463 resultados para Mortalitiy registries
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Este projeto foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Patologia Experimental do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), com a aprovação da Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do HCPA e com apoio financeiro parcial do Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa e Eventos do HCPA (FIPE). O experimento 1, chamado de projeto piloto, teve como objetivo implementar a técnica de IHQ para identificar a Listeria monocytogenes (L.m.), utilizando anticorpo policlonal antilisteria monocytogenes (Biodesig ). Vários testes foram realizados para acertar a diluição (1:1000) que foi diferente da preconizada pelo fabricante. Os blocos de parafina, de dez placentas provenientes de parto prematuro ou aborto foram utilizados para os cortes histológicos e a preparação das lâminas para a coloração Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE) e imunoistoquímica (IHQ). As lâminas foram identificadas por números para resguardar a identidade das pacientes. O resultado do HE mostrou alterações inflamatórias em oito placentas e L. m. foi identificada pelo IHQ em cinco dessas placentas. O objetivo do 2º experimento foi identificar a L. m. em tecido nervoso cerebral de ruminantes, utilizando a técnica implementada no projeto piloto. O material utilizado neste trabalho foi cedido pelo Setor de Patologia Veterinária do Departamento de Patologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Os casos estudados (2 ovinos, 1 caprino e 2 bovinos) tinham suspeitas clínicas diversas e as necropsias dos animais evidenciaram aspectos sugestivos da doença. Os cinco casos foram confirmados pelo IHQ, comprovando a importância da utilização desta técnica para o diagnóstico da listeriose no SNC de ruminantes. O 3º experimento objetivou identificar a L. m. em placentas encaminhadas ao Serviço de Patologia do HCPA no ano 2000. Da mesma forma que no experimento 1, as lâminas foram identificadas por números. Após o levantamento realizado nos registros dos exames anatomopatológicos (AP) deste setor, observou-se que 714 AP eram de placentas provenientes de aborto, parto prematuro e nascimento a termo examinados naquele período. Foram sorteados 254 AP para análise através de HE, revelando que 148 desses AP apresentavam alterações inflamatórias (corioamnionite, vilite e deciduite). Os blocos destas placentas foram utilizados para fazer as lâminas e realizar IHQ. A consulta aos prontuários dos casos com alterações inflamatórias permitiu observar que um deles tinha a confirmação bacteriológica de L. m. na placenta, tornando-se este o controle positivo. O controle negativo foi selecionado entre aqueles sorteados que não apresentavam alterações inflamatórias. A presença de L. m. foi identificada em 33,78% das placentas analisadas pela técnica IHQ. Corioamnionite e vilite foram as alterações inflamatórias que mostraram diferença estatística significativa nas placentas positivas. L. m. estava presente nas placentas de 1º, 2º e 3º trimestres gestacionais. A idade das gestantes, casos de aborto e/ou parto prematuro não mostraram diferença estatística significativa com a presença ou ausência de L. m. nas placentas. Abortos habituais ocorreram em pacientes com ou sem L. m. no tecido placentário. Conclusão: a técnica de imunohistoquímica pode ser utilizada para confirmar o diagnóstico histopatológico de listeriose em placentas e tecido nervoso central de ruminantes.
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A leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) acomete pacientes de todas as faixas etárias com freqüência aumentada em idosos. Nosso estado não apresenta registros sistemáticos da patologia, justificando-se desta forma o levantamento através dos centros de diagnóstico e tratamento, os quais concentram a maioria dos casos. Foram incluídos todos os pacientes com diagnóstico de LMA “de novo” levantados a partir dos registros dos centros de diagnóstico e tratamento da patologia no estado no período entre 1996 e 2000. Foram computados no período 532 pacientes (taxa estimada de 1,04 casos / 100.000 habitantes / ano). A idade média ao diagnóstico foi 41,0 anos e 46,6 % dos casos eram do sexo masculino. Houve distribuição semelhante nas 7 mesorregiões geográficas do estado. Em relação ao número de casos por faixa etária, observou-se uma taxa estimada em 0,5 – 1 caso / 100.000 habitantes até a faixa etária dos 45 anos, atingindo 3,5 casos / 100.000 habitantes na faixa etária igual ou superior a 70 anos. A sobrevida média considerando todos os casos foi de 17%, aumentando para 25% considerando a população abaixo de 60 anos e alcançando 40% na população entre 10 e 20 anos. Tais dados evidenciam uma distribuição semelhante por região, estimativa de incidência na faixa infantil semelhante a países desenvolvidos e bastante menor na população idosa. A mortalidade geral foi semelhante àquela relatada na literatura.
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VITULLO, Nadia Aurora Vanti. Avaliação do banco de dissertações e teses da Associação Brasileira de Antropologia: uma análise cienciométrica. 2001. 143 f. Dissertaçao (Mestrado) - Curso de Mestrado em Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, 2001.
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This paper intents to investigate the repercussions of the Pró-Letramento - Alphabetization and Language Course Program in the practices and conceptions of alphabetization of learning teachers, according to their own perspectives. The program, part of the National Formation Network of the Education Ministry, in partnership with public universities since 2006, is destined to aid the formation of teachers acting in the first three years of public basic education, with the goal of qualifying them to work with alphabetization and improve quality of learning processes and results. This investigation adopted the qualitative research paradigm as well as the Case Study methodology, being our empirical field a Belém do Brejo do Cruz/PB public school. The subjects are five Program graduation female teachers, including the tutor-trainer and four graduated teachers that already teach in the first three years of basic education. The data, gathered with documental analysis, individual and collective semi-structured interview, and non-participant observation, were analyzed according with Speech Analysis principals. Based on those principals, we intersected teachers enunciations, observation sessions registries and the Program s propositions and built interpretations based on theorization taken as fundaments of the investigation, among which we highlight: studies on a criticalreflexive perspective of a teacher s formation; continued formation as a permanent development process; the principals of historical-cultural approach on alphabetization processes and development with the centrality of language; alphabetization in a interactionist approach. The analysis focused on the Program s repercussions: 1) in the teachers conceptions about: 1.1) learning; 1.2) Alphabetization and literacy; and in the practices and conceptions related to: 1.3) alphabetization in a literacy perspective and 1.4) appropriation of the writing system. The corpus analysis evidenced relations of continuity and discontinuity, approach and distancing between the teachers conceptions and the Program s propositions, as well as conceptions/significance of their speeches and related or observed practices. Observing teachers elaborations evidences the repercussion of the Program s formation, whilst also showing gaps and mismatches in their appropriation process in concepts/assumptions as well as teaching propositions. These mismatches involve interaction relationships between teachers and students, with their possibilities and limitations surrounding the Program s knowledge objects complexity, also linking to the social, economical, political, and cultural conditions that involve both the implementation of the Program in each context and the conditions in which alphabetization in public schools are developed, demanding permanent and accompanied formation processes, investments to improve work conditions and valuing teaching
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Este estudo avalia os fatores maternos e fetais envolvidos na transmissão vertical do HIV-1 em 47 pares de mãe e filho. As variáveis comportamentais, demográficas e obstétricas foram obtidas mediante entrevista; os dados referentes ao parto e ao recém-nascido, dos prontuários das maternidades. Durante o terceiro trimestre de gestação foi realizada a contagem da carga viral materna e dos linfócitos T CD4+. A média de idade foi de 25 anos e 23,4% das gestantes eram primigestas, e o fator comportamental mais prevalente foi não usar preservativos. Dentre as gestantes, 48,9% tinham células CD4+ superior a 500 células/mm³ e 93,6% se enquadravam na categoria clínica A; 95,7% submeteram-se à profilaxia com zidovudina durante a gestação ou no parto, a qual foi ministrada a todos os recém-nascidos; 50,0% delas foram submetidas à cesárea eletiva. Apesar de expostas a vários fatores de risco e protetores, nenhuma criança tornou-se infectada. A transmissão vertical resulta de um desequilíbrio entre os fatores, com predomínio dos de risco sobre os protetores.
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BackgroundEndodontic treatment, involves removal of the dental pulp and its replacement by a root canal filling. Restoration of root filled teeth can be challenging due to structural differences between vital and non-vital root filled teeth. Direct restoration involves placement of a restorative material e.g. amalgam or composite directly into the tooth. Indirect restorations consist of cast metal or ceramic (porcelain) crowns. The choice of restoration depends on the amount of remaining tooth which may influence long term survival and cost. The comparative in service clinical performance of crowns or conventional fillings used to restore root filled teeth is unclear.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of restoration of endodontically treated teeth (with or without post and core) by crowns versus conventional filling materials.Search methodsWe searched the following databases: the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE via OVID, EMBASE via OVID, CINAHL via EBSCO, LILACS via BIREME and the reference lists of articles as well as ongoing trials registries. There were no restrictions regarding language or date of publication. Date of last search was 13 February 2012.Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-randomised controlled trials in participants with permanent teeth which have undergone endodontic treatment. Single full coverage crowns compared with any type of filling materials for direct restoration, as well as indirect partial restorations (e.g. inlays and onlays). Comparisons considered the type of post and core used (cast or prefabricated post), if any.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data.Main resultsOne trial judged to be at high risk of bias due to missing outcome data, was included. 117 participants with a root filled premolar tooth restored with a carbon fibre post, were randomised to either a full coverage metal-ceramic crown or direct adhesive composite restoration. At 3 years there was no reported difference between the non-catastrophic failure rates in both groups. Decementation of the post and marginal gap formation occurred in a small number of teeth.Authors' conclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of conventional fillings over crowns for the restoration of root filled teeth. Until more evidence becomes available clinicians should continue to base decisions on how to restore root filled teeth on their own clinical experience, whilst taking into consideration the individual circumstances and preferences of their patients.
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Homens com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) podem apresentar diminuição dos níveis de testosterona devido à hipóxia. OBJETIVOS: Relacionar os níveis séricos da testosterona, em pacientes com SAOS, com parâmetros clínico-laboratoriais. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram revisados 103 prontuários de pacientes com SAOS, entre os anos de 2002 e 2009, e coletados os seguintes dados: idade à época da realização da polissonografia, valores do Hematócrito e Hemoglobina, nível sérico da testosterona total, IMC, índice de apneia/hipopneia(IAH) e SatO2. FORMA do ESTUDO: Estudo de casos retrospectivo em corte transversal. RESULTADOS: 79 pacientes (77%) não apresentaram alteração hormonal e 24 (23%) apresentaram níveis séricos inferiores. Dos pacientes com testosterona normal 70% estavam com sobrepeso, enquanto que 63% com testosterona alterada apresentaram obesidade grau I (p<0,05). Os pacientes com testosterona alterada apresentaram as dosagens médias do Ht e da Hb e dos níveis médios do andrógeno significantemente inferiores aos dos pacientes sem alteração androgênica. A média do IMC dos pacientes com alteração hormonal foi significativamente maior que a média daqueles sem alteração. CONCLUSÃO: A relação entre o perfil sérico da testosterona matinal e a obesidade e, em menor grau, a idade, o IAH e a hipóxia, podem ser responsáveis pela supressão central da testosterona nesses pacientes. A queda dos valores hematimétricos pode ser relacionada aos baixos níveis circulantes da testosterona.
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BACKGROUND: Retrospective analysis of human toxicity files involving topical medicines for treatment of upper airways diseases (eardrops, topical nasal medicines, lozenges, drops and sprays for oropharyngeal affections). METHODS: Thirty-four brands of eardrops, 48 of topical nasal medicines and 22 of tablets, lozenges and sprays for oropharyngeal affections were selected, from a total of 104 products available in Brazil. We analyzed the registries in the electronic database from the Poison Control Centre of São Paulo (CCI-Jabaquara), Brazil, for the period from January 1996 through December 2000. The cases related to selected pharmaceuticals were collected. RESULTS: 10,823 cases of human toxicity caused by medicines were voluntarily reported to CCI-Jabaquara. Topical medicines for treatment of upper airways diseases accounted for 291 cases (2.68%), from which 240 (82.5%) represented poisoning; 12 (4.1%) involved ear drops, 268 (92%), topical nasal medicines and 11 (3.9%), topical medicines for oropharyngeal affections. Among topical nasal medicines, vasoconstrictors predominated (233 cases), and among medicines for oropharyngeal affections, it was tetracaine (four cases). Considering age distribution, toxicity predominated significantly in children aged from 1 to 4 years (p=0.0003). The main causes of toxicity were: accidental intake of medicines (43%) and error in drug administration (14.8%). Hypereflexia and vomiting were the most frequent symptoms related to toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: There was significant incidence of systemic toxicity due to eardrops, topical nasal and oropharyngeal medicines in children 1 to 4 years-old, whose main cause was accidental intake of these medicines.
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In recent years, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has been increasingly recognised in various paediatric autoimmune and nonautoimmune diseases, but the relatively low prevalence and heterogeneity of APS in childhood made it very difficult to study in a systematic way. The project of an international registry of paediatric patients with APS (the Ped-APS Registry) was initiated in 2004 to foster and conduct multicentre, controlled studies with large number of paediatric APS patients. The Ped-APS Registry is organised as a collaborative project of the European Forum on Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Working Group of the Paediatric Rheumatology European Society. Currently, it documents a standardised clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data of 133 children with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL)-related thrombosis from 14 countries. The priority projects for future research of the Ped-APS Registry include prospective enrolment of new patients with aPL-related thrombosis, assessment of differences between the paediatric and adult APS, evaluation of proinflammatory genotype as a risk factor for APS manifestations in childhood and evaluation of patients with isolated nonthrombotic aPL-related manifestations. © The Author(s), 2009.
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The prenatal assistance is one of the health care pillars. This study aimed to conduct a critical evaluation of the SIS Prenatal in a city of São Paulo State, to compare its data with the local assistance and to verify the registry of pregnant women attended at Health Care Centers. It was analyzed the pregnant women records through consultation at Health Regional Unit and municipal health service. There were inconsistencies between the system and local registry. The failures were related to the inadequate filling of attendance files, besides scarce control of pregnant women files and scheduling on health centers. The results suggest the need for better planning of actions for the improvement of prenatal service quality.
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Background: The Brazilian Health System is organized on a regional and hierarchical form with three levels of complexity of health care. The Primary Care represents the first element of a continuing health care process, complemented by specialized actions. However, the centrality of the specialized care is still a problem in Brazil, especially in the private sector. Studies on the distribution of professionals in the health system allowing the formulation of appropriate policies are needed. Objectives: To investigate the distribution of physical therapists in the levels of complexity of health care and between public and private establishments, according to data from the National Register of Health Service Providers (NRHSP). Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed considering NRHSP-national bank data collected in March 2010 and demographic census 2010 data. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics techniques. Results: We identified 53,181 registries of physical therapists, 60% linked to the private sector. Only 13% of all entries were linked to primary care. The predominance in specialized care occurred in the public sector (65%) and private sector (100%). The specialized establishments of private sector linked to the southeast region (16,043) were the main sites of physical therapists. Only the public sector in the south had a majority in the Primary Care. When considering the sizes of the cities, there is focus on specialist care in bigger cities. Conclusions: This study identified the concentration of physical therapists in the specialized care, mostly in metropolis and big cities and in the private sector, with restricted to participation in the primary care.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB