours), and so on. Extraction of meaningful knowledge is, in many cases, a challenge. Models were tested and statistically analyzed. The work also shows results that allows the analysis and identification of which quality services indicators influence the churn. Actions are also proposed to solve, at least in part, this problem

Efeitos genéticos e ambientais sobre a idade à primeira concepção de fêmeas suínas

The genetic and environmental factors that affect age at first conception (AFC) of gilts were evaluated, using 466 observations of Dalland animals (C-40). The software program MTDFREML was used to assess the genetic parameters on an animal model that included as fixed effect, contemporary group and, as random effects, the additive genetic, the common litter and the error. Mean value of AFC was 241.12±25.9 days, with CV of 8.5 %. Variance analysis showed that year (P<0.01), season (P<0.01) and herd effects (P<0.01) were important sources of variation of AFC. The throat effect (P=0.34) was not important for the AFC, but the mother of the gilts (P<0.01) was an important source of variation. The heritability estimate was 0.44±0.14 that this trait would yield genetic gain as a response to the selection.

Processamento da cana-de-açúcar: efeitos sobre a digestibilidade, o consumo e a taxa de passagem

O objetivo neste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do tratamento alcalino da cana-de-açúcar com hidróxido de sódio (1,5 a 50% de NaOH) sobre a digestibilidade total e o consumo de matéria seca das dietas experimentais e as taxas de passagem das canas-de-açúcar. Foram utilizados quatro bovinos mestiços (Zebu x Holandês) alimentados com canas-de-açúcar in natura, hidrolisada, hidrolisada fenada e hidrolisada ensilada como fontes volumosas, constituindo 70% das dietas. O tratamento alcalino foi mais eficiente na fração fibra, proporcionando aumentos de pelo menos 45% na digestibilidade. Os aumentos de 25,0 e 16,7% no consumo das dietas contendo as cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada (1,5% PV) e hidrolisada fenada (1,4% PV) provavelmente foram influenciados pela maior digestibilidade da fibra. Os valores estimados de taxa de passagem ruminal no ceco-cólon e o tempo de retenção em cada compartimento não diferiram entre as cana-de-açúcar in natura, hidrolisada e hidrolisada fenada. Entretanto, para a cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada ensilada, observaram-se as menores taxas (1,5 e 7,4%/h) e o maior tempo de retenção (71,4 horas). Concluiu-se que o tratamento alcalino com hidróxido de sódio, com ou sem fenação, melhorou a digestão da fibra da cana-de-açúcar no trato digestivo total e proporcionou acréscimo do consumo de matéria seca da cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada, sem afetar a taxa de passagem. Entretanto, a posterior ensilagem pode não trazer esses benefícios.

Taxa de passagem e parâmetros ruminais em bovinos suplementados com enzimas fibrolíticas

Avaliou-se o efeito da adição de enzimas fibrolíticas (celulase e xilanase) sobre as taxas de passagem de partículas e de diluição e os parâmetros ruminais (pH e nitrogênio amoniacal) em animais consumindo dietas contendo silagem de milho e feno de tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) como volumoso. Oito bovinos com fístulas no rúmen e no duodeno foram distribuídos em dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (duas fontes de volumoso e adição ou não de enzimas). O complexo enzimático foi proveniente de fonte comercial e extraído dos fungos Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma longibrachiatum, sendo fornecido na proporção de 12 g/animal/dia, misturado à ração total. Para as taxas de passagem, foram utilizados como marcadores das fases sólida e líquida o cromo-mordente e o cobalto-EDTA, respectivamente. Não houve efeito das enzimas sobre o pH e as concentrações de N-NH3, que apresentaram médias de 6,5 e 22,10 mg/100 mL, respectivamente. A taxa de passagem de partículas no rúmen não foi influenciada pela suplementação enzimática, com médias de 3,4 e 3,0%/h para as dietas contendo silagem de milho e feno de tifton, respectivamente. A taxa de diluição aumentou de 10,07 para 11,84%/h com a adição de enzimas. A suplementação com enzimas fibrolíticas em dietas formuladas com silagem de milho e feno de tifton como volumoso praticamente não alterou os parâmetros avaliados.

Taxa de absorção atmosférica sobre as cidades de Botucatu-SP e Rio de Janeiro-RJ

O segundo satélite da Missão Espacial Completa Brasileira (SCD2/MECB) foi colocado em órbita em 23 de Outubro de 1998 e carrega a bordo um experimento de células solares. Célula solar de silício é um dispositivo semicondutor, que pode medir a intensidade da radiação visível e parte da radiação infravermelha (400-1100 nm). O experimento permite medir simultaneamente a insolação direta e parte da radiação solar que é refletida pela Terra para o espaço. Os dados do experimento célula solar são transmitidos em tempo real pela telemetria do satélite e recebidos pela estação terrestre em Cuiabá, MT-Brasil (16°S; 56°W). Este fato limita a cobertura espacial para um círculo sobre a América do Sul. O albedo planetário é obtido dentro desta cobertura e seus valores podem ser agrupados em períodos temporais (anual, sazonal ou mensal), ou podem ser estudados para várias localizações (latitude e longitude) durante a vida do satélite. O coeficiente de transmissão atmosférica ou índice de claridade (Kt), medido em estações meteorológicas na superfície da Terra, junto com o valor medido simultaneamente do albedo planetário, permite calcular o coeficiente de absorção atmosférica (Ka). O método desenvolvido neste trabalho para avaliar Ka considera que o albedo planetário é composto por duas partes: uma refletividade local e uma refletividade não local. Considerando este novo conceito, é definida uma taxa de absorção atmosférica (denominada Ra) que é a razão entre Ka e a potência de irradiância solar líquida, que não atravessou a atmosfera (100%-Kt). A taxa de absorção atmosférica assim definida é independente da cobertura de nuvens. O histograma de freqüência de Ra mostra os valores de 0,86±0,07 e 0,88±0,09 sobre as cidades de Botucatu-SP e do Rio de Janeiro-RJ, durante os anos de 1999 até 2006, respectivamente.

Efeitos na taxa de transporte de elétrons de plantas daninhas após aplicação de amicarbazone

Entre os herbicidas registrados para cana-de-açúcar, o amicarbazone é um dos mais importantes para o controle das plantas daninhas, sendo preciso que o herbicida seja absorvido, translocado e que ele alcance os cloroplastos das células das folhas para atuar em seu sítio de ligação no fotossistema II. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do amicarbazone na taxa de transporte de elétrons (ETR) de Ipomoea grandifolia, Brachiaria decumbens e Digitaria horizontalis. Foi verificada a resposta dessas plantas daninhas, em relação à ETR, quando submetidas ao amicarbazone em solução e na sequência à solução sem herbicida, por meio de leituras da ETR, realizadas em folhas novas e adultas com o uso de um fluorômetro portátil. Verificou-se também o consumo de água das plantas daninhas pela pesagem diária dos recipientes contendo a solução e as plantas. Assim, verificou-se por meio do experimento que a redução dos valores da ETR pode ser utilizada para indicar o nível de intoxicação nas plantas daninhas em estudo. As plantas daninhas I. grandifolia, B. decumbens e D. horizontalis apresentaram respostas diferenciadas quando submetidas a solução sem herbicida após solução com amicarbazone. I. grandifolia apresentou-se mais sensível ao amicarbazone devido à maior dificuldade em recuperar os níveis iniciais de ETR, além de apresentar alterações nas folhas novas após o termino de fornecimento do herbicida. O consumo de água pode explicar esse comportamento em I. grandifolia, visto tratar-se da espécie que mais consumiu água e, consequentemente, mais absorveu o amicarbazone. Já para B. decumbens e D. horizontalis ocorreram menores níveis de absorção de água e, por conseguinte, as folhas velhas tiveram melhor recuperação do transporte de elétrons e não houve intoxicação em folhas novas.

Montagem e operação de um secador pneumático tipo flash

In this work, a pneumatic dryer has been designed and assembled in laboratory scale in order to study and evaluate configurations more efficient for application in drying of important materials of Northeast region in Brazil. The equipment was tested with drying of corn and rice grains, in conditions of temperature and air velocity at 80 oC and 35 m/s, respectively. For this type of dryer, it is recommended to work at temperatures above 200 °C and air velocity with higher dynamic pressure. However, even under operating conditions below what it is recommended, the results obtained with the pneumatic dryer were satisfactory. In addition, experiments of drying were performed by using a cabinet dryer (batch dryer) under the same conditions used in the pneumatic dryer. Flash one curves for the corn were fitted satisfactorily by applying of the Lewis model, while a better agreement was found for rice by using the Page model. The data obtained with both drying processes allowed to compare the performance between pneumatic and batch dryers. In respect to drying rate, the pneumatic dryer presented a similar performance to the batch dryer during processing with corn and a superior performance to the last one during processing with rice. Therefore, it was possible to verify that the pneumatic dryer assembled in this preliminar study can be applied for different materials and under different operating conditions

Educação científica no contexto pós-ontológico: por uma concepção plural de conhecimento e educação

The development of this work arises from the research of sociological and philosophical characters contemplating also other approaches which aims to answer the followingquestions: what is the responsibility of science teaching for the image one has about science? ; which scientific education should be designed for nowadays? . After considering the assumptions brought along by rationalism and the criticisms to the illuminist model proposed by sociology and philosophy of science, as well by the biology of the knowing process, going through discussions concerning post-modernity issues, one is given to understand that the image of science has become the central point of discussion in the last hundred years, including what concerns the area of science teaching, and that practically none of those discussions really reached natural science classes indeed. We adopt the term postontological to characterize the recent proposals on philosophy and sociology, because we evaluate that this term allows a better identification of the scientific realism crisis, which supports the existence of an ontological domain which science, and only science, is able to understand. One notices that the general public is not aware of those discussions, mainly if they are science teachers and students. So we believe that discussing the logic in which science is structured, the new understandings concerning the scientific undertaking, especially those of an externalist character, and the relationship between science and society, all of this contributes to build up a science teaching which contemplates a reflective contribution, besides allowing the inclusion of the study of other epistemologies in the educational practice. We argue that a revisionist posture seems to be the most appropriate for the contemporary scientific education, contemplating, besides the teaching of the usual science contents, discussions on the issues involving that knowledge, as well as respecting epistemologies alternative to the modern Western scientific one, in order one can work on the perception of local knowledge generated from other epistemological bases. We describe here practical activities we did involving teachers (short-term courses) and high-school students in an inland school in the Rio Grande do Norte state, in Brazil, as a way to demonstrate the possibility of interventions which can take those conceptions, discussions and changes to the classroom

Atividades experimentais no ensino de biologia em escolas públicas do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil: caracterização geral e concepção de professores

Recent research has revealed that the majority of Biology teachers believe the practice of experimental activities as a didactical means would be the solution for the improvement of the Biology teaching-learning process. There are, however, studies which signal the lack of efficiency in such practice lessons as far as building scientific knowledge is concerned. It is also said that despite the enthusiasm on the teachers‟ part, such classes are rarely taught in high school. Several studies point pedagogical difficulties as well as nonexistence of a minimal infrastructure needed in laboratories as cause of low frequency in experimental activities. The poor teacher performance in terms of planning and development of classes; the large number of students per class; lack of financial stimulus for teachers are other reasons to be taken into account among others, in which can also be included difficulties of epistemological nature. That means an unfavorable eye of the teacher towards experimental activities. Our study aimed to clarify if such scenario is generalized in high schools throughout the state of Rio Grande do Norte Brazil. During our investigation a sample of twenty teaching institutions were used. They were divided in two groups: in the first group, five IFRN- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte schools. Two of those in Natal, and the other three from the country side. The second group is represented by fifteen state schools belonging to the Natal metropolitan area. The objectives of the research were to label schools concerning laboratory facilities; to identify difficulties pointed by teachers when performing experiment classes, and to become familiar with the conceptions of the teachers in regarding biology experiment classes. To perform such task, a questionnaire was used as instrument of data collecting. It contained multiple choice, essay questions and a semi-structured interview with the assistance of a voice recorder. The data analysis and the in loco observation allowed the conclusion that the federal schools do present better facilities for the practice of experimental activities when compared to state schools. Another aspect pointed is the fact that teachers of federal schools have more time available for planning the experiments; they are also better paid and are given access a career development, which leads to better salaries. All those advantages however, do not show a significantly higher frequency regarding the development of experiments when compared to state school teachers. Both teachers of federal and state schools pointed infra-structure problems such as the availability of reactants, equipments and consumption supplies as main obstacle to the practice of experiments in biology classes. Such fact leads us to conclude that maybe there are other problems not covered by the questionnaire such as poor ability to plan and execute experimental activities. As far as conceptions about experimental activities, it was verified in the majority of the interviewees a inductive-empiric point of view of science possibly inherited during their academic formation and such point of view reflected on the way they plan and execute experiments with students