Integration of an internet-driven supply chain for a medium-size e-commerce company

This research aimed at discovering the benefits and challenges of integration across a company's e-supply chain. The research involved a single case study of an Australian e-commerce company. In our work, we first formed a framework of benefits and challenges for e-supply chain integration, which was based on the beliefs held by management consultants. After conducting interviews with various organisational stakeholders of an e-commerce company, we found that although some of the elicited opinions matched those expressed by consultants, others provided their refinement in respect to a medium size, rapidly evolving, start-up company. We also discovered challenges, seemingly ignored by the consultants, which concerned changing market conditions and limited economies of scale perceived as seriously impeding SCM integration. Also, the ability to develop and maintain scalable and effective information systems was found to impact the capacity to integrate services across the e-supply chain. The case study's single most important contribution was to bring to our attention the importance of organisational and environmental maturity in the strategic planning of the supply chain management process.

The never-ending quest : effective strategy-making and change management for high-performing VET organisations

This report summarises the evaluation of projects undertaken in 2001-02 as part of Reframing the Future's sub-program on Strategic Management and Change Management. It argues every Registered Training Organisation (RTO) in the vocational education and training (VET) sector in Australia needs managers who can design effective strategies.

From efficiency to effectiveness :a new management model of social inclusion

This paper challenges the tendency in the contemporary management literature to conceptualize management within a micro-framework that focuses on short-term efficiency and privatized economic gain. Based on a literature review of social-relation theories, we propose a new management model of social inclusion for general management across contexts with a particular concern for profit-for organizations. The model conceptualizes management within a systemic societal framework where its effectiveness is demonstrated for society, organizations, groups and individuals.  We suggest that management based on the collectivistic values of shared humanity and social inclusion (not only organization) is expected to reduce management-led systematic marginalization in the workplace and social whole. For the purpose of this paper, we define management as “mutually interdependent activities that add value to individuals’, groups’, organizations’ and societal wellbeing by ensuring social inclusion at each of these dimensions.” We term this management process ‘Management Process of Social Inclusion’ as it extends management perspectives to not only organizational effectiveness but societal effectiveness. The paper concludes by proposing several propositions and implications for future research.

Supply chain management security : the weak link of Australian critical infrastructure protection

Secure management of Australia’s commercial Critical Infrastructure presents ongoing challenges to both the owners of this infrastructure as well as to the Australian Federal government. The security management process is currently managed through high-level information sharing via collaboration, but does this situation suit the commercial sector? One of the issues facing Australia is that the majority of critical infrastructure resides under the control of the business sector and certain aspects such of the critical infrastructure such as Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems are distributed entities that span a number of commercial organisations. Another issue is that these SCM systems can be used for the transportation of varied items, such as retail items or food. This paper will explore the security issue related to food SCM systems and their relationship to critical infrastructure. The paper will focuses upon the security and risk issues associated with SCM system protection within the realms of critical infrastructure protection. The paper will review the security standard ISO 28000 - Supply Chain Security Management Standard. The paper will propose a new conceptual security risk analysis approach that will form the basis of a future Security Risk Analysis approach. This new approach will be aimed at protecting SCM systems.

An overview of previous studies in stakeholder management and its implications for construction industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of previous studies in the field of stakeholder management, and propose implications for the construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach – Three major databases are searched: ABI, EI CompendexWeb, and ISI web of knowledge. Papers are searched on topic by using the keywords of “stakeholder management”, “management of stakeholders” and “management of stakeholder”. A brief review of the abstracts and conclusions of these papers is conducted to filter out the irrelevant and/or duplicate papers. After filtering, 159 articles with content relevant to stakeholder management are selected for analysis.

Findings – An overview of previous studies reveals that research interest in stakeholder management has turned to the descriptive approach. Through a critical review of stakeholder management process, three main problems of previous studies are identified: very few methods and tools are available to identify all stakeholders and their interests; limited studies involve the change management about the stakeholders' influence and relationship; and few studies are capable of reflecting the influence of the entire relationship network in practice.

Research limitations/implications – Two implications for the construction industry are suggested: establish a practical framework for managing stakeholders; and apply social network theory (SNT) in developing a stakeholder relationship model.

Originality/value – The overview and implications lead to new knowledge and an improved understanding of the management of multiple stakeholders in construction projects. The perspective of SNT avoids the deficiency of Freeman's dyadic ties model, and the project managers can make decisions in response to the stakeholder behaviours according to the entire relationship.

Communicating the ethos of corporate codes of ethics in the UK and the USA

Business ethics has been a consideration for corporations in the USA since at least the early 1960s, whilst in the UK this interest in business ethics appears to be just over 20 years old. In a survey of the top 500 companies operating in the private sector in the UK and the USA, it would appear that corporations operating in the UK have embraced the ethos of codes of ethics differently to their USA counterparts and that this difference may well be in line with their different adoption rates over the last 50 years of the need for business ethics in organizations. The USA seems to lead the UK in most areas, except when it comes to ethical audits and incorporating the ethics code into the strategic planning process. Could this omission in respect to strategic planning be the Achilles Heel of US business?

Competition : the heart and soul of sport management

Understanding competition is central to the task of strategy formulation and implementation and it is the link between competition and strategy that was explored in the 2011 Dr. Earle F. Zeigler Lecture. It was argued that strategy, given its centrality to organizational phenomena, and strategy research in particular, provides rich and diverse competitive contexts with the potential to reveal some of the unique properties of sport management. To ascertain the prevalence of sport-related strategy research, three sport management journals were subject to content analysis to identify published manuscripts related to strategy. Before presenting the results, the Lecture considered competition on and off the field, the origins of competitive behavior in sport management and a brief review of the major research themes in the generic strategic management literature. Results revealed that 20 (2.5%) of the 805 manuscripts published in the three journals were strategy focused. Research themes and contexts were presented as well as a bibliometric analysis of the reference lists of the 20 identified strategy manuscripts. This analysis highlighted the journals that are influencing published sport management strategy-related research. It was concluded that strategy research specific to sport management has been sparse to date, yet the role of strategy formulation is central to the role of management and should also be central to sport management scholarship.

A model to select processes for IT service management improvement

IT organisations are continually seeking improvements in managing IT service management processes. The selection of relevant processes to improve is one of the most crucial initial decisions to make in service improvement projects. In this paper, we focus on developing a process selection decision model using service perception factors from the Service Quality (SERV-QUAL) model and business drivers from the Balanced Scorecard perspectives along with the main objective of service improvement as improvement driver. We use a Design Science Research method to develop the model and then a prototype from our proposed model. We establish an evaluation protocol to determine the effectiveness of the prototype which will be demonstrated in a case organisation. The main contribution of the paper is to provide evidence-based decision support for IT service providers to select the most relevant service processes to improve.

Toward a holistic theory of strategic problem solving

To date, many of the models and theories that seek to explain problem solving and decision making, have tended to adopt an overly reductionist view of the processes involved. As a consequence, most theories and models have proved unsuitable in providing managers with a practical explanation of the dynamics that underpin problem solving. A substantial part of a manager’s time is taken up with problem solving and decision making issues. The question of whether managers possess the necessary problem solving skills, or have access to “tools”, which can be used to manage different types of problems, has become an issue of some importance for managers and organisations alike. This paper seeks to contribute to the current literature on problem solving and decision making, by presenting a conceptual model of problem solving, which is intended to assist managers in developing a more holistic framework for managing problem solving issues.

An integrated management systems approach to corporate social responsibility

A great deal of research has emphasized the strategic management of corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, gaps remain on how CSR can be effectively integrated with existing business processes. One key question remaining is how to design business processes so that they accommodate stakeholder requirements in an integrated manner. The purpose of this paper is to present a framework that can be used to integrate CSR into business processes. The framework highlights the concept of simultaneous ‘top-down integration’ and ‘bottom-up community-related indicators development’ approaches to CSR. These two approaches are elaborated with the help of two cases. The top-down approach focuses on building CSR into existing business initiatives through an integrated management systems (IMS) approach. This paper concludes that an IMS approach provides the infrastructure for the integration of CSR. The bottom-up approach focuses on the development of indicators linked to community initiatives. Examples of best practice for both the top-down and bottom-up approaches are provided in two case studies.

The inner circle of technology innovation : a case study of two Chinese firms

In the era of information economy, Chinese firms have realised that technology innovation is fundamental for organisations to gain competitive advantages in the global market. This case study evaluates the drivers and antecedents of technology innovation of two emerging Chinese multinational firms. Institutional theory, the resource-based view and the competency-based strategic perspective are used as the basis for case analysis. The findings show some similarities and differences between the growth of Chinese multinational firms and those of more traditional ones. Chinese firms appear not to follow single innovation pathways but take multiple routes combining several types of innovation, such as strategic, organisational and operational innovation. The key component in the successful technology innovation process among Chinese firms was found to be in alignment with several human resource management strategies. The case study concludes with discussion on managerial and pedagogical implications. These help address inherent differences in the innovation management process between emerging Chinese and established multinational firms.

Avaliando a gestão dos correios na Bahia através de indicadores de desempenho

A atividade postal se constitui numa das formas mais antigas de prestação de serviços da história da humanidade e tem início com a necessidade de comunicação das pessoas. O setor postal se organiza de acordo com a legislação dos Países, normalmente, em prestação de serviços públicos, a exemplo do que ocorre no Brasil. A realidade mercadológica do mundo tem mudado o relacionamento das organizações com os seus clientes, principalmente em função da globalização. O setor postal Brasileiro experimenta estas mudanças e passa a dedicar mais atenção aos clientes, através das atividades que desenvolve. Uma das maneiras de conferir se a atividade produz o resultado que se espera é a medição. E, analisando o caso dos Correios da Bahia, encontrou-se a oportunidade de implementar um modelo de avaliação de desempenho e gestão que poderá reorientar as atividades da organização, considerando outras variáveis além das operacionais, como financeiras, do ambiente interno, dos clientes e da responsabilidade social da organização. O caso foi estudado a partir de três modelos de avaliação de desempenho e gestão, com a opção por um deles. A escolha do modelo está vinculada aos objetivos do estudo, que são voltados à análise crítica dos indicadores de desempenho e a conseqüente proposição de um modelo capaz de corrigir desvios e adequar o processo de gestão. Dentre os modelos analisados, encontram-se o Quantum (HRONEC), o Capital Intelectual (STEWART) e o Balanced Scorecard (KAPLAN & NORTON), sendo que este último foi o proposto para o acompanhamento da gestão. Em razão das características e particularidades dos Correios da Bahia, foi sugerida uma alteração na arquitetura original do Balanced Scorecard, sendo incluída a perspectiva da responsabilidade social e do aspecto legal no campo das medições. O modelo é composto por cinco perspectivas com seus respectivos objetivos estratégicos, vinculados aos fatores críticos de sucesso e foi adaptado da obra Organização voltada para a estratégia dos autores KAPLAN & NORTON (2001). Com a adoção do modelo proposto é possível que as distorções verificadas na pesquisa sejam corrigidas e a gestão dos Correios da Bahia seja conduzida para o futuro de forma equilibrada.

Planejamento balanceado - PB elaboração e implementação de um sistema de gestão estratégica que integra as técnicas do planejamento estratégico com o Balanced Scorecard

Este trabalho propõe um critério estruturado de elaboração, implementação e operacionalização de um Sistema de Gestão Estratégica definido como Planejamento Balanceado, o qual é resultado do uso de conceitos do Planejamento Estratégico, adaptados a partir das obras de autores como Pagnoncelli e Vasconcellos (1992), Lobato (1997), entre outros e, aliando na seqüência deste, o uso do Balanced Scorecard de Kaplan e Norton (1997) para estabelecer as “Relações de Causa-e-efeito” entre as Estratégias e definir um processo sistemático para implementar e obter feedback sobre as mesmas, contribuindo assim para que a organização fique alinhada e focalizada na implementação e operacionalização das estratégias elaboradas.

Uma proposta de custeio para empresas prestadoras de serviços de transporte rodoviário de carga

O aumento da competitividade negocial gerou o desenvolvimento de novos métodos de gerenciamento de custos. As novas tecnologias de produção e a maior diversidade de produtos e clientes que requerem novos canais de distribuição estão direcionando as empresas a estarem mais envolvidas no aprimoramento dos seus sistema de custeio. O tradicional sistema de contabilidade gerencial está sendo reconhecido como deficiente para tomada de decisões. A alocação convencional dos custos de overhead podem gerar distorções nos custos finais. Por conseqüência, o ABC (Custeio Baseado em Atividades) surgiu como um método de custeio que melhor aloca os custos fixos indiretos, podendo contribuir para a melhoria operacional e a gestão estratégica. O ABC revela a causa dos custos, considerando a integração interfuncional dos processos e a relação causal dos direcionadores de custos com os custos das atividades e recursos. Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta a aplicação do ABC em uma empresa transportadora rodoviária de cargas; propõe o custeio baseado em atividades como uma alternativa para identificação dos clientes mais rentáveis. O método de pesquisa adotado nesta dissertação foi a pesquisa-ação. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se a obtenção do custo unitário de coleta e de entrega de cargas, além da análise dos processos.

Elementos que intervêm no desdobramento do plano estratégico : estudo em instituição de ensino superior

O presente trabalho foi estruturado a partir de um estudo qualitativo baseado na experiência de planejamento estratégico em uma universidade. Teve por objetivo identificar as variáveis que intervêm na implementação daquele processo com a utilização da metodologia de desdobramento de diretrizes. O estudo qualitativo realizado adotou procedimentos que incluíram pesquisa individual com representantes dos segmentos da universidade. Os entrevistados representam os responsáveis pelas finalidades de planejamento, de supervisão geral e setorial, de execução do ensino, bem como de apoio técnico e assessoria. Os principais procedimentos adotados no desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram descrição, análise e interpretação. O planejamento estratégico, usualmente descrito como processo integrante da gestão empresarial, é apresentado como um recurso que capacita a instituição de ensino superior a atuar com eficiência e eficácia e a reagir com rapidez às demandas do seu entorno social. O desdobramento das diretrizes é mostrado como uma ferramenta que pode ser aplicada no detalhamento do plano estratégico, assim que as linhas de ação anuais estejam definidas. Resultaram do estudo a confirmação de que professores e funcionários necessitam de incentivo para atuar nesse processo e que fatores como liderança e comprometimento com resultados, esforço para o compartilhamento do propósito comum, motivação dos envolvidos e acompanhamento dos processos são essenciais para a implementação, com sucesso, do plano estratégico.