Revue critique d'instruments pour evaluer la douleur chez les personnes cérébrolésées non communicantes aux soins intensifs [Critical review of instruments to assess pain in the non communicative brain injured persons in intensive care].

The purpose of this review is to critically appraise the pain assessment tools for non communicative persons in intensive care available in the literature and to determine their relevance for those with brain injury. Nursing and medical electronic databases were searched to identify pain tools, with a description of psychometric proprieties, in English and French. Seven of the ten tools were considered relevant and systematically evaluated according to the criteria and the indicators in the following five areas: conceptualisation, target population, feasibility and clinical utility, reliability and validity. Results indicate a number of well designed pain tools, but additional work is necessary to establish their accuracy and adequacy for the brain injured non communicative person in intensive care. Recommendations are made to choose the best tool for clinical practice and for research.

Perfusion-CT guided intravenous thrombolysis in patients with unknown-onset stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot feasibility trial.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with unknown stroke onset are generally excluded from acute recanalisation treatments. We designed a pilot study to assess feasibility of a trial of perfusion computed tomography (PCT)-guided thrombolysis in patients with ischemic tissue at risk of infarction and unknown stroke onset. METHODS: Patients with a supratentorial stroke of unknown onset in the middle cerebral artery territory and significant volume of at-risk tissue on PCT were randomized to intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase (0.9 mg/kg) or placebo. Feasibility endpoints were randomization and blinded treatment of patients within 2 h after hospital arrival, and the correct application (estimation) of the perfusion imaging criteria. RESULTS: At baseline, there was a trend towards older age [69.5 (57-78) vs. 49 (44-78) years] in the thrombolysis group (n = 6) compared to placebo (n = 6). Regarding feasibility, hospital arrival to treatment delay was above the allowed 2 h in three patients (25%). There were two protocol violations (17%) regarding PCT, both underestimating the predicted infarct in patients randomized in the placebo group. No symptomatic hemorrhage or death occurred during the first 7 days. Three of the four (75%) and one of the five (20%) patients were recanalized in the thrombolysis and placebo group respectively. The volume of non-infarcted at-risk tissue was 84 (44-206) cm(3) in the treatment arm and 29 (8-105) cm(3) in the placebo arm. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study shows that a randomized PCT-guided thrombolysis trial in patients with stroke of unknown onset may be feasible if issues such as treatment delays and reliable identification of tissue at risk of infarction tissue are resolved. Safety and efficiency of such an approach need to be established.

Analyse des données du Dispositif Cantonal d'Indication et de Suivi pour les personnes Toxicodépendantes (DCIST) : 2010-2012

Le Dispositif Cantonal d'Indication et de Suivi pour les personnes Toxicodépendantes (DCIST) est un outil central de la politique de prévention et de lutte contre la toxicodépendance dans le canton de Vaud a. Ses principaux objectifs sont : Améliorer l'adéquation entre l'offre de prestations et les besoins des usagers; Améliorer la coordination des prestations sociales et médicales en développant le travail en réseau, aussi bien dans la prise en charge de l'usager que dans son suivi et son maintien dans le réseau social et médical. Le DCIST a donc pour but de renforcer le rôle du canton de Vaud dans le pilotage et la planification des prestations dans le domaine de l'aide aux personnes dépendantes et s'adresse à toute personne toxicodépendante, avec ou sans problématique d'alcool associée, ayant un projet de prise en charge dans un établissement socio-éducatif (ESE). Le passage par ce dispositif est également un préalable nécessaire à l'octroi d'une garantie financière par le SPAS dans le cadre des séjours résidentiels.

Les sourires à trois: une entrée dans l'alliance père-mère-bébé et thérapeute-couple: implications pour la clinique

L'étude de l'alliance familiale entre père, mère et nourrisson peut servir de modèle pour comprendre les conditions qui favorisent ou défavorisent la formation de l'alliance thérapeutique entre un thérapeute et un couple ou d'autres systèmes plus complexes. La communication implicite qui passe par les signaux affectifs y joue un rôle fondamental. Nos recherches ont montré quel 'analyse des épisodes de sourires à trois est une voie d'entrée pour l'évaluation de l'alliance père-mère-nourrisson et l'alliance thérapeute-couple.

Quelle place pour la psychothérapie dans la psychiatrie publique [What place for psychotherapy in public psychiatry?].

The question of the place of psychotherapy in psychiatric public care is posed in this article. We will address this question first by presenting two clinical and research programmes which were implemented in a clinical psychiatric unit, section Karl Jaspers (Service of General Psychiatry) of the Department of Psychiatry CHUV, in Lausanne with the collaboration of the University Institute of Psychotherapy. The first one puts forward psychodynamic psychotherapy of depressed inpatients; the clinical programme and the research questions on efficacy of this treatment are discussed. The second focuses on the early treatment of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder, in particular in its research question on the effect of the motive-oriented therapeutic relationship in this process. We conclude by underlining the convergences of the two programmes.

Standardization of Stroke Perfusion CT for Reperfusion Therapy

With the advances in terms of perfusion imaging, the "time is brain" approach used for acute reperfusion therapy in ischemic stroke patients is slowly being replaced by a "penumbra is brain" or "imaging is brain" approach. But the concept of penumbra-guided reperfusion therapy has not been validated. The lack of standardization in penumbral imaging is one of the main contributing factors for this absence of validation. This article reviews the issues underlying the lack of standardization of perfusion-CT for penumbra imaging, and offers avenues to remedy this situation