Coreferentiality: A New Method for the Hypothesis-Based Analysis of Phenotypes Characterized by Multivariate Data

Many multifactorial biologic effects, particularly in the context of complex human diseases, are still poorly understood. At the same time, the systematic acquisition of multivariate data has become increasingly easy. The use of such data to analyze and model complex phenotypes, however, remains a challenge. Here, a new analytic approach is described, termed coreferentiality, together with an appropriate statistical test. Coreferentiality is the indirect relation of two variables of functional interest in respect to whether they parallel each other in their respective relatedness to multivariate reference data, which can be informative for a complex effect or phenotype. It is shown that the power of coreferentiality testing is comparable to multiple regression analysis, sufficient even when reference data are informative only to a relatively small extent of 2.5%, and clearly exceeding the power of simple bivariate correlation testing. Thus, coreferentiality testing uses the increased power of multivariate analysis, however, in order to address a more straightforward interpretable bivariate relatedness. Systematic application of this approach could substantially improve the analysis and modeling of complex phenotypes, particularly in the context of human study where addressing functional hypotheses by direct experimentation is often difficult.

O impacto da música ambiente cantada em Português no comportamento do consumidor: o caso do El Corte Inglés de Vila Nova de Gaia

A investigação realizada é de caráter inovador, tendo estudado o impacto da música cantada em Português no comportamento do consumidor do espaço de restauração do El Corte Inglés de Vila Nova de Gaia. Para o efeito, foram conduzidos dois estudos quantitativos (A e B). O estudo A, comparou a resposta dos consumidores à presença/ausência de música ambiente, ao passo que o estudo B, confrontou comportamentos num cenário de exposição a música ambiente cantada em idioma português/estrangeiro. Através da aplicação de um questionário, foram recolhidos dados relativos à estimativa do tempo de permanência no restaurante, valor gasto, quantidade de itens consumidos, disponibilidade para pagar e intenção de retorno e de recomendação. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que a presença de música ambiente tem considerável impacto no comportamento de consumo e que a exposição do consumidor a música cantada no idioma materno eleva em 24% o tempo de permanência no espaço de restauração e em 17% o valor gasto em compras. A presente investigação constitui um inegável contributo para a gestão adequada e estratégica da música ambiente no ponto de venda, potenciando a criação de experiências memoráveis com real impacto no comportamento do consumidor.

Failure or Voluntary Exit? Reassessing the Female Underperformance Hypothesis

We reevaluate the female underperformance hypothesis by challenging the assumption that female-owned ventures are more likely to fail. Instead of equating exit with failure, we draw on exit literature and feminist theories to argue that female entrepreneurs are actually more likely than males to exit voluntarily. We argue for further gender differences by using an even more fine-grained conceptualization of entrepreneurial exit (failure, exit for personal reasons, and exit for other professional/financial opportunities). Post-hoc analyses also point to withingender heterogeneity depending on family status. A sample probe of 219 Spanish entrepreneurs who had exited their business supports our overall reasoning.

Tri-level study: modification. Task 6: a final report on supplemental causation assessments through hypothesis testing.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Irritation and counterirritation, a hypothesis about the autoamputative property of the nervous system; a scientific excursion into theoretical medicine.

Mode of access: Internet.

Testing the expectations hypothesis when interest rates are near integrated /

Mode of access: Internet.

The planets Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto (1971)

Cover title.

Rayos de la luz practica con que Don Feliz Pacheco Ortiz ... desvanece las sombras con que el Doctor Don Francisco Sanz ... intento obscurecer la Hypothesis de fiebres del Doctor Don Martin Martinez ... y haze resplandecer la particular Hypothesis y debida curacion de la fiebres intermitentes del Doctor Don Luis Enriquez ...

Discurso previo apologetico sobre el constitutivo de la calentura, a favor de ... Martin Martinez y contra ... Francisco Saenz de los Rios ... escrito por ... Francisco Valles de p. 2¶2 a 4¶3.

Why I think so; the autobiography of a hypothesis

"Errata" slip inserted between p. 44 and 45.

Application of the hypothesis of dissolved ice to the freezing of water and of dilute solutions.

Hudson, C.S., cl. of 1901.

Terraforming: Ecopolitical Transformations and Environmentalism in Science Fiction /

Terraforming is the process of making other worlds habitable for human life. This book asks how science fiction has imagined how we shape both our world and other planets and how stories of terraforming reflect on science, society and environmentalism.

Tables astronomiques publiées par le Bureau des longitudes de France : contenant les tables de Jupiter, de Saturne et d'Uranus, construites d'après la théorie de la mécanique céleste /

Mode of access: Internet.

An illustration of the hypothesis proposed in the dissertation on the origin and composition of our three first canonical gospels : with a preface, and an appendix, containing miscellaneous matters. The whole being a rejoinder to the anonymous author of the remarks on Michaelis and his commentator.

Mode of access: Internet.

An hypothesis which may help to unfold the mystery of Ezekiel's visions; accounting for the form and number of the four creatures, why different from those in the Apocalypse, why they are seen to issue out of the cloud, the reason why wheels were introduced, why they work as a wheel within a wheel, with many particulars unexplained before.

Mode of access: Internet.

An outline of a one semester course on distribution-free statistical inference: hypothesis testing (as given at Columbia University, Autumn 1958)

Mode of access: Internet.