猪到猕猴异种心脏移植超急性排斥反应的免疫学及病理学变化

　观察猪到猕猴异种心脏移植超急性排斥反应时的免疫学及病理学变化。方法　 采用猪到猕猴腹腔内异位心脏移植模型,检测发生超急性排斥反应者的血液中补体、天然抗体及T 淋巴细胞亚群的变化,并对移植心脏进行免疫组化(测定C3 、C4 、C5b29 、IgG及IgM 的沉积) 及病理学 分析。结果　发生超急性排斥反应时,血清补体C3 、C4 的含量、总补体活性及抗猪内皮细胞天然抗 体均有一定程度的下降;CD4 + / CD8 + T 淋巴细胞的比率也有所下降;移植心脏中均有补体C3 、C4 、 C5b29 的沉积, IgG及IgM 也均有沉积,但IgG和IgM 沉积强度的差异无统计学意义;病理学改变主 要为心肌间质弥漫性出血、水肿,毛细血管内普遍淤血。结论　补体通过经典途径激活参与猪到猕猴 异种心脏移植超急性排斥反应;超急性排斥反应时受者血中天然抗体水平明显下降;CD4 + T 淋巴细 胞可能参与异种移植超急性排斥反应过程并有所消耗;发生超急性排斥反应的移植物突出病理表现 为间质出血。

懒猴血红蛋白血清蛋白及同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析了蜂猴(N. coucang)和倭蜂猴(N. pygmaeus) 的血红蛋白(Hb)、乳酸脱氢酶、酯酶、苹果酸脱氢酶同功酶。用醋酸薄膜电泳分 析了蜂猴和倭蜂猴的血清 蛋白成分, 并进行了比较。懒猴的LDH-B含量明显低 于高等灵长类。

竹叶青(Trimeresurus stejnegeri)蛇毒五种磷脂酶A_(2)的分离纯化和氨基酸序列分析

用超细Sephadex G-75凝胶色谱和C4反相高效液相色谱从竹叶青(Trimeresurus stejnegeri)蛇毒中分离纯化5种磷脂酶A_(2),并分别命名为PLA_(2)-Ⅰ(SWISS-PROT,P82892)、Ⅱ(SWISS-PROT,P82893)、Ⅲ(SWISS-PROT,P82894)、Ⅳ(SWISS-PROT,P82895)、Ⅴ(SWISS-PROT,P82896)。SDS-PAGE测定它们的分子量分别为14.0、15.8、15.0、14.0和14.0kDa。等电聚焦电泳测得PLA_(2)-Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ呈碱性,等电点大于8.8;PLA_(2)-Ⅳ和Ⅴ呈酸性,等电点分别为5.2和4.7。PLA_(2)-Ⅳ和Ⅴ有水解卵磷脂活性。用自动Edman降解法测定了PLA_(2)-Ⅴ的全部氨基酸序列和PLA_(2)-Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的N-端部分氨基酸序列。PLA_(2)-Ⅴ由122个氨基酸残基组成,有14个Cys,并与其它来源的PLA_(2)的氨基酸序列进行了比较。

Transport of anti-sperm monoclonal IGA and IGC into murine male and female genital tracts from blood - Effect of sex hormones

Ab levels in the genital tract may be important in fertility and in preventing sexually transmitted diseases, In this study, I-125-labeled polymer or monomer mAb IgA (C4pIgA or C4mIgA) and IgC2b (C4IgC) to murine lactate dehydrogenase C4 and a polymer mAb IgA (npIgA) not cross-reacting with mouse sperm were intravenously injected into BALB/c mice, and the relative distribution of these Abs was determined. Polymer IgA was transported much more efficiently into the genital tract, trachea, and duodenum of both sexes than C4IgG and C4 mIgA (p < 0.01), The transport of polymer IgA (C4pIgA and npIgA) into the male genital tract greatly increased following orchiectomy (p < 0.01); this change was not affected by testosterone, suggesting that the unknown regulatory factor(s) from the testis may suppress polymer IgA transport, However, the transport of polymer IgA into female genital tissues was significantly decreased by ovariectomy (p < 0.01); this decline can be rectified by P-estradiol but not progesterone treatment, suggesting that estradiol may stimulate polymer IgA transport, Furthermore, the transport of C4IgG into tissues of the Fallopian tubes and the uterus was significantly decreased by treatment with progesterone (p < 0.01). Together, these findings indicate that serum polymer IgA can be transported selectively into the genital tracts of both sexes, that this transport is strongly under the control of gonads, and that transport of Ige into the Fallopian tubes and uterus is downregulated by progesterone.

Short-term in vitro responses of human peripheral blood monocytes to ferritic stainless steel fiber networks.

Beneficial effects on bone-implant bonding may accrue from ferromagnetic fiber networks on implants which can deform in vivo inducing controlled levels of mechanical strain directly in growing bone. This approach requires ferromagnetic fibers that can be implanted in vivo without stimulating undue inflammatory cell responses or cytotoxicity. This study examines the short-term in vitro responses, including attachment, viability, and inflammatory stimulation, of human peripheral blood monocytes to 444 ferritic stainless steel fiber networks. Two types of 444 networks, differing in fiber cross section and thus surface area, were considered alongside austenitic stainless steel fiber networks, made of 316L, a widely established implant material. Similar high percent seeding efficiencies were measured by CyQuant® on all fiber networks after 48 h of cell culture. Extensive cell attachment was confirmed by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, which showed round monocytes attached at various depths into the fiber networks. Medium concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined as indicators of viability and inflammatory responses, respectively. Percent LDH concentrations were similar for both 444 fiber networks at all time points, whereas significantly lower than those of 316L control networks at 24 h. All networks elicited low-level secretions of TNF-α, which were significantly lower than that of the positive control wells containing zymosan. Collectively, the results indicate that 444 networks produce comparable responses to medical implant grade 316L networks and are able to support human peripheral blood monocytes in short-term in vitro cultures without inducing significant inflammatory or cytotoxic effects.

A high performance oxygen storage material for chemical looping processes with CO2 capture

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a novel combustion technology that involves cyclic reduction and oxidation of oxygen storage materials to provide oxygen for the combustion of fuels to CO2 and H2O, whilst giving a pure stream of CO2 suitable for sequestration or utilisation. Here, we report a method for preparing of oxygen storage materials from layered double hydroxides (LDHs) precursors and demonstrate their applications in the CLC process. The LDHs precursor enables homogeneous mixing of elements at the molecular level, giving a high degree of dispersion and high-loading of active metal oxide in the support after calcination. Using a Cu-Al LDH precursor as a prototype, we demonstrate that rational design of oxygen storage materials by material chemistry significantly improved the reactivity and stability in the high temperature redox cycles. We discovered that the presence of sodium-containing species were effective in inhibiting the formation of copper aluminates (CuAl2O4 or CuAlO 2) and stabilising the copper phase in an amorphous support over multiple redox cycles. A representative nanostructured Cu-based oxygen storage material derived from the LDH precursor showed stable gaseous O2 release capacity (∼5 wt%), stable oxygen storage capacity (∼12 wt%), and stable reaction rates during reversible phase changes between CuO-Cu 2O-Cu at high temperatures (800-1000 °C). We anticipate that the strategy can be extended to manufacture a variety of metal oxide composites for applications in novel high temperature looping cycles for clean energy production and CO2 capture. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.

菜籽粕对异育银鲫免疫应答能力的影响

试验鱼以投喂饲料的不同和是否注射抗原共分为10组,即免疫组:A、B、C、D、E组,免疫对照组:a、b、c、de、组,饲料对照组:A、a组。饲料试验组B、C、D、E、bc、、d、e组。其中,饲料对照组以豆粕和鱼粉为基础蛋白源,饲料试验组分别以双低菜籽粕和普通菜籽粕等氮替代对照组中50%(B、b;D、d)和100%(C、c;E、e)的豆粕蛋白,测定异育银鲫血液白细胞和头肾吞噬细胞的吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性、血清补体(C3,C4)含量、血清凝集抗体效价及免疫保护率。结果表明:从免疫后21 d开始,饲料试验组E、

微囊藻毒素LR诱导细胞毒性机制研究的细胞模型建立

以18种细胞系为材料,研究微囊藻毒素LR(20μg/mL和50μg/mL)所诱导的细胞毒性。形态观察表明,在经过30h以上的微囊藻毒素处理后,PC-3,J82,786-0,5637,VERO-E6等5种细胞出现了明显的细胞形态改变,毒素浓度越高,形态改变越厉害。微囊藻毒素LR的细胞毒性用LDH泄漏来表示。结果显示,5种毒素处理细胞的LDH泄漏呈剂量依赖性增加,其中5637和PC-3的LDH泄漏在同样的处理后较为厉害;同对照比较,SOD活力在20μg/mL MCLR处理下呈增加趋势,但在50μg/mL浓度下

微囊藻毒素LR诱导L-02细胞发生凋亡

目的了解微囊藻毒素(MC)LR对L-02细胞的毒性机制。方法以L-02细胞为材料,用不同浓度的MCLR处理该细胞,观察了细胞增殖能力、细胞形态改变、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)泄漏、细胞凋亡率及凋亡相关基因等一系列指标的变化。结果 MTT细胞增殖实验可知,MCLR在24 h内对L-02细胞有轻微的抑制作用,随后却促进细胞增殖。48 h处理对 LDH泄漏没有显著影响,延时处理导致LDH泄漏发生,且MCLR浓度越高,LDH泄漏越严重,此结果显示发生了细胞氧化损伤。光镜下50μg/ml的毒素浓度在60 h处理后可造成明

螅状独缩虫自然种群同工酶的研究

利用聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳技术 ,对采自武汉沙湖螅状独缩虫自然种群的酯酶 (EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶 (MDH)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)和酸性磷酸酶 (ACP)四种同工酶酶系进行了研究。实验表明 :EST同工酶酶系由六个基因座位(Est 1—Est 6 )控制 ,其中Est 1、Est 2、Est 3和Est 5为杂合基因座位 ,而Est 4和Est 6为纯合基因座位。螅状独缩虫物种中EST同工酶四级结构既有单体也有二聚体 ;MDH同工酶酶系由五个基因座位 (Mdh 1—Mdh 5 )控制 ,其中Mdh 2和M

栉江珧同工酶多态性的分析

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳对栉江珧(Atrina pectinata Linnaeus)消化盲囊进行了5 种酶(SOD、EST、MDH、ME、LDH) 的同工酶分析。结果表明不同个体的同工酶表达呈现多态现象,个体间酶带带型既有相一致的共同特征谱带,又有较多的变异,5种酶均可把样品大致区分为差异明显的2 种或3 种类型,而且酶谱类型与形态类型基本对应,同工酶表达上的多样性表明栉江珧种内在生化遗传上存在较大的变异, 具有较丰富的遗传多态性。

孵化温度对中华鳖4种同工酶和肌肉蛋白基因表达的影响

应用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳 ,对不同温度 (常温 30～ 33℃和低温 2 2～ 2 4℃ )人工孵化的幼鳖肝、肌、肾、心、脑等不同组织的乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶 (IDH)、葡萄糖 6 磷酸脱氢酶 (G 6 PD)和酯酶(EST)等 4种同工酶和肌肉蛋白进行分析研究。结果发现 :不同温度孵化的中华鳖同工酶表达无差异。LDH和IDH的基因表达有组织特异性 ,但不存在遗传多态性 ;G 6 PD和EST同工酶具有遗传多态性。低温孵化的个体的肌肉蛋白有别于常温孵化个体的特异蛋白带。

企鹅珍珠贝同工酶酶谱特征及其遗传分析

采用垂直板状聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳分离技术,对企鹅珍珠贝闭壳肌、外套膜、鳃、消化盲囊、足组织的SOD、EST、LDH、G6PDH、MDH、ME 6种同工酶酶谱特征及其遗传控制进行了研究。6种同工酶在不同组织中的表达有明显的差异,同工酶分析共检测到18个位点,其中有16个位点具多态性,群体中,多态位点比例为88.8％,平均杂合度为0.396±0.029。有13个多态位点上的基因型频率与Hardy-Weinberg定律相符(P>0.05),位点Ldh-1、Ldh-2、Sod-2极显著偏离该平衡(P<0.01)

铜锈微囊藻两种表型的生长生理特性及毒素组成比较分析

从滇池蓝藻水华中分离得到的铜锈微囊藻群体在实验室无机营养中解聚成单细胞 ,结果表明 ,群体微囊藻的生长速度明显低于单细胞微囊藻 ;前者具明显可见的胞外酸性多糖胶鞘 ,而单细胞则几乎没有 ;按常规方法分析比较两种细胞形态的毒性大小和毒素组成 ,发现群体微囊藻主要含有三种微囊藻毒素的异构体 ,而单细胞以MC LR为主 ;且单细胞微囊藻的毒性约为群体的 1 0倍。二者的LDH和PGM同工酶酶谱也有差异。本研究为解释毒素的合成和调控机理提供了新的证据

藏北 3种裸鲤同工酶的电泳分析及物种分化的探讨(英文)

对藏北高原 3种裸鲤的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶 (MDH )和脂酶 (EST)进行电泳分析的结果表明 ,3种裸鲤酶谱均表现出种间的差别 ,而且在同一种群个体之间也存在着明显的分化 ,但无性别差异。 3种裸鲤被检测的 3种同工酶均有沉默基因表达的现象 ,重复基因LDH -A2 、LDH -B2 、s -MDH -A2 和m -MDH -B2 也在部分个体中表达。遗传距离分析表明 ,色林错裸鲤(G .selincuoensis)与错鄂裸鲤 (G .cuoensis)之间较之于与纳木错裸鲤 (G .n