A new insight about pharmaceutical dosage forms for benzathine penicillin G

In this work, a micellar system of benzathine penicillin G (BPG) in sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) was developed and evaluated physicochemically. The solubility profile of the drug in water and buffer solutions at various pH was determined, as well as its n-octanol/water partition coefficient. The Critical Micellar Concentration of NaDC and its ability to incorporate BPG were also assessed. The study was carried out at low and high ionic strength which was adjusted by the addition of sodium chloride. The results demonstrated the ability of the micellar system to incorporate BPG, as well as to increase its apparent solubility in water. The enhancement of the solubility of BPG by the presence of NaDC micelles could be analyzed quantitatively within the framework of the pseudo-phase model. Concentration analysis showed that the micellar system could attain up to 90% incorporation of BPG. The incorporated drug is expected to exhibit improved stability, since the antibiotic enclosed in the hydrophobic core of micelles is rather shielded from the aqueous external environment

Modelo para distribuição de recursos nos municípios brasileiros baseado na lei de diretrizes orçamentárias, análise multicritério e programação linear

The municipal management in any country of the globe requires planning and allocation of resources evenly. In Brazil, the Law of Budgetary Guidelines (LDO) guides municipal managers toward that balance. This research develops a model that seeks to find the balance of the allocation of public resources in Brazilian municipalities, considering the LDO as a parameter. For this using statistical techniques and multicriteria analysis as a first step in order to define allocation strategies, based on the technical aspects arising from the municipal manager. In a second step, presented in linear programming based optimization where the objective function is derived from the preference of the results of the manager and his staff. The statistical representation is presented to support multicriteria development in the definition of replacement rates through time series. The multicriteria analysis was structured by defining the criteria, alternatives and the application of UTASTAR methods to calculate replacement rates. After these initial settings, an application of linear programming was developed to find the optimal allocation of enforcement resources of the municipal budget. Data from the budget of a municipality in southwestern Paraná were studied in the application of the model and analysis of results.

Les stratégies syndicales face aux restructurations d’entreprises : une étude comparative des contre-pouvoirs syndicaux dans le secteur des équipementiers automobiles en France et au Canada

Cette thèse tente de comprendre l’impact des restructurations des entreprises multinationales sur les stratégies syndicales. Les acteurs syndicaux locaux sont-ils déterminés par l’appartenance à des régimes nationaux et à des contingences organisationnelles ou peuvent-ils influencer des décisions objectives comme les restructurations ? Cette recherche s’insère dans une problématique large qui fait la jonction entre la mondialisation économique sur une base continentale, la réorganisation productive des entreprises multinationales et l’action syndicale. Au plan théorique, nous confrontons trois grandes approches analytiques, à savoir : le néo-institutionnalisme et les structures d’opportunités ; l’économie politique critique et la question du pouvoir syndical ; la géographie économique critique mettant de l’avant les contingences, l’encastrement et l’espace concurrentiel. Sur la base de ces trois familles, nous présentons un modèle d’analyse multidisciplinaire. Au plan méthodologique, cette thèse est structurée autour de quatre études de cas locales qui ont subi des menaces de restructurations. Cette collecte a été effectuée dans deux pays (la France et le Canada) et dans un secteur particulier (les équipementiers automobiles). Trois sources qualitatives forment le cœur empirique de cette thèse : des statistiques descriptives, des documents de sources secondaires et des entretiens semi-dirigés (44), principalement avec des acteurs syndicaux. L’analyse intra et inter régime national éclaire plusieurs aspects de la question des stratégies syndicales en contexte de restructurations. Les principales contributions de cette thèse touchent : 1. l’impact des facteurs relationnels et des ressources de pouvoir développées par les syndicats locaux sur les structures d’opportunités institutionnelles; 2. l’importance des aspects « cognitifs » et d’envisager le pouvoir de manière multi-niveaux; 3. l’importance de l’encastrement social et des dynamiques relationnelles entre syndicats et patronats; 4. l’influence de la concurrence internationale/nationale/régionale/locale dans le secteur des équipementiers automobiles; et 5. l’importance des arbitrages et des relations entre les acteurs de l’entreprise par rapport à la théorie de la contingence pour comprendre les marges structurelles des syndicats locaux. Notre recherche invite les acteurs sociaux à repenser leur action dans le cadre des restructurations. En particulier, les syndicats locaux se doivent d’explorer de nouveaux répertoires stratégiques pour répondre aux nombreux défis que posent le changement économique et les restructurations.

Análise da produção de carga líquida e sólida na bacia do ribeirão do Gama- DF através do modelo SWAT

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, 2016.

A Convocação e a Mobilização no Exército Português – subsídios para o futuro

A redução dos efetivos permanentes das Forças Armadas reforça a necessidade de mecanismos que garantam o seu crescimento. Desses mecanismos, a Convocação e a Mobilização no Exército Português constituiu-se como o objeto de estudo do presente trabalho. Com o objetivo da investigação de identificar contributos para adequar o modelo de Convocação e Mobilização aos desafios futuros, as análises ao atual modelo nacional, espanhol, britânico e francês, permitem identificar procedimentos de melhoria. A metodologia utilizada, baseada na análise documental complementada por entrevistas e inquéritos, permite determinar comportamentos das dimensões Qualidade e Oportunidade do modelo nacional. A análise aos ambientes interno e externo, assim como aos seus intervenientes, contribuem para a identificação de potencialidades, vulnerabilidades, oportunidades e desafios futuros a enfrentar. A existência de contributos, tendo em vista a melhoria das dimensões Qualidade e Oportunidade do modelo de Convocação e Mobilização do Exército, constituem-se como resultado principal da investigação. Concluiu-se que a Convocação para treino e o recrutamento seletivo, aceites pela maioria dos militares não permanentes inquiridos, depende de bases de dados adequadas. Simultaneamente, a dispersão territorial e o recrutamento regional, a par de uma estratégia de comunicação específica, permitem o incremento do voluntariado e uma adequada resposta a situações de calamidade. Abstract: The reduction of the permanent Armed Forces troops reinforces the need for mechanisms to ensure their growth. With these mechanisms, the Convocation and the Mobilization in the Portuguese Army was established as the present object of study work. With the aim of the investigation to identify contributions to bring the Convocation and Mobilization model to future challenges, the analyses of the current national model, Spanish, British and French, allow us to identify improvement procedures. The methodology, based on document analysis, complemented by interviews and surveys, allows us to determine behaviour of the Quality and Opportunity dimensions of the national model. The analysis of the internal and external environments, as well as their stakeholders, contribute for the identification of strength, weakness, opportunities and challenges to be faced in the future. The existence of contributions, in order to improve the Quality and Opportunity dimensions of the Army Convocation and Mobilization model, constitute themselves as the main outcome of this investigation. We concluded that the Convocation for training and selective recruitment, accepted by the majority of non-permanent personnel questioned, depends on appropriate databases. Simultaneously, the territorial dispersion and regional recruitment, along with a dedicated strategic communication, allow the growth of volunteerism and an appropriate response to calamity situations.

O director de turma como actor socioeducativo: as necessidades de acompanhamento escolar dos alunos

Dissertação de mest. em Observação e Análise da Relação Educativa, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2003

As Forças Armadas de Cabo Verde : Missões de interesse público e a colaboração com entidades civis

O presente trabalho de investigação pretende analisar as missões das Forças Armadas de Cabo Verde e a colaboração com as entidades civis na realização das designadas “Outras Missões de Interesse Público”, em prol da segurança e do desenvolvimento de Cabo Verde. O trabalho começa com a revisão de literatura, fazendo-se o enquadramento geoestratégico e geopolítico de Cabo Verde, o enquadramento das Outras Missões de Interesse Pública imputadas às Forças Armadas de Cabo Verde com recurso à Constituição da República de Cabo Verde, Conceito Estratégico de Defesa e Segurança Nacional e o Regime Geral das Forças Armadas. De seguida, apresenta-se a colaboração das Forças Armadas com as Forças e Serviços de Segurança e Sistema Nacional de Proteção Civil. Abordam-se ainda os conceitos de segurança, defesa, ameaça e risco, tendo por base o modelo Português. De acordo com o modelo de análise aplicado, conclui-se que as Forças Armadas cabo-verdianas participam ativamente na realização das Outras Missões de Interesse Público em colaboração com entidades civil, nomeadamente as Forças e Serviços de Segurança, autarquias locais e empresas privadas que prestam serviço público, e maioria das vezes em regime permanente. As Forças Armadas possuem várias capacidades e meios para realização das Outras Missões de Interesse Público, e apresentam alguns constrangimentos, nomeadamente: a falta de pessoal, recursos financeiros e alguns meios técnicos (transportes, unidades de engenharia e meios de telecomunicação). Num país como Cabo Verde, a participação das Forças Armadas nestas missões é uma mais-valia, contribuindo para a segurança, desenvolvimento do país e para a própria sobrevivência das Forças Armadas. A colaboração da Forças Armadas com as entidades civis funciona normalmente e as principais dificuldades devem-se à complexidade de coordenação e articulação, que devem ser melhoradas. A estrutura e a organização das Forças Armadas de Cabo Verde, de um modo geral, são adequados ao cumprimento deste tipo de missões. Em suma, perante o quadro geoestratégico e geopolítico de Cabo Verde, é indispensável a colaboração das Forças Armadas com entidades civis na realização de Outras Missões de Interesse Público.

Hacia la conformación de un modelo de distrribución de usos y asignación de características de ocupación a partir de análisis Geo estadístico: caso estudio Av. Paseo de los Cañarís de la ciudad de Cuenca año 2015

La presente tesis tiene por objeto generar estrategias para la distribución de usos y asignación de características de ocupación de suelo, este proceso se apoya en análisis geo estadísticos para obtener resultados más ajustados a la realidad y de esta manera comprender la dinámica de los espacios urbanos, las formas de ocupación del espacio por parte de la población, así también las dinámicas que generan ciertos elementos y el impacto en su contexto inmediato. Este estudio inicia con el desarrollo del marco teórico que aborda definiciones e investigaciones referentes a las dinámicas que los usos presentan en una ciudad.Posteriormente se analizan los elementos urbanos relevantes del área de estudio, iniciando con la delimitación y sectorización, los equipamientos, la vialidad, el transporte, las características de ocupación y la normativa vigente; mediante estos diagnósticos se llega a identificar como está conformada el área de estudio.Partiendo de estos diagnósticos se procede a realizar el estudio y análisis sistemático de los usos y la ocupación de suelo urbano, mediante la aplicación de herramientas geo estadísticas como el Kriging y MORAN-LISA. Los resultados obtenidos se representan en un corema, con la finalidad de crear un modelo espacial de análisis, apoyado también de un análisis de diversidad.Finalmente estos resultados generan estrategias apoyadas en datos estadísticos.

Social Services in Times of Economic and Social Crisis: The case of Spain

The financial and economic crisis which originated in 2008 has had a severe impact on the population of the Southern European countries. The economic policies of austerity and public deficit control, as well as the neo-liberal and conservative social policies are redefining the public social protection systems, in particular the Social Services. In order to get to understand the current situation, we shall explain how the Social Services were developed in Spain and analyse the causes and consequences of the economic crisis. The working hypothesis is that the greater the increase on the population’s needs, the more developed the Social Services should be. We carried out a descriptive analysis of the situation as far as the social impacts of the crisis per region are concerned. We tested the hypothesis through a parametric model of analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) triangulating with the non-parametric Kruscal-Wallis test. The working hypothesis failed. The regions with better developed Social Services show a lower level of poverty and social exclusion. The challenges that the public Social Services system faces in times of crisis is three-fold: 1) re-modelling of local administration and transferring of the municipal Social Services responsibilities to the regional administration; 2) an increase of the population at risk of poverty and social exclusion 3) impact on social policies.

Southern Hemisphere Summer Mesopause Responses to El Niño-Southern Oscillation

In the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar region, satellite observations reveal a significant upper-mesosphere cooling and a lower-thermosphere warming during warm ENSO events in December. An opposite pattern is observed in the tropical mesopause region. The observed upper-mesosphere cooling agrees with a climate model simulation. Analysis of the simulation suggests that enhanced planetary wave (PW) dissipation in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high-latitude stratosphere during El Nino strengthens the Brewer-Dobson circulation and cools the equatorial stratosphere. This increases the magnitude of the SH stratosphere meridional temperature gradient and thus causes the anomalous stratospheric easterly zonal wind and early breakdown of the SH stratospheric polar vortex. The resulting perturbation to gravity wave (GW) filtering causes anomalous SH mesospheric eastward GW forcing and polar upwelling and cooling. In addition, constructive inference of ENSO and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) could lead to stronger stratospheric easterly zonal wind anomalies at the SH high latitudes in November and December and early breakdown of the SH stratospheric polar vortex during warm ENSO events in the easterly QBO phase (defined by the equatorial zonal wind at similar to 25 hPa). This would in turn cause much more SH mesospheric eastward GW forcing and much colder polar temperatures, and hence it would induce an early onset time of SH summer polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs). The opposite mechanism occurs during cold ENSO events in the westerly QBO phase. This implies that ENSO together with QBO could significantly modulate the breakdown time of SH stratospheric polar vortex and the onset time of SH PMC.

Modelagem e análise de um dispositivo mitigador de flecha para linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica baseado em ligas com memória de forma

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2016.

Optimization of Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonance in Different Media

A wide range of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for the monitoring the health of concrete structure has been studied for several years. The recent rapid evolution of wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies has resulted in the development of sensing elements that can be embedded in concrete, to monitor the health of infrastructure, collect and report valuable related data. The monitoring system can potentially decrease the high installation time and reduce maintenance cost associated with wired monitoring systems. The monitoring sensors need to operate for a long period of time, but sensors batteries have a finite life span. Hence, novel wireless powering methods must be devised. The optimization of wireless power transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) to sensors embedded in concrete is studied here. First, we analytically derive the optimal geometric parameters for transmission of power in the air. This specifically leads to the identification of the local and global optimization parameters and conditions, it was validated through electromagnetic simulations. Second, the optimum conditions were employed in the model for propagation of energy through plain and reinforced concrete at different humidity conditions, and frequencies with extended Debye's model. This analysis leads to the conclusion that SCMR can be used to efficiently power sensors in plain and reinforced concrete at different humidity levels and depth, also validated through electromagnetic simulations. The optimization of wireless power transmission via SMCR to Wearable and Implantable Medical Device (WIMD) are also explored. The optimum conditions from the analytics were used in the model for propagation of energy through different human tissues. This analysis shows that SCMR can be used to efficiently transfer power to sensors in human tissue without overheating through electromagnetic simulations, as excessive power might result in overheating of the tissue. Standard SCMR is sensitive to misalignment; both 2-loops and 3-loops SCMR with misalignment-insensitive performances are presented. The power transfer efficiencies above 50% was achieved over the complete misalignment range of 0°-90° and dramatically better than typical SCMR with efficiencies less than 10% in extreme misalignment topologies.

MEF2C: expression, regulation and interaction with target genes in health and diseases

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Exploiting spectrally resolved satellite observations to assess the performance of climate models

The accurate representation of the Earth Radiation Budget by General Circulation Models (GCMs) is a fundamental requirement to provide reliable historical and future climate simulations. In this study, we found reasonable agreement between the integrated energy fluxes at the top of the atmosphere simulated by 34 state-of-the-art climate models and the observations provided by the Cloud and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) mission on a global scale, but large regional biases have been detected throughout the globe. Furthermore, we highlighted that a good agreement between simulated and observed integrated Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) fluxes may be obtained from the cancellation of opposite-in-sign systematic errors, localized in different spectral ranges. To avoid this and to understand the causes of these biases, we compared the observed Earth emission spectra, measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) in the period 2008-2016, with the synthetic radiances computed on the basis of the atmospheric fields provided by the EC-Earth GCM. To this purpose, the fast σ-IASI radiative transfer model was used, after its validation and implementation in EC-Earth. From the comparison between observed and simulated spectral radiances, a positive temperature bias in the stratosphere and a negative temperature bias in the middle troposphere, as well as a dry bias of the water vapor concentration in the upper troposphere, have been identified in the EC-Earth climate model. The analysis has been performed in clear-sky conditions, but the feasibility of its extension in the presence of clouds, whose impact on the radiation represents the greatest source of uncertainty in climate models, has also been proven. Finally, the analysis of simulated and observed OLR trends indicated good agreement and provided detailed information on the spectral fingerprints of the evolution of the main climate variables.

Frammenti latini tra le carte estensi: riflessioni sul contesto di riuso e catalogo descrittivo

La tesi che qui si presenta muove dall’osservazione della collezione dei Frammenti conservata presso l’Archivio di Stato di Modena, fornendo un'analisi dettagliata della sua storia archivistica fin dalle origini e dei percorsi di ricerca esplorati fino ad oggi. Un censimento condotto durante la ricerca ha inoltre rivelato circa 50 nuovi frammenti latini riutilizzati nei registri dell'Archivio Estense, che permangono in situ. Un notevole numero di frammenti dell'ASMo proviene dalle legature dei volumi del complesso archivistico estense, il quale, coprendo il periodo 1317-1797, costituisce il più ampio fondo dell'Archivio di Stato di Modena. Diversamente dalle ricerche precedenti dedicate a frammenti specifici, questa tesi adotta uno sguardo olistico, esplorando le testimonianze frammentarie legate a un medesimo contesto di riutilizzo. Il nucleo centrale si concentra sulla metodologia adoperata per ricostruire le 'provenienze archeologiche', con un focus sul riutilizzo nei registri dell'Archivio Estense. La tesi include frammenti documentari, spesso trascurati, offrendo nuove prospettive sullo studio del fenomeno del riuso, soprattutto nei domini estensi. Questo approccio sottolinea inoltre l’interdisciplinarietà intrinseca agli studi dedicati ai frammenti di manoscritti, già considerati prevalentemente secondo un’ottica paleografica e codicologica e qui sottoposti anche a un’indagine dal punto di vista dell’archivistica e della diplomatica. La tesi comprende un catalogo parziale dei frammenti pergamenacei latini provenienti dall'Archivio Estense, costruito adottando il modello di scheda descrittiva del database digitale Fragmentarium. L'analisi comprende identificazione, datazione, localizzazione dei frammenti, cui si aggiungono aspetti materiali e storico-contestuali del riuso, e il catalogo riferisce, in alcuni casi, la ricostruzione di membra disiecta. Parallelamente, si è avviato un progetto pilota per la digitalizzazione dei frammenti dell'ASMo in collaborazione con il Centro Studi ARCE dell'Università di Bologna. La tesi include una relazione sulle attività svolte, con riflessioni sulle metodologie adottate durante il progetto di digitalizzazione.