Ictioplancton y volúmenes de zooplancton frente a la costa peruana, verano 2005. (BIC Olaya - BIC SNP2: 0502-04)

Este trabajo presenta la distribución y abundancia de los primeros estados de vida de las principales especies ícticas de importancia comercial como la anchoveta Engraulis ringens y merluza Merluccius gayi peruanus, entre otras, así como la distribución de los volúmenes de zooplancton. Se discute la relación existente entre las condiciones oceanográficas con la distribución de los volúmenes de zooplancton y la distribución y abundancia de los huevos y larvas de anchoveta.

Ictioplancton y volúmenes de zooplancton entre Paita y Cerro Azul durante la primavera del 2005

Durante la primavera 2005, con la red Hensen (330 μm) se colectaron 104 muestras de zooplancton entre Paita y Cerro Azul hasta 50 m de profundidad. Se determinaron huevos y larvas pertenecientes a 20 familias, 22 géneros y 31 especies. Engraulis ringens fue más frecuente y abundante; se registraron huevos (64,1%) y larvas (70,9%), con abundancias que fluctuaron entre 3 y 23.184 huevos/m2 y entre 3 y 5.340 larvas/m2. La longitud total (LT) de las larvas fluctuó entre 2 y 20 mm, las más abundantes (91,6%) fueron larvas entre 2 y 4 mm LT. De Vinciguerria lucetia se registró huevos (35,6%) y larvas (28,8%) y de Diogenichthys laternatus larvas con 32,7%. El índice de diversidad (H), registró valores entre 0,001 y 1,54 bits/Ind., la equidad (J) varió entre 0,002 y 0,985 y la riqueza de especies (d) entre 0,099 y 1,430. Los volúmenes de zooplancton estuvieron comprendidos entre 0,4 y 55 mL/muestra, con un promedio +desviación estándar de 7,30 +8,10 mL/muestra.

Socio-economic benefits of using space technologies to monitor and respond to earthquakes

Earthquakes represent a major hazard for populations around the world, causing frequent loss of life,human suffering and enormous damage to homes, other buildings and infrastructure. The Technology Resources forEarthquake Monitoring and Response (TREMOR) Team of 36 space professionals analysed this problem over thecourse of the International Space University Summer Session Program and published their recommendations in the formof a report. The TREMOR Team proposes a series of space- and ground-based systems to provide improved capabilityto manage earthquakes. The first proposed system is a prototype earthquake early-warning system that improves theexisting knowledge of earthquake precursors and addresses the potential of these phenomena. Thus, the system willat first enable the definitive assessment of whether reliable earthquake early warning is possible through precursormonitoring. Should the answer be affirmative, the system itself would then form the basis of an operational earlywarningsystem. To achieve these goals, the authors propose a multi-variable approach in which the system will combine,integrate and process precursor data from space- and ground-based seismic monitoring systems (already existing andnew proposed systems) and data from a variety of related sources (e.g. historical databases, space weather data, faultmaps). The second proposed system, the prototype earthquake simulation and response system, coordinates the maincomponents of the response phase to reduce the time delays of response operations, increase the level of precisionin the data collected, facilitate communication amongst teams, enhance rescue and aid capabilities and so forth. It isbased in part on an earthquake simulator that will provide pre-event (if early warning is proven feasible) and post-eventdamage assessment and detailed data of the affected areas to corresponding disaster management actors by means of ageographic information system (GIS) interface. This is coupled with proposed mobile satellite communication hubs toprovide links between response teams. Business- and policy-based implementation strategies for these proposals, suchas the establishment of a non-governmental organisation to develop and operate the systems, are included.

T cell homeostasis

The pool of mature T cells comprises a heterogeneous mixture of naive and memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. These cells are long lived at a population level but differ markedly in their relative rates of turnover and survival. Here, we review how contact with exogenous stimuli, notably self MHC ligands and various gamma(c) cytokines, plays a decisive role in controlling normal T cell homeostasis.

First report of Diuraphis (Holcaphis) frequens as a pest of wheat in Finland

Selostus: Diuraphis frequens -kirva vehnässä

Grain yield, net blotch and scald of barley in Finnish official variety trials

Selostus: Ohrasato ja verkko- ja rengaslaikku virallisissa lajikekokeissa

Activation of c-Jun in the nuclei of neurons of the CA-1 in thrombin preconditioning occurs via PAR-1.

Recently it has been shown that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a role in thrombin preconditioning (TPC) in vivo and in vitro. To investigate further the pathways involved in TPC, we performed an immunohistochemical study in hippocampal slice cultures. Here we show that the major target of JNK, the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun, is activated by phosphorylation in the nuclei of neurons of the CA1 region by using phospho-specific antibodies against the two JNK phosphorylation sites. The activation is early and transient, peaking at 90 min and not present by 3 hr after low-dose thrombin administration. Treatment of cultures with a synthetic thrombin receptor agonist results in the same c-Jun activation profile and protection against subsequent OGD, both of which are prevented by specific JNK inhibitors, showing that thrombin signals through PAR-1 to JNK. By using an antibody against the Ser 73 phosphorylation site of c-Jun, we identify possible additional TPC substrates.

Reserva mineral de potássio em Latossolo cultivado com Pinus taeda L.

No Brasil, aproximadamente 1,87 milhões de hectares são plantados com as espécies de Pinus, normalmente em solos pobres quimicamente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar a mineralogia das frações areia, silte e argila e estimar a reserva mineral de K por diferentes métodos de extrações químicas em solo naturalmente pobre nesse nutriente e cultivado com Pinus taeda L., no Segundo Planalto Paranaense. Foram selecionadas cinco árvores com maior diâmetro (árvores dominantes), em uma área de 500 m², para abertura de uma trincheira (1,6 m) na projeção da copa de cada árvore. Todos os perfis foram classificados como Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico típico e apresentaram similaridade na morfologia e na sequência dos horizontes, cujas profundidades médias foram: O = 0,04 m, A1 = 0-0,09 m, A2 = 0,09-0,24 m, BA = 0,24-0,43 m, B1 = 0,43-0,66 m e B2 = 0,66-1,60+ m. As amostras coletadas em cada horizonte foram submetidas a análises físicas (granulometria) e químicas (pH, carbono orgânico, acidez potencial, Al3+ e bases trocáveis, P disponível, K total e não trocável), e as frações areia, silte e argila foram estudadas por difratometria de raios-X (DRX). As frações areia e silte dos solos apresentaram mineralogia bastante uniforme, com predomínio absoluto de quartzo e apenas ocorrência de discretas reflexões de mica por DRX. A fração argila também apresentou limitada ocorrência de minerais micáceos. Os tratamentos sequenciais para remoção de óxidos de Fe, gibbsita e caulinita foram eficientes para concentração de mica na fração argila, o que facilitou a identificação de biotita e muscovita por DRX. Os baixos teores de K não trocável obtidos com diferentes concentrações de HNO3 fervente (máximo de 91 mg kg-1) e de K total extraído com HF concentrado (máximo de 202,7 mg kg-1) foram consistentes com a pobreza das frações do solo em minerais primários, fontes desse nutriente. As correlações positivas e significativas entre os teores não trocáveis de K no solo e os teores e conteúdos do nutriente nas árvores indicaram a importância de formas de reservas do nutriente na nutrição da espécie em solos altamente intemperizados e pobres em K trocável.