Ein Wort der Mahnung an Israel um Beherzigung der Judenhetze und merkwürdige darauf bezügliche Träume

von Jaschern milo Debor in Würzburg

The ADO index as a predictor of two-year mortality in general practice-based chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cohorts.

BACKGROUND Existing prediction models for mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have not yet been validated in primary care, which is where the majority of patients receive care. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to validate the ADO (age, dyspnoea, airflow obstruction) index as a predictor of 2-year mortality in 2 general practice-based COPD cohorts. METHODS Six hundred and forty-six patients with COPD with GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) stages I-IV were enrolled by their general practitioners and followed for 2 years. The ADO regression equation was used to predict a 2-year risk of all-cause mortality in each patient and this risk was compared with the observed 2-year mortality. Discrimination and calibration were assessed as well as the strength of association between the 15-point ADO score and the observed 2-year all-cause mortality. RESULTS Fifty-two (8.1%) patients died during the 2-year follow-up period. Discrimination with the ADO index was excellent with an area under the curve of 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.84]. Overall, the predicted and observed risks matched well and visual inspection revealed no important differences between them across 10 risk classes (p = 0.68). The odds ratio for death per point increase according to the ADO index was 1.50 (95% CI 1.31-1.71). CONCLUSIONS The ADO index showed excellent prediction properties in an out-of-population validation carried out in COPD patients from primary care settings.

Progression of Liver Fibrosis in HIV/HCV Co-Infection: A Comparison between Non-Invasive Assessment Methods and Liver Biopsy.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic performance of seven non-invasive tests (NITs) of liver fibrosis and to assess fibrosis progression over time in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. METHODS Transient elastography (TE) and six blood tests were compared to histopathological fibrosis stage (METAVIR). Participants were followed over three years with NITs at yearly intervals. RESULTS Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for significant fibrosis (> = F2) in 105 participants was highest for TE (0.85), followed by FIB-4 (0.77), ELF-Test (0.77), APRI (0.76), Fibrotest (0.75), hyaluronic acid (0.70), and Hepascore (0.68). AUROC for cirrhosis (F4) was 0.97 for TE followed by FIB-4 (0.91), APRI (0.89), Fibrotest (0.84), Hepascore (0.82), ELF-Test (0.82), and hyaluronic acid (0.79). A three year follow-up was completed by 87 participants, all on antiretroviral therapy and in 20 patients who completed HCV treatment (9 with sustained virologic response). TE, APRI and Fibrotest did not significantly change during follow-up. There was weak evidence for an increase of FIB-4 (mean increase: 0.22, p = 0.07). 42 participants had a second liver biopsy: Among 38 participants with F0-F3 at baseline, 10 were progessors (1-stage increase in fibrosis, 8 participants; 2-stage, 1; 3-stage, 1). Among progressors, mean increase in TE was 3.35 kPa, in APRI 0.36, and in FIB-4 0.75. Fibrotest results did not change over 3 years. CONCLUSION TE was the best NIT for liver fibrosis staging in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. APRI-Score, FIB-4 Index, Fibrotest, and ELF-Test were less reliable. Routinely available APRI and FIB-4 performed as good as more expensive tests. NITs did not change significantly during a follow-up of three years, suggesting slow liver disease progression in a majority of HIV/HCV co-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy.

Prometheus on Mars: Nineteenth-Century Science Fiction and the Language of Romanticism

The development of astrophysics in the nineteenth century drew mankind closer to the planets. For the first time, it was possible to give serious scientific consideration to the possibilities for life on other planets. The greatest leap, however, was in recognizing what was not known, and acknowledging the limits of human intuition. ‘Ideas,’ wrote Agnes M. Clerke, ‘have all at once become plastic’. As the scientific community tested the limits of scientific understanding, it became the role of science-fiction writers to imagine the universe beyond these limits. This paper will examine the ways in which nineteenth-century science fiction used the inheritance of the poetic language of Romanticism to reinstate the centrality of human being in the universe. I will explore the ways in which writers such as Edward Bulwer-Lytton (The Coming Race, 1871) and W. S. Lach-Szyrma (Aleriel, 1883) extended the Byronic hero to envisage extra-terrestrial utopias. The Hegelian systematic mythology described by Byron and Shelley had reimagined paradise and redemption on earth. Through science fiction, this mythology extended out towards the stars. A discourse on the possibilities of extra-terrestrial life became a Romantic discourse on the possibilities of being. The Byronic hero could now find a home not by escaping the shackles of religion, but as an angelic citizen of Venus or Mars. In this way, the paper will explore how science-fiction writers appropriated the language of Romantic poetry to build a bridge between the framework of scientific knowledge and the extent of human imagination.

Molecular profiling of lung adenosquamous carcinoma: hybrid or genuine type?

Lung adenosquamous carcinoma is a particular subtype of non-small cell lung carcinoma that is defined by the coexistence of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma components. The aim of this study was to assess the mutational profile in each component of 16 adenosquamous carcinoma samples from a Caucasian population by a combination of next generation sequencing using the cancer hotspot panel as well as the colon and lung cancer panel and FISH. Identified mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing of DNA from cancer cells of each component collected by Laser Capture microdissection. Mutations typical for adenocarcinoma as well as squamous cell carcinoma were identified. Driver mutations were predominantly in the trunk suggesting a monoclonal origin of adenosquamous carcinoma. Most remarkably, EGFR mutations and mutations in the PI3K signaling pathway, which accounted for 30% and 25% of tumors respectively, were more prevalent while KRAS mutations were less prevalent than expected for a Caucasian population. Surprisingly, expression of classifier miR-205 was intermediate between that of classical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma suggesting that adenosquamous carcinoma is a transitional stage between these tumor types. The high prevalence of therapy-relevant targets opens new options of therapeutic intervention for adenosquamous carcinoma patients.

XIPHOPHORUS ENZYME GENE EXPRESSION: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, GENETIC CONTROL, AND STABILITY IN CULTURED CELLS

Five permanent cell lines were developed from Xiphophorus maculatus, X. helleri, and their hybrids using three tissue sources, including adults and embryos of different stages. To evaluate cell line gene expression for retention of either tissue-of-origin-specific or ontogenetic stage-specific characters, the activity distribution of 44 enzyme loci was determined in 11 X. maculatus tissues, and the developmental genetics of 17 enzyme loci was charted in X. helleri and in helleri x maculatus hybrids using starch gel electrophoresis. In the process, eight new loci were discovered and characterized for Xiphophorus.^ No Xiphophorus cell line showed retention of tissue-of-origin-specific or ontogenetic stage-specific enzyme gene expressional traits. Instead, gene expression was similar among the cell lines. One enzyme, adenosine deaminase (ADA) was an exception. Two adult-origin cell lines expressed ADA, whereas, three cell lines derived independently from embryos did not. ADA('-) expression of Xiphophorus embryo-derived cell lines may represent retention of an embryonic gene expressional trait. In one cell line (T(,3)) derived from 13 pooled interspecific hybrid (F(,2)) embryos, shifts with time were observed at enzyme loci polymorphic between the two species. This suggested shifts in ratios of cells of different genotypes in the population rather than unstable gene expression in one dominant cell type.^ Verification of this hypothesis was attempted by cloning the culture--seeking clones having different genetic signatures. The large number of loci electrophoretically polymorphic between the two species and whose alleles segregated independently into the 13 progeny from which this culture originated almost guaranteed the presence of different genetic signatures (lineages) in T(,3).^ Seven lineages of cells were found within T(,3), each expressing genotypes at some loci not characteristic of the expression of the culture-as-a-whole, supporting the hypothesis tested. Quantitative studies of ADA expression in the whole culture (ADA('-)) and in clones of these seven lineages suggested the predominance in T(,3) of ADA deficient cell lineages, although moderate to high ADA output clones also occurred. Thus, T(,3) has the potential to shift phenotypes from ADA('-) to ADA('+) by simply changing proportions of its constituent cell types, demonstrating that such shifts can occur in any cell culture containing cells of mixed expressional characteristics.^

Stable isotope composition of carbonate components of Rhaetian shallow-water limestones of the Wombat Plateau

Stable oxygen- and carbon-isotope ratios of Rhaetian (upper Triassic) limestone samples from the Wombat Plateau, northwest Australia, were measured to explore possible diagenetic pathways that the material underwent after deposition in a shallow-water environment, before plateau submergence in the Early Cretaceous. Host sediment isotopic values cluster near typical marine carbonate values (d18O ranging from -2.57 per mil to +1.78 per mil and d13C, from +2.45 per mil to +4.01 per mil). Isotopic values of equant clear calcite lining or filling rock pores also plot in the field of marine cements (d18O = +1.59 per mil to -2.24 per mil and d13C = +4.25 per mil to +2.57 per mil), while isotopic values for neomorphic calcites replacing skeletal (megalodontid shell) carbonate material show a wider scatter of oxygen and carbon values, d18O ranging from +2.73 per milo to -6.2 per mil and d13C, from +5.04 per mil to +1.22 per mil. Selective dissolution of metastable carbonate phases (aragonite?) and neomorphic replacement of skeletal material probably occurred in a meteoric phreatic environment, although replacement products (inclusion-rich microspar, clear neomorphic spar, etc.) retained the original marine isotopic signature because transformation probably occurred in a closed system dominated by the composition of the dissolving phases (high rock/water ratio). The precipitation of late-stage equant (low-Mg?) calcite cement in the pores occurred in the presence of normal marine waters, probably in a deep-water environment, after plateau drowning. Covariance of d18O and d13C toward negative values indeed suggests influence of meteorically modified fluids. However, none of the samples shows negative carbon values, excluding the persistence of organic-rich soils on subaerial karstic surfaces (Caribbean-style diagenesis). Petrographical and geochemical data are consistent with the sedimentological evidence of plateau drowning in post-Rhaetian times and with a submarine origin of the >70-m.y.-long Jurassic hiatus.

En torno a los mitos y nombres míticos clásicos en Antonio Buero Vallejo

En primer lugar reviso las obras teatrales en sentido diacrónico (vol. I de la Obra completa): La tejedora de sueños (1952), con numerosas huellas de la Odisea, ofrece un tratamiento muy novedoso de las figuras de Penélope y Ulises (la obra es un alegato contra las guerras, las mentiras históricas, las humillaciones sufridas por las mujeres, la pretendida superioridad del varón sobre la mujer); Las Meninas (1960) presenta abundantes referencias a Venus y Marte; El concierto de San Ovidio (1962) alude a Midas, y, asimismo, al pavo real, símbolo de la necedad; y, finalmente, Diálogo secreto (1984) con el tema de Palas y Aracne. En segundo lugar examino el volumen II de su Obra completa (eds. Feijoo-De Paco, Madrid, 1994) donde me adentro en las reflexiones de Buero sobre los mitos clásicos y, asimismo, el problema de la desmitificación y la creación de nuevos mitos. Fuera de eso expongo de modo sumario los principales personajes míticos que hallamos en el orden seguido por buenos manuales de mitología: Venus, Erinis, Júpiter, Juno, Muerte, Parcas, Némesis, Atenea (Palas), Musas, Apolo, Diana, Eurídice, Prometeo, Pandora, Atridas, Dioniso, Edipo y su familia, Medea, Minos, Procrustes, Laocoonte, Orestes, Escila, Caribdis, Mirra.

Los argonautas : La experiencia argentina y la primera novela evocativa de Vicente Blasco Ibáñez

Después de pasar la mayor parte de unos seis años en la Argentina pronunciando conferencias y emprendiendo una aventura colonizadora, Blasco Ibáñez el novelista reaparece en 1914 con Los argonautas, su primera obra evocativa de índole impresionista. Según Rodolfo Cortina Gómez, esta clase de novela aparece en El papa de mar (1925) y A los pies de Venus (1926). En su libro estimable, Cortina Gómez da énfasis a la técnica impresionista de la doble narración, inaugurada por Blasco en Los argonautas con un hilo narrativo en el presente dedicado a los argonautas modernos que viajan al Nuevo Mundo, y el otro hilo dedicado a los argonautas heroicos del pasado. Los argonautas también se distingue de las obras pre-Argentinas en que la estética impresionista es predominante, ya que se nota en el carácter de los personajes, en los temas y motivosv y en el estilo.

El Proemio del Libro IV de las Odas de Horacio

Este artículo se ocupa de la oda 4, 1 de Horacio. En primer lugar, el autor considera que esta oda posee un claro valor programático: en este libro se encontrará nuevamente poesía amorosa, a pesar de lo sostenido en los versos iniciales de la oda 3, 26 Y en la primera epístola. Sigue luego un comentario detallado de la oda, en el que se propone confirmar y ampliar tal interpretación. Se desarrolla especialmente el sentido de la súplica a Venus y el papel que cumple en tal súplica la juventud y riqueza de Paulo Máximo. En los dos últimos parágrafos se discuten la estructura del poema y su clasificación como apopompé, recusatio o renuntiatio amoris; también la característica que diferencia, aun considerando el poema como renuntiatio amoris, a Horacio de los poetas elegíacos

El Proemio del Libro IV de las Odas de Horacio

Este artículo se ocupa de la oda 4, 1 de Horacio. En primer lugar, el autor considera que esta oda posee un claro valor programático: en este libro se encontrará nuevamente poesía amorosa, a pesar de lo sostenido en los versos iniciales de la oda 3, 26 Y en la primera epístola. Sigue luego un comentario detallado de la oda, en el que se propone confirmar y ampliar tal interpretación. Se desarrolla especialmente el sentido de la súplica a Venus y el papel que cumple en tal súplica la juventud y riqueza de Paulo Máximo. En los dos últimos parágrafos se discuten la estructura del poema y su clasificación como apopompé, recusatio o renuntiatio amoris; también la característica que diferencia, aun considerando el poema como renuntiatio amoris, a Horacio de los poetas elegíacos