Changes in Body Composition in Anorexia Nervosa: Predictors of Recovery and Treatment Outcome.

The restoration of body composition (BC) parameters is considered to be one of the most important goals in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, little is known about differences between AN diagnostic subtypes [restricting (AN-R) and binge/purging (AN-BP)] and weekly changes in BC during refeeding treatment. Therefore, the main objectives of our study were twofold: 1) to assess the changes in BC throughout nutritional treatment in an AN sample and 2) to analyze predictors of BC changes during treatment, as well as predictors of treatment outcome. The whole sample comprised 261 participants [118 adult females with AN (70 AN-R vs. 48 AN-BP), and 143 healthy controls]. BC was measured weekly during 15 weeks of day-hospital treatment using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Assessment measures also included the Eating Disorders Inventory-2, as well as a number of other clinical indices. Overall, the results showed that AN-R and AN-BP patients statistically differed in all BC measures at admission. However, no significant time×group interaction was found for almost all BC parameters. Significant time×group interactions were only found for basal metabolic rate (p = .041) and body mass index (BMI) (p = .035). Multiple regression models showed that the best predictors of pre-post changes in BC parameters (namely fat-free mass, muscular mass, total body water and BMI) were the baseline values of BC parameters. Stepwise predictive logistic regressions showed that only BMI and age were significantly associated with outcome, but not with the percentage of body fat. In conclusion, these data suggest that although AN patients tended to restore all BC parameters during nutritional treatment, only AN-BP patients obtained the same fat mass values as healthy controls. Put succinctly, the best predictors of changes in BC were baseline BC values, which did not, however, seem to influence treatment outcome.

Evolução da demanda ao Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São Carlos

O estudo analisa a evolução da procura pelo Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), desde o 1º vestibular em 1977 até 1996. Nessa análise serão utilizados comparativamente os dados dos Cursos da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) e da Escola Paulista de Medicina, atualmente denominada Uiversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). A crise econômica e do setor da saúde influíram significativamente na queda súbita da procura pelos Cursos na década de 80. Em 1990 o vestibular da UFSCar passou a ser realizado pela Fundação Universitária para o Vestibular (FUVEST). Nesse ano a relação candidato/ vaga atingiu seu nível mais baixo, desde 1977. A partir de 1991, a tendência de retomada do crescimento econômico, e a implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) determinaram o crescimento da demanda. Dos três cursos da carreira da Enfermagem na FUVEST, o da UFSCar que é o único do interior do Estado, ainda é o mais procurado em 3ª opção, apesar da procura em 1ª opção ter passado de 2,0 em 1990 para 6,0 em 1995, caindo para 4,6 em 1996. A pouca procura em 1990; os critérios de corte e o procedimento de chamada dos candidatos classificados concorreram para que das 30 vagas oferecidas fossem repreenchidas apenas 15, mesmo com dois vestibulares.

Vitamin E but not 17B-estradiol protect against vascular toxicity induced by B-amyloid wild type and the Dutch amyploid variant

Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibril deposition on cerebral vessels produces cerebral amyloid angiopathy that appears in the majority of Alzheimer's disease patients. An early onset of a cerebral amyloid angiopathy variant called hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type is caused by a point mutation in Aβ yielding AβGlu22→Gln. The present study addresses the effect of amyloid fibrils from both wild-type and mutated Aβ on vascular cells, as well as the putative protective role of antioxidants on amyloid angiopathy. For this purpose, we studied the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ1–40 Glu22→Gln and Aβ1–40 wild-type fibrils on human venule endothelial cells and rat aorta smooth muscle cells. We observed that AβGlu22→Gln fibrils are more toxic for vascular cells than the wild-type fibrils. We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of Aβ fibrils bound with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a common component of amyloid deposits. Aβ1–40 wild-type–AChE fibrillar complexes, similar to neuronal cells, resulted in an increased toxicity on vascular cells. Previous reports showing that antioxidants are able to reduce the toxicity of Aβ fibrils on neuronal cells prompted us to test the effect of vitamin E, vitamin C, and 17β-estradiol on vascular damage induced by Aβwild-type and AβGlu22→Gln. Our data indicate that vitamin E attenuated significantly the Aβ-mediated cytotoxicity on vascular cells, although 17β-estradiol and vitamin C failed to inhibit the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ fibrils.

A comunicação política na web 2.0: estudo de caso sobre os perfis do Presidente de República Jorge Carlos Fonseca e do Primeiro Ministro José Maria Neves no Facebook

No presente trabalho procuramos entender mais sobre o conceito da Web 2.0, pois apesar de esta fazer parte do quotidiano da nossa sociedade, são poucos que conhecem a sua evolução. A Web 2.0 trata-se de um espaço em que a interactividade é uma das peças chave. Essa característica introduz desenvolvimentos em conceitos como cidadania e democracia e marca um virar de página na comunicação e no marketing político. Esta monografia procura ainda, através de um estudo de caso, perceber de que forma é que os progressos introduzidos pela Web 2.0 são sentidos na forma como se opera a comunicação política em Cabo Verde.

Caracteristicas de distribución, concentración y biologicas de los recursos costeros

Describe el desarrollo de una prospección pesquera aplicando la metodología del área barrida y rastreo acústico para estimar la abundancia relativa de los recursos demersales – costeros, respectivamente, así como para determinar aspectos biológicos de los mismos. Las mejores concentraciones de recursos pelágico-costeros se ubicaron entre el extremo norte y Callao. Se destaca la presencia sostenida del "bagre con faja" (Galeichthys peruvianus) entre Punta Fallas y Punta Colorado; el "calamar" (Loligo gahi) y el "pejerrey", se mostraron concurrentes en gran parte del área evaluada. La lorna y el mis-mis, mostraron comportamiento demersal y pelágico en función de su estratificación latitudinal de tallas. El "camaroncito rojo" (Pleuroncodes monodon) destacó notablemente desde el Callao hasta Camaná, circunstancia favorecida por el influjo de las Aguas Templadas de la Sub-antártica, especialmente entre Pisco e Ilo.

Algunos aspectos adicionales sobre la biología y pesquería del falso volador Prionotus stephanophrys

Presenta aspectos biológico pesqueros del falso volador Prionotus stephanophrys Lockington sobre la base de la información biométrica (1997-1999), biológica (1988-1991 y 1997-1999), desembarques (1970-1999) y volúmenes de exportaciones. Identifica al falso volador como el segundo pez en importancia del subsistema bentodemersal después de la merluza (Merluccius gayi peruanus), ubicándose masivamente en áreas no ocupadas por la merluza.

Pesquería y biología de la anguila común Ophichthus pacifici (Günther) en el Perú

Presenta información sobre los principales aspectos biológicos y pesqueros efectuado durante la actividad extractiva de la anguila común frente a Paita; con el fin de estudiar, conocer el potencial y disponibilidad cuantificada del recurso para así estimar sus posiblidades de explotación.

The genome sequencing of an albino Western lowland gorilla reveals inbreeding in the wild

BACKGROUND: The only known albino gorilla, named Snowflake, was a male wild born individual from Equatorial Guinea who lived at the Barcelona Zoo for almost 40 years. He was diagnosed with non-syndromic oculocutaneous albinism, i.e. white hair, light eyes, pink skin, photophobia and reduced visual acuity. Despite previous efforts to explain the genetic cause, this is still unknown. Here, we study the genetic cause of his albinism and making use of whole genome sequencing data we find a higher inbreeding coefficient compared to other gorillas.RESULTS: We successfully identified the causal genetic variant for Snowflake's albinism, a non-synonymous single nucleotide variant located in a transmembrane region of SLC45A2. This transporter is known to be involved in oculocutaneous albinism type 4 (OCA4) in humans. We provide experimental evidence that shows that this amino acid replacement alters the membrane spanning capability of this transmembrane region. Finally, we provide a comprehensive study of genome-wide patterns of autozygogosity revealing that Snowflake's parents were related, being this the first report of inbreeding in a wild born Western lowland gorilla.CONCLUSIONS: In this study we demonstrate how the use of whole genome sequencing can be extended to link genotype and phenotype in non-model organisms and it can be a powerful tool in conservation genetics (e.g., inbreeding and genetic diversity) with the expected decrease in sequencing cost.