Lecture de l’heure et incapacités intellectuelles : Cahier des Charges d’un cadran évolutif

La présente étude s’inscrit à l’intérieur du programme de recherche mené par le Groupe DÉFI Apprentissage (GDA) de l’Université de Montréal. Notre projet avait pour buts de réaliser les deux premières phases précédant la conception d’une ressource pédagogique qui offrira à l’enfant (6 à 12 ans qui a des incapacités intellectuelles) et à son entourage un dispositif temporel évolutif pour l’initier à la lecture de l’heure et à la gestion des activités de son horaire quotidien à l’âge approprié. Depuis quelques années, maints organismes tels que l’American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) , la Classification internationale des déficiences, incapacités et handicaps (CIDIH) de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), le Ministère de l’éducation, des loisirs et des sports du Québec (MELS) ainsi que le Réseau international sur le processus de production du handicap (RIPPH) soutiennent que les chercheurs doivent s’attarder aux composantes impliquées dans l’interaction Personne-Milieu pour concevoir des stratégies d’intervention auprès de diverses populations qui éprouvent des limitations. Notre recherche adoptera cette démarche en s’appuyant sur les assises suivantes : cadre méthodologique (analyse de la valeur pédagogique), cadre conceptuel (écologie de l’éducation et processus de production du handicap) et cadre technologique (ergonomie).

Evaluating Greek primary school textbooks used to teach students with learning disabilities

Evaluaci??n de los libros de texto de Educaci??n Primaria griegos utilizados en la ense??anza de los estudiantes con dificultades de aprendizaje. La evaluaci??n de los libros de texto en cuanto a su cumplimiento de las normas basadas en la evidencia de dise??o instruccional, y en cuanto a su idoneidad para acomodar las diversas necesidades educativas de los diversos grupos de la poblaci??n escolar, se considera un medio importante de mejorar la calidad de los servicios educativos incluyendo a estudiantes con discapacidades de aprendizaje. En el presente trabajo, se explican los resultados de las evaluaciones de los libros de texto de Lengua y Matem??ticas que se utilizan en los tres primeros grados de la escuela griega primaria para ense??ar a los estudiantes con y sin dificultades de aprendizaje. La evaluaci??n se bas?? en los siguientes criterios: claridad de objetivos de instrucci??n, el examen de conocimientos previos, explicitaci??n de las explicaciones de instrucci??n, la suficiencia de los ejemplos de ense??anza, la introducci??n de conceptos adicionales y capacidades, la adecuaci??n de la pr??ctica guiada, la eficacia de la pr??ctica independiente, y la adecuaci??n de los conocimientos. Seg??n los resultados, los libros de texto no cumplen en cuatro de los ocho criterios revisados, en concreto los criterios de la claridad de los objetivos de instrucci??n, la explicitud de las explicaciones de instrucci??n, la introducci??n de conceptos adicionales y habilidades, y la conveniencia de revisar los conocimientos. Bas??ndose en estos resultados, el punto de vista puede considerarse que los libros de texto evaluados presentan considerables deficiencias e insuficiencias, lo que exige la aplicaci??n de modificaciones sustanciales en varios par??metros de dise??o de la instrucci??n cuando se utilizan para ense??ar a los estudiantes con dificultades de aprendizaje. Se discuten los efectos de estas deficiencias.

La muerte en la psicoterapia fenomenológico-existencial

El siguiente trabajo pretende, mediante la revisión de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas, mostrar las distintas categorías en las que la muerte se trabaja dentro de la psicoterapia fenomenológico existencial. Es así como se hace un recorrido por los antecedentes filosóficos de este enfoque psicoterapéutico, las diferentes escuelas que dentro de él se desarrollan y sus planteamientos frente a la muerte, las maneras de morir, la muerte y el ciclo vital, y los avances actuales como la Teoría del Manejo del Terror (TMT) . Todos estos elementos se revisan para después ser relacionados y así proponer una serie de acciones prácticas a llevar a cabo dentro del encuentro psicoterapéutico con miras a un trabajo adecuado y productivo con la muerte desde una perspectiva existencial.

The biofeedback use in motor learning of people with spinal cord injury

The use of biofeedback in the spinal cord injuryperson rehabilitation has been increasing eventhough there are no data about the effi cacy of suchtechnique. The study aimed to evaluate the effi cacyof the technique in the motor rehabilitation ofspinal cord injured patients with different lesions.Using case studies, three participants, two paraplegicsand one quadriplegic, with different lesionlevels and degrees of defi ciency were exposed toelectromyography biofeedback training sessions.Data were obtained from the training sessions withbiofeedback, from three manual test examinationsof the muscles straight and from the reports of theparticipants after the training process. These sourcesof data were compared and the results of all thethree different sources showed improvement forall the participants. The study concluded that theelectromyography biofeedback technique can bean important tool in the rehabilitation process ofpatients with this kind of lesion.

Current status of knowledge about suicide in people with cancer

Aim: To review the current knowledge about suicide in cancer patients. Method: We searchedspecialized databases using keywords for articles published in the last two decades (1990-2010),and compiled and reviewed them in order to: indicate the prevalence of suicide in cancer patientsworldwide and in Colombia, differentiating the data by sex and age; establish the types of cancerthat are associated with suicide, identify risk factors for committing or considering suicide andpresent the strategies of professional and psychological intervention directed at cancer patientswith suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The present article is a review of the information on thesubject. Results: We found that: in cancer patients, the suicide rate is two times higher thanin the general population; depression, suicidal ideation and location of cancer are some of therisk factors for suicide, and there is a lack of published guidelines for professional managementof the suicidal patient with cancer. Conclusion: The need to carry out research on the topic ofsuicide in cancer patients was established.

Effect of joint mobilization on the H Reflex amplitude in people with spasticity

Objective: To determine the effect of ankle joint mobilization on the H reflex amplitude of thesoleus muscle in people with spasticity. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study withcrossover design and simple masking was conducted in 24 randomized subjects to initiate thecontrol or experimental group. Traction and rhythmic oscillation were applied for five minutesto the ankle joint. H wave amplitude changes of Hoffmann reflex (electrical equivalent of themonosynaptic spinal reflex) was assessed, stimulating the tibial nerve at the level of the poplitealfossa and recording in the soleus muscle. In each subject 12 measurements were taken: basalrate, during and after mobilization. Changes in H reflex amplitude were calculated in relationto basal measurement. For each measurement a hypothesis test was performed (Student t test).Results: In groups of patients with brain injury and incomplete spinal cord injury, a significantdifference was found between measurements of both studies, concerning variation in H reflexamplitude during the application of joint mobilization techniques, with a decrease in the experimentalgroup and an increase in the control group. In contrast, no significant differences werefound after mobilization therapy. Patients with complete spinal cord injury showed no significantdifferences in any measurements. Conclusion: We demonstrate the effectiveness of jointmobilization in the decrease of H reflex amplitude in patients with brain injury or incompletespinal cord injury during the mobilization maneuver, but no residual effect after completion ofthe trial. This research showed no evidence regarding excitability reduction in complete spinalcord injury. We suggest that therapeutic interventions to decrease muscle tone based on the jointmobilization should be reconsidered.

'To get somewhere in life' : marginalized youth people with successful trajectories of education in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. ''Llegar a algún lugar en la vida' : jóvenes marginados con éxito en sus trayectorias de educación en Río Grande del Sur, Brasil'.

Monográfico con el título: 'Desde la diversidad hacia la desigualdad: ¿destino inexorable de la globalización?'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Supporting Students with Learning Disabilities to Explore Linear Relationships using Online Learning Objects. 'Apoyando a estudiantes con problemas de aprendizaje para explorar relaciones lineales mediante el uso de objetos de aprendizaje en línea'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Explaining grammatical difficulties in intellectual disabilities

Resumen en inglés. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

A shift to randomness of brain oscillations in people with autism

BACKGROUND: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables investigation of the intrinsic functional organization of the brain. Fractal parameters such as the Hurst exponent, H, describe the complexity of endogenous low-frequency fMRI time series on a continuum from random (H = .5) to ordered (H = 1). Shifts in fractal scaling of physiological time series have been associated with neurological and cardiac conditions. METHODS: Resting-state fMRI time series were recorded in 30 male adults with an autism spectrum condition (ASC) and 33 age- and IQ-matched male volunteers. The Hurst exponent was estimated in the wavelet domain and between-group differences were investigated at global and voxel level and in regions known to be involved in autism. RESULTS: Complex fractal scaling of fMRI time series was found in both groups but globally there was a significant shift to randomness in the ASC (mean H = .758, SD = .045) compared with neurotypical volunteers (mean H = .788, SD = .047). Between-group differences in H, which was always reduced in the ASC group, were seen in most regions previously reported to be involved in autism, including cortical midline structures, medial temporal structures, lateral temporal and parietal structures, insula, amygdala, basal ganglia, thalamus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Severity of autistic symptoms was negatively correlated with H in retrosplenial and right anterior insular cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Autism is associated with a small but significant shift to randomness of endogenous brain oscillations. Complexity measures may provide physiological indicators for autism as they have done for other medical conditions.