Giraffes can't dance.

Gerald era una jirafa de altura cuyo cuello es largo y esbelto, pero sus rodillas estaban muy torcidas y sus piernas eran más bien delgadas. El pobre Gerald no podía bailar con los otros animales de la selva.

10 ideas clave : educar en medios de comunicación : la educación mediática.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Un análisis de las metas en situación de aprendizaje para el alumnado de primaria y secundaria obligatoria.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Medición del nivel socioeconómico familiar en el alumnado de Educación Primaria

Resumen basado en el de la publicación.

Os itinerários de Reintegração Social de adolescentes privados de liberdade em Teresina - Piauí, Brasil

A dissertação “Reintegração Social de Adolescentes Privados de Liberdade em Teresina” tem como objetivo analisar como se materializam os itinerários de reintegração social de adolescentes privados de liberdade e inseridos no Centro Educacional Masculino (CEM), em Teresina, Estado do Piauí, tendo sido considerada para a análise dos dados a articulação entre as possibilidades e oportunidades oferecidas aos adolescentes e as suas reais necessidades, desejos e sonhos para uma reintegração segura ao meio social. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na cidade de Teresina, junto aos adolescentes envolvidos com a prática de atos infracionais, sentenciados judicialmente e submetidos à Medida Socioeducativa de Internação, que segundo a Lei Brasileira n. 8.069 de 13 de Julho de 1990 – Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), as pessoas que compõem esse segmento da sociedade brasileira são consideradas sujeitos de Direitos e se encontram em situação peculiar de desenvolvimento pessoal e social. Os resultados apresentados revelam que o programa oficial de reintegração social de adolescentes do Piauí apresenta uma proposta de trabalho elaborada dentro do modelo determinado pelo ECA. Porém o desenvolvimento do trabalho de modo geral não ocorre de forma a garantir o que teoricamente apresenta, isto é, ações concretas que garantam o desenvolvimento psicossocial dos jovens, pois verificamos uma visível desarticulação entre necessidades e ofertas de oportunidades, bem como, a ausência de um grupo formado concretamente de educadores preparados para propor e executar ações que ofereçam meios para o adolescente moderar-se e viabilizar-se como pessoa e cidadão produtivo e assim poder construir seu projeto de vida e garantir seu retorno seguro ao meio social, familiar e comunitário.

Monstruos construidos por los medios: Juan F. Hermosa, el "Niño del terror"

En el presente estudio se aborda el tema de las bestias o monstruos urbanos, seres míticos que deambulan en los imaginarios de la urbe llámense asesinos, ladrones, asaltantes, pandilleros, prostitutas, travestis, homosexuales... Sus cuerpos anómalos y deformes asemejan a las grandes fauces de Cerbero, su malicia es tan grande como la del más endemoniado de los animales de la tierra y sus gritos harían estallar los tímpanos de Odiseo. Entre esta zoología monstruosa surge el rostro de Juan Fernando Hermosa, el “Niño del terror”, quien estremeció a la población ecuatoriana desde que se conocieron los asesinatos de taxistas en diciembre de 1991. ¿Quién es este monstruo? ¿Cuáles son los crímenes que cometió y cuáles son los que se le imputó? ¿En qué medida fue también una construcción mediática? Tal vez nunca se pueda desentrañar totalmente esta historia, sin embargo el mito de Hermosa sigue vivo en las calles clamando por el esclarecimiento de esos crímenes. La investigación intenta descubrir la ciudad y sus delitos, la cultura del silencio y del terror, a través de la palabra de “otros”; las voces que fueron silenciadas ganan un espacio en esta narración, y sus múltiples alaridos develan el enmarañado mundo de los poderes.

Simulating metals and mine discharges in river basins using a new integrated catchment model for metals: pollution impacts and restoration strategies in the Aries-Mures river system in Transylvania, Romania

The INtegrated CAtchment (INCA) model has been developed to simulate the impact of mine discharges on river systems. The model accounts for the key kinetic chemical processes operating as well as the dilution, mixing and redistribution of pollutants in rivers downstream of mine discharges or acid rock drainage sites. The model is dynamic and simulates the day-to-day behaviour of hydrology and eight metals (cadmium, mercury, copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, manganese and chromium) as well as cyanide and ammonia. The model is semi-distributed and can simulate catchments, sub-catchment and in-stream river behaviour. The model has been applied to the Roia Montan Mine in Transylvania, Romania, and used to assess the impacts of old mine adits on the local catchments as well as on the downstream Aries and Mures river system. The question of mine restoration is investigated and a set of clean-up scenarios investigated. It is shown that the planned restoration will generate a much improved water quality from the mine and also alleviate the metal pollution of the river system.

Synthesis of labelled dihydroartemisinic acid

[15-(CH3)-C-13-H-2]-Dihydroartemisinic acid (2a), [15-(CH3)-H-2]-dihydroartemisinic acid (2b) and [15-(CH3)-C-13]-dihydroartemisinic acid (2c) have been obtained in good yield and high isotopic enrichment by a reconstructive synthesis from artemisinin. These labelled compounds were designed to be used in biosynthetic experiments to determine the origins of artemisinin and other sesquiterpene natural products from Artemisia annua. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Asymmetric aziridine synthesis by aza-Darzens reaction of N-diphenylphosphinylimines with chiral enolates. Part 2: inversion of diastereoselectivity

The aza-Darzens ('ADZ') reactions of N-diphenylphosphinyl ('N-Dpp') imines with chiral enolates derived from N-bromoacetyl 2S-2,10-camphorsultam proceed in generally good yield to give N-diphenylphosphinyl aziridinoyl sultams. However, the stereoselectivity of the reaction is dependent upon the structure of the imine substituent: when the chiral enolate was reacted with arylimines substituted in the ortho-position, mixtures of cis- and trans-2'R,3'R-aziridines were obtained, often with a complete selectivity in favour of the trans-isomer. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fecal microbiota in patients receiving enteral feeding are highly variable and may be altered in those who develop diarrhea

Background: The pathogenesis of diarrhea in patients receiving enteral feeding includes colonic water secretion, antibiotic prescription, and enteropathogenic colonization, each of which involves an interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota. Objective: The objective was to investigate temporal changes in the concentrations of fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patients starting 14-d of enteral feeding and to compare these changes between patients who do and do not develop diarrhea. Design: Twenty patients starting exclusive nasogastric enteral feeding were monitored for 14 d. Fecal samples were collected at the start, middle, and end of this period and were analyzed for major bacterial groups by using culture independent fluorescence in situ hybridization and for SCFAs by using gas-liquid chromatography. Results: Although no significant changes in fecal microbiota or SCFAs were observed during enteral feeding, stark alterations occurred within individual patients. Ten patients (50%) developed diarrhea, and these patients had significantly higher concentrations of clostridia (P = 0.026) and lower concentrations (P = 0.069) and proportions (P = 0.029) of bifidobacteria. Patients with and without diarrhea had differences in the proportion of bifidobacteria (median: 0.4% and 3.7%; interquartile range: 0.8 compared with 4.3; P = 0.035) and clostridia (median: 10.4% and 3.7%; interquartile range: 14.7 compared with 7.0; P = 0.063), respectively, even at the start of enteral feeding. Patients who developed diarrhea had higher concentrations of total fecal SCFAs (P = 0.044), acetate (P = 0.029), and butyrate (P = 0.055). Conclusion: Intestinal dysbiosis occurs in patients who develop diarrhea during enteral feeding and may be involved in its pathogenesis. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 240-7.

Effect of feeding fat or intrajugular infusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin on dry matter intake, digestibility, and digesta rate of passage in growing wethers

A cause and effect relationship between glucagon-like peptide 1 (7, 36) amide (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK) and DMI regulation has not been established in ruminants. Three randomized complete block experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding fat or infusing GLP-1 or CCK intravenously on DMI, nutrient digestibility, and Cr rate of passage (using Cr(2)O(3) as a marker) in wethers. A total of 18 Targhee × Hampshire wethers (36.5 ± 2.5 kg of BW) were used, and each experiment consisted of four 21-d periods (14 d for adaptation and 7 d for infusion and sampling). Wethers allotted to the control treatments served as the controls for all 3 experiments; experiments were performed simultaneously. The basal diet was 60% concentrate and 40% forage. In Exp. 1, treatments were the control (0% added fat) and addition of 4 or 6% Ca salts of palm oil fatty acids (DM basis). Treatments in Exp. 2 and 3 were the control and 3 jugular vein infusion dosages of GLP-1 (0.052, 0.103, or 0.155 µg•kg of BW(-1)•d(-1)) or CCK (0.069, 0.138, or 0.207 µg•kg of BW(-1)•d(-1)), respectively. Increases in plasma GLP-1 and CCK concentrations during hormone infusions were comparable with increases observed when increasing amounts of fat were fed. Feeding fat and infusion of GLP-1 tended (linear, P = 0.12; quadratic, P = 0.13) to decrease DMI. Infusion of CCK did not affect (P > 0.21) DMI. Retention time of Cr in the total gastrointestinal tract decreased (linear, P < 0.01) when fat was fed, but was not affected by GLP-1 or CCK infusion. In conclusion, jugular vein infusion produced similar plasma CCK and GLP-1 concentrations as observed when fat was fed. The effects of feeding fat on DMI may be partially regulated by plasma concentration of GLP-1, but are not likely due solely to changes in a single hormone concentration.

Comparison of the rheology of mozzarella-type curd made from buffalo and cows’ milk

Curd rheology and calcium distribution in buffalo and cows’ milk, were compared at their natural pH and during acidification (pH 6.5–5.6). Buffalo milk displays a curd structure and rheology different from that of cows’ milk and the casein-bound calcium, as well as the contents of fat, protein and calcium, are also higher. Due to these higher amounts of casein-bound calcium, the overall curd strength with buffalo milk (as indicated by the dynamic moduli) was higher, at similar pH values, than those of equivalent gels produced from cows’ milk. The curd rheology was adversely affected at lower pH (5.8–5.6) in both of the milk types, due to the loss of casein-bound calcium from casein micelles. The degree of solubilisation of calcium in buffalo milk during acidification is quite different from that observed in cows’ milk with a lower proportion of the calcium being solubilised in the former. The maximum curd firmness was obtained at pH 6.0 in both milk types. For both species, these rheological and micellar changes were qualitatively the same but quantitatively different, due to the different milk compositions.

The primary somatosensory cortex largely contributes to the early part of the cortical response elicited by nociceptive stimuli.

Research on the cortical sources of nociceptive laser-evoked brain potentials (LEPs) began almost two decades ago (Tarkka and Treede, 1993). Whereas there is a large consensus on the sources of the late part of the LEP waveform (N2 and P2 waves), the relative contribution of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) to the early part of the LEP waveform (N1 wave) is still debated. To address this issue we recorded LEPs elicited by the stimulation of four limbs in a large population (n=35). Early LEP generators were estimated both at single-subject and group level, using three different approaches: distributed source analysis, dipolar source modeling, and probabilistic independent component analysis (ICA). We show that the scalp distribution of the earliest LEP response to hand stimulation was maximal over the central-parietal electrodes contralateral to the stimulated side, while that of the earliest LEP response to foot stimulation was maximal over the central-parietal midline electrodes. Crucially, all three approaches indicated hand and foot S1 areas as generators of the earliest LEP response. Altogether, these findings indicate that the earliest part of the scalp response elicited by a selective nociceptive stimulus is largely explained by activity in the contralateral S1, with negligible contribution from the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2).

Digestive and physiologic effects of a wheat bran extract, arabino-xylan-oligosaccharide, in breakfast cereal

Objective: We assessed whether a wheat bran extract containing arabino-xylan-oligosaccharide (AXOS) elicited a prebiotic effect and influenced other physiologic parameters when consumed in ready-to-eat cereal at two dose levels. Methods: This double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial evaluated the effects of consuming AXOS at 0 (control), 2.2, or 4.8 g/d as part of ready-to-eat cereal for 3 wk in 55 healthy men and women. Fecal microbial levels, postprandial serum ferulic acid concentrations, and other physiologic parameters were assessed at the beginning and end of each condition. Results: The median bifidobacteria content of stool samples (log10/grams of dry weight [DW]) was found to be higher in the subjects consuming the 4.8-g/d dose (10.03) than in those consuming 2.2 g/d (9.93) and control (9.84, P < 0.001). No significant changes in the populations of other fecal microbes were observed, indicating a selective increase in fecal bifidobacteria. Postprandial ferulic acid was measured at 120 min at the start and end of each 3-wk treatment period in subjects at least 50 y old (n = 37) and increased in a dose-dependent manner (end-of-treatment values 0.007, 0.050, and 0.069 μg/mL for the control, AXOS 2.2 g/d, and AXOS 4.8 g/d conditions, respectively, P for trend < 0.001). Conclusion: These results indicate that AXOS has prebiotic properties, selectively increasing fecal bifidobacteria, and increases postprandial ferulic acid concentrations in a dose-dependent manner in healthy men and women.

Structure and magnetic properties of a tetranuclear Cu(II) complex containing the 2-(pyridine-2-yliminomethyl)-phenol ligand

A tetranuclear Cu(II) complex [Cu4L4(H2O)4](ClO4)4 has been synthesized using the terdentate Schiff base 2-(pyridine-2-yliminomethyl)-phenol (HL) (the condensation product of salicylaldehyde and 2-aminopyridine) and copper perchlorate. Chemical characterizations such as IR and UV/Vis of the complex have been carried out. A single-crystal diffraction study shows that the complex contains a nearly planar tetranuclear core containing four copper atoms, which occupy four equivalent five-coordinate sites with a square pyramidal environment. Magnetic measurements have been carried out over the temperature range 2–300K and with 100Oe field strengths. Analysis of magnetic susceptibility data indicates a strong antiferromagnetic (J1=−638cm−1) exchange interaction between diphenoxo-bridged Cu(II) centers and a moderate antiferromagnetic (J2=−34cm−1) interaction between N–C–N bridged Cu(II) centers. Magnetic exchange interactions (J’s) are also discussed on the basis of a computational study using DFT methodology. The spin density distribution (singlet ground state) is calculated to visualize the effect of delocalization of spin density through bridging groups.