Late-career international migration and reproductive work. A comparison between Peruvian and Ukrainian women in the Southern Europe

Research on the relationship between reproductive work and women´s life trajectories including the experience of labour migration has mainly focused on the case of relatively young mothers who leave behind, or later re-join, their children. While it is true that most women migrate at a younger age, there are a significant number of cases of men and women who move abroad for labour purposes at a more advanced stage, undertaking a late-career migration. This is still an under-estimated and under-researched sub-field that uncovers a varied range of issues, including the global organization of reproductive work and the employment of migrant women as domestic workers late in their lives. By pooling the findings of two qualitative studies, this article focuses on Peruvian and Ukrainian women who seek employment in Spain and Italy when they are well into their forties, or older. A commonality the two groups of women share is that, independently of their level of education and professional experience, more often than not they end up as domestic and care workers. The article initially discusses the reasons for late-career female migration, taking into consideration the structural and personal determinants that have affected Peruvian and Ukrainian women’s careers in their countries of origin and settlement. After this, the focus is set on the characteristics of domestic employment at later life, on the impact on their current lives, including the transnational family organization, and on future labour and retirement prospects. Apart from an evaluation of objective working and living conditions, we discuss women’s personal impressions of being domestic workers in the context of their occupational experiences and family commitments. In this regard, women report varying levels of personal and professional satisfaction, as well as different patterns of continuity-discontinuity in their work and family lives, and of optimism towards the future. Divergences could be, to some extent, explained by the effect of migrants´ transnational social practices and policies of states.

Gênero e relações de poder no Pentecostalismo: estudo comparativo entre a Igreja de Cristo no Brasil e a Comunidade Evangélica Sara Nossa Terra

Based on the empirical comparative study between two churches from Pentecostal guidance - both located in Parnamirim/RN - and supported on a dialogic interaction between my interlocutors and theoretical references, I proposed me to reflect about how this protestant segment represents and articulates questions such as gender and power relationships, and the daily impact of that in their followers life. In other words, this dissertation aims to understand the reason of the asymmetry attributed to male and female, especially in what concerns the distribution of ecclesiastic works and the authority given to male, as well as the implication of this reality in the reconfiguration of morality and religious praxis in daily life of individuals and involved groups. From this perspective, this work was divided in three chapters, in which I investigate the tension/relationship between faith and secularism, for from this question on concessions and/or prohibitions related to the limits and involvement of the followers with the world and with the very Pentecostal ethos arise. I also analyze here aspects concerning to both ecclesiastic hierarchy and power, with the objective of elucidating how it occurs, what kind of criteria and implications they consider as well as about the nature of the religious labor division between men and women and, finally, I try to understand how the conversion/adhesion of members is reflected in the redefinitions of gender and its relationship between the ecclesiastical and domestic spaces. The diligence and energy spent in this work is in the hope that its fruits can corroborate in the expansion of anthropological knowledge which, in this particular case, involves the Brazilian Pentecostal phenomenon

Estudo do aerossol (poeira do Sara) na região de Cabo Verde

No âmbito do projeto CV-DUST foi desenvolvida uma campanha de medição do aerossol atmosférico na Cidade da Praia (14° 55’ N, 23°29’ W), de janeiro de 2011 a janeiro de 2012. A concentração do aerossol foi determinada com base no método gravimétrico, com a amostragem feita em termos de PM10 e em frações granulométricas, usando impactores. Complementarmente, foi usado um contador ótico de partículas que permite a monitorização em contínuo e a classificação do número de partículas em 31 frações de tamanho na gama entre 0,25 e 32 μm. A composição química do aerossol foi determinada com incidência nos seguintes componentes: iões inorgânicos solúveis em água (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+ e Ca2+), carbonato total, elementos maioritários da crosta (Si, Na, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Ti e Mn) e elementos vestigiais (Ba, Zn, Zr, Pb, Cu, Ce, Ni, Cr, V, Co, Sc, As, Sm e Sb), assim como a fração carbonácea (carbono elementar – EC e o carbono orgânico - OC). Durante a campanha, a concentração de PM10 apresentou uma grande variabilidade temporal, com valores médios (à escala diária) situados entre 10 μg/m3 e 507 μg/m3, sendo a concentração média anual estimada em cerca de 59 μg/m3. As concentrações mais elevadas (tipicamente acima dos 100 μg/m3) foram registadas durante os eventos de poeira proveniente do Norte de África, sendo os mais intensos observados nos meses de janeiro, fevereiro e dezembro de 2011. Os registos do contador ótico, feitos em intervalos de 5 min, revelaram que durante os eventos de poeira as concentrações médias horárias das partículas PM10 e PM2.5 podem ultrapassar os 700 μg/m3 e 200 μg/m3, respetivamente. Com base nos resultados do método ótico, as contribuições das frações granulométricas PM1, PM(1-2.5) e PM(2.5-10) para a massa de PM10 foram estimadas em cerca de 11 %, 28 % e 61 %, respetivamente. A composição química do aerossol varia consideravelmente ao longo do ano e revela a predominância das partículas minerais e do sal marinho. Com base em cálculos do balanço mássico das espécies químicas, as contribuições dos dois constituintes maioritários para a massa de PM10 foram estimadas em cerca de 47 % (partículas minerais) e 17 % (sal marinho). O aerossol secundário (NO3-, NH4+ e fração não marinha do SO42) e o aerossol carbonáceo (EC + OC) contribuem cada um com cerca de 4 % e 3 %, respetivamente. A fração mássica restante (cerca de 29 %), corresponde aos constituintes não analisados, podendo a água ser a mais importante neste grupo. A análise química das amostras segregadas por tamanho revela a seguinte composição para as partículas PM1, PM(1-2.5) e PM(2.5-10): 5,2, 11,8 e 20,7 % (constituintes do sal marinho); 8,6, 3,7 e 3,1 % (iões secundários); 8,9, 1,5 e 1,3 % (EC + OC).

Sabine Müller / Marcus Pietsch / Wilfried Bos (Hrsg.): Schulinspektion in Deutschland, Eine Zwischenbilanz aus empirischer Sicht. Münster / New York / München / Berlin: Waxmann 2011 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Sabine Müller / Marcus Pietsch / Wilfried Bos (Hrsg.): Schulinspektion in Deutschland, Eine Zwischenbilanz aus empirischer Sicht, Münster / New York / München / Berlin: Waxmann 2011 (262 S.; ISBN 978-3-8309-2542-2)