Estágio Supervisionado na formação de professores em serviço dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

This report aims to present the results of research on the possibilities and limits of Supervised Traineeship in a the course of Training of Teachers in Service of the early years of primary education conducted through an agreement between the Federal University of Piauí and the Teresina city council (PI) UFPI/PMT, offers subsidies to teaching practices that address the reality of students who live, work and/or studying in school located in rural areas. The research is based on a theoretical and methodological approach that places the object of study in the critical perspective and using procedures such as: literature (bibliographical research), documentary analysis, semi-structured interview and photographic record. We researched 10 (ten) teachers of the course promoted by UFPI graduating in 2006 and who develop teaching activities in schools located in rural areas in the city of Teresina-PI, 02 (two) teachers who are trainee supervisor of UFPI and the coordinator of the course. The analysis evidenced that the object, historically, educational policies have changed, but did not break the traditional patterns of teacher education, enough, especially in the curricular proposals in light of the changes required by the information and global society. We also note that in the supervised training, the process of critical reflection on teaching practice was made possible, in part, and raised the reconstruction of specific knowledge to make teaching in order to conduct the teaching-learning process articulating different realities of primary teaching and facing situations due to conservative practices in relation to education in rural areas. It contributed, therefore, this curricular component to resize, in part, the pedagogical action of the teachers graduated. The study also drives the research toward to similar studies in the perspective of overcoming the current model of teacher training that does not correspond to the demands of society in change and to the crisis of capital, with immeasurable consequences in the workplace. The contemporary claims for a University to form professionals capable of directing the destiny of society, where teacher training is a social and political demands on which is co-responsible

Trabalho e formação docente na rede municipal de ensino de natal

The study Teacher work and education in the municipal schools of Natal objectifies the analysis of the education and work conditions of the teachers in the municipal schools of Natal, placing them within the scenario of the public policies outlined for Basic Education (2005-2010). The thesis is based on the perspective that the educational reforms implemented by the Brazilian government in an attempt to answer to the new contextual demands originated from the world of work and globalization, demanding increasingly higher levels of qualification and constant extension of the teaching functions in school from the teachers, have been configured withal as a strategy for intensifying the teacher s work. The empirical field of study was constituded by thirteen municipal schools that offer basic education. Four hundred and seventeen teacher subjects that work in the municipal school system of Natal, two representatives of the Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Natal (SME)1 that work in the pedagogical team and one representative of the Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Educação do Rio Grande do Norte2 took part in the study. The procedures/instruments used in the research were: bibliographic review, document research, questionnaires and recording of information in a field journal. The study confirmed that the majority of the teachers that work in the municipal school system were admitted by means of public entry exams, therefore meeting the requirements set by Law 9.394/96. Most of the teachers have the initial education demanded to work in basic education, although with some limitations due to the fact that they do not correspond to the needs of the educational system. The SME has a plan for continued training of the teachers in accordance to the current ideas defended by researchers of this field. There is, although, a disconnection between the purpose of the plan and the training strategies, because, in truth, predominate repetitive and specific actions that do not contemplate the training needs of the teachers, nor the demands of the system. Although the work conditions are evaluated, by the teachers, as relatively good, limits in relation to the physical structure of the schools are observed (dirty walls with holes in them, broken ceiling fans, old chairs and desks, old and stained black boards, inadequate restroom installations, poor maintenance of the computers, amongst other items). It was also verified the an increase in the functions of the teachers and an intensification of their work, materialized through an overburden of activities undertaken daily at school (and outside of it) and through the demand in taking part in activities that go beyond those inherent to the teaching process, such as the elaboration of political-pedagogical projects, participation in collegiate, registration of student information solicited by the SME and the participation in commissions, has been happening

Avaliação da digestibilidade de nutrientes, em bovinos, de alguns alimentos concentrados pela técnica de três estádios

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a digestibilidade de componentes nutricionais não-degradados no rúmen por meio da técnica de três estádios. Foram avaliados oito alimentos concentrados: grão de girassol integral (GI), torta de girassol com uma (TG1x) e com duas passagens pela prensa (TG2x), grão de soja integral (SI) e parcialmente desengordurado (SD), farelo de soja (FS), farelo de gérmen de milho desengordurado (GM) e concentrado comercial (CC) com 36% de PB. Os alimentos foram incubados no rúmen de bovinos por 33, 20 e 12 horas, correspondendo a taxas de passagens de 3, 5 e 8%/h, respectivamente. Os resíduos não-degradados no rúmen foram submetidos à digestão com solução de pepsina com pH 1,9 durante 1 hora e, posteriormente, em solução de pancreatina com pH 7,8 durante 24 horas, ambas a 38ºC. Nos resíduos desta incubação, foram determinados a MS, MO e os teores de nitrogênio total. A digestibilidade intestinal in vitro da MS não degradada no rúmen, considerando taxa de passagem de 5%/h, variou de 7,88 a 37,72%, sendo que o CC e a SI apresentaram as maiores digestibilidades. A digestibilidade da PB não-degradada no rúmen variou de 13,67 a 81,76% para mesma taxa de passagem. O GI apresentou a menor e o CC e o FS as maiores digestibilidades da PB. A digestibilidade da MO variou de 7,93 a 37,14% para a mesma taxa de passagem, sendo que o GI foi o menos digestível e o CC e a SI, os mais digestíveis. Os menores valores para a proteína digestível não degradável no rúmen (PNDR D), em g/kgMS, foram obtidos nas tortas de girassol com uma ou duas passagens, sugerindo que estes alimentos não devem ser empregados quando se deseja maiores teores de PNDR D.

Uma abordagem híbrida para o problema de seleção de fornecedores em cadeia de suprimentos

This work presents a hybrid approach for the supplier selection problem in Supply Chain Management. We joined decision-making philosophy by researchers from business school and researchers from engineering in order to deal with the problem more extensively. We utilized traditional multicriteria decision-making methods, like AHP and TOPSIS, in order to evaluate alternatives according decision maker s preferences. The both techiniques were modeled by using definitions from the Fuzzy Sets Theory to deal with imprecise data. Additionally, we proposed a multiobjetive GRASP algorithm to perform an order allocation procedure between all pre-selected alternatives. These alternatives must to be pre-qualified on the basis of the AHP and TOPSIS methods before entering the LCR. Our allocation procedure has presented low CPU times for five pseudorandom instances, containing up to 1000 alternatives, as well as good values for all considered objectives. This way, we consider the proposed model as appropriate to solve the supplier selection problem in the SCM context. It can be used to help decision makers in reducing lead times, cost and risks in their supply chain. The proposed model can also improve firm s efficiency in relation to business strategies, according decision makers, even when a large number of alternatives must be considered, differently from classical models in purchasing literature

Uso da cutina na estimativa das digestões total e parcial de alguns componentes de rações contendo diferentes fontes de nitrogênio, em bovinos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Motor de indução trifásico sem mancais com bobinado dividido: otimização do sistema de posicionamento radial

This dissertation dea1s with the active magnetic suspension controI system of an induction bearingIess motor configured with split windings. It analyses a dynamic modeI for the radial magnetic forces actuating on the rotor. From that, it proposes a new approach for the composition of the currents imposed to the machine's stator. It shows the tests accomplished with a prototype, proving the usefulness of the new actuating structure for the radial positioning controI. Finnaly, it points out the importance of adapting this structure to well-known rotational controI techniques, continuing this kind of equipment research, which is carried out at Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte since 2000

Digital monitoring of mycelium growth kinetics and vigor of shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) on agar medium

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da remoção de sulfeto de hidrogênio do gás natural em uma coluna de absorção

Natural gas, although basically composed by light hydrocarbons, also presents in its composition gaseous contaminants such as CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2S (hydrogen sulfide). Hydrogen sulfide, which commonly occurs in oil and gas exploration and production activities, besides being among the gases that are responsible by the acid rain and greenhouse effect, can also cause serious harm to health, leading even to death, and damages to oil and natural gas pipelines. Therefore, the removal of hydrogen sulfide will significantly reduce operational costs and will result in oil with best quality to be sent to refinery, thereby resulting in economical, environmental, and social benefits. These factors highlight the need for the development and improvement of hydrogen sulfide sequestrating agents to be used in the oil industry. Nowadays there are several procedures for hydrogen sulfide removal from natural gas used by the petroleum industry. However, they produce derivatives of amines that are harmful to the distillation towers, form insoluble precipitates that cause pipe clogging and produce wastes of high environmental impact. Therefore, the obtaining of a stable system, in inorganic or organic reaction media, that is able to remove hydrogen sulfide without forming by-products that affect the quality and costs of natural gas processing, transport and distribution is of great importance. In this context, the evaluation of the kinetics of H2S removal is a valuable procedure for the treatment of natural gas and disposal of the byproducts generated by the process. This evaluation was made in an absorption column packed with Raschig ring, where natural gas with H2S passes through a stagnant solution, being the contaminant absorbed by it. The content of H2S in natural gas in column output was monitored by an H2S analyzer. The comparison between the obtained curves and the study of the involved reactions have not only allowed to determine the efficiency and mass transfer controlling step of the involved processes but also make possible to effect a more detailed kinetic study and evaluate the commercial potential of each reagent

Modelagem e simulação da deposição de parafinas em escoamento turbulento

The flow assurance has become one of the topics of greatest interest in the oil industry, mainly due to production and transportation of oil in regions with extreme temperature and pressure. In these operations the wax deposition is a commonly problem in flow of paraffinic oils, causing the rising costs of the process, due to increased energy cost of pumping, decreased production, increased pressure on the line and risk of blockage of the pipeline. In order to describe the behavior of the wax deposition phenomena in turbulent flow of paraffinic oils, under different operations conditions, in this work we developed a simulator with easy interface. For that we divided de work in four steps: (i) properties estimation (physical, thermals, of transport and thermodynamics) of n-alkanes and paraffinic mixtures by using correlations; (ii) obtainment of the solubility curve and determination the wax appearance temperature, by calculating the solid-liquid equilibrium of parafinnic systems; (iii) modelling wax deposition process, comprising momentum, mass and heat transfer; (iv) development of graphic interface in MATLAB® environment for to allow the understanding of simulation in different flow conditions as well as understand the matter of the variables (inlet temperature, external temperature, wax appearance temperature, oil composition, and time) on the behavior of the deposition process. The results showed that the simulator developed, called DepoSim, is able to calculate the profile of temperature, thickness of the deposit, and the amount of wax deposited in a simple and fast way, and also with consistent results and applicable to the operation

Modelagem da transferência de massa na remoção do óleo da água produzida por flotação em coluna com uso de tensoativos de origem vegetal

The treatment of oil produced water and its implications are continually under investigation and several questions are related to this subject. In the Northeast Region Brazil, the onshore reservoirs are, in its majority, mature oil fields with high production of water. As this oil produced water has high levels of oil, it cannot be directly discarded into the environment because it represents a risk for contamination of soil, water, and groundwater, or even may cause harm to living bodies. Currently, polyelectrolytes that promote the coalescence of the oil droplets are used to remove the dispersed oil phase, enhancing the effectiveness of the flotation process. The non-biodegradability and high cost of polyelectrolytes are limiting factors for its application. On this context, it is necessary to develop studies for the search of more environmentally friendly products to apply in the flotation process. In this work it is proposed the modeling of the flotation process, in a glass column, using surfactants derived from vegetal oils to replace the polyelectrolytes, as well as to obtain a model that represents the experimental data. In addition, it was made a comparative study between the models described in the literature and the one developed in this research. The obtained results showed that the developed model presented high correlation coefficients when fitting the experimental data (R2 > 0.98), thus proving its efficiency in modeling the experimental data.

Remoção do cobre de efluente galvânico aplicando tensoativos derivado de óleos vegetais

Copper is one of the most used metals in platingprocesses of galvanic industries. The presence of copper, a heavy metal, in galvanic effluents is harmful to the environment.The main objective of this researchwas the removal ofcopperfromgalvanic effluents, using for this purpose anionic surfactants. The removal process is based on the interaction between the polar head group of the anionic surfactant and the divalent copper in solution. The surfactants used in this study were derived from soybean oil (OSS), coconut oil (OCS), and sunflower oil (OGS). It was used a copper synthetic solution (280 ppm Cu+2) simulating the rinse water from a copper acid bath of a galvanic industry. It were developed 23and 32 factorial designs to evaluate the parameters that have influence in theremoval process. For each surfactant (OSS, OCS, and OGS), the independent variables evaluated were: surfactant concentration (1.25 to 3.75 g/L), pH (5 to 9) and the presence of an anionic polymer (0 to 0.0125 g/L).From the results obtained in the 23 factorial design and in the calculus for estimatingthe stoichiometric relationship between surfactants and copper in solution, it were developed new experimental tests, varying surfactant concentration in the range of 1.25 to 6.8 g/L (32 factorial design).The results obtained in the experimental designs were subjected to statistical evaluations to obtain Pareto charts and mathematical modelsfor Copper removal efficiency (%). The statistical evaluation of the 23 and 32factorial designs, using saponifiedcoconut oil (OCS), presented the mathematical model that best described the copper removal process.It can be concluded that OCS was the most efficient anionic surfactant, removing 100% of the copper present in the synthetic galvanic solution

Avaliação e modelagem da absorção de H2S do gás natural em coluna de leito estagnado

Natural gas, although basically composed by light hydrocarbons, also presents contaminant gases in its composition, such as CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2S (hydrogen sulfide). The H2S, which commonly occurs in oil and gas exploration and production activities, causes damages in oil and natural gas pipelines. Consequently, the removal of hydrogen sulfide gas will result in an important reduction in operating costs. Also, it is essential to consider the better quality of the oil to be processed in the refinery, thus resulting in benefits in economic, environmental and social areas. All this facts demonstrate the need for the development and improvement in hydrogen sulfide scavengers. Currently, the oil industry uses several processes for hydrogen sulfide removal from natural gas. However, these processes produce amine derivatives which can cause damage in distillation towers, can cause clogging of pipelines by formation of insoluble precipitates, and also produce residues with great environmental impact. Therefore, it is of great importance the obtaining of a stable system, in inorganic or organic reaction media, able to remove hydrogen sulfide without formation of by-products that can affect the quality and cost of natural gas processing, transport, and distribution steps. Seeking the study, evaluation and modeling of mass transfer and kinetics of hydrogen removal, in this study it was used an absorption column packed with Raschig rings, where the natural gas, with H2S as contaminant, passed through an aqueous solution of inorganic compounds as stagnant liquid, being this contaminant gas absorbed by the liquid phase. This absorption column was coupled with a H2S detection system, with interface with a computer. The data and the model equations were solved by the least squares method, modified by Levemberg-Marquardt. In this study, in addition to the water, it were used the following solutions: sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate, ferric chloride, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, potassium chromate, and manganese sulfate, all at low concentrations (»10 ppm). These solutions were used looking for the evaluation of the interference between absorption physical and chemical parameters, or even to get a better mass transfer coefficient, as in mixing reactors and absorption columns operating in counterflow. In this context, the evaluation of H2S removal arises as a valuable procedure for the treatment of natural gas and destination of process by-products. The study of the obtained absorption curves makes possible to determine the mass transfer predominant stage in the involved processes, the mass transfer volumetric coefficients, and the equilibrium concentrations. It was also performed a kinetic study. The obtained results showed that the H2S removal kinetics is greater for NaOH. Considering that the study was performed at low concentrations of chemical reagents, it was possible to check the effect of secondary reactions in the other chemicals, especially in the case of KMnO4, which shows that your by-product, MnO2, acts in H2S absorption process. In addition, CuSO4 and FeCl3 also demonstrated to have good efficiency in H2S removal

Inclusão do aluno com dismotria cerebral ontogenética: analise das práticas pedagógicas

Há poucas investigações quanto às práticas educativas escolas, ou seja, os procedimentos que são utilizados pelo educador para promover a aprendizagem de seus alunos. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as práticas educativas escolares, e verificar em que medida essas práticas contribuem para a inclusão do aluno com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais. O presente estudo optou pelo estudo exploratório contemplando observações em sala de aula, bem como, no ambiente escolar. As observações ocorriam semanalmente sem datas fixas, e em horários diferentes, a fim de que fosse possível observação num ambiente típico. Utilizou-se também a entrevista e a análise de documentos do aluno (redação, provas, atividades acadêmicas) e da escola. Participaram do presente estudo um aluno que apresenta dismotria cerebral ontogenética, sua mãe, bem como, as professoras que lecionaram à ele durante os anos de 2000 e 2001. Os dados coletados auxiliaram para definir a categoria que foi foco da presente pesquisa: desempenho e rendimento escolar e percepção do aluno sobre seu processo de aprendizagem. Como conclusão o presente estudo constatou que o processo de inclusão do aluno, no tocante à inclusão física social, responde até certo grau às suas necessidades. No entanto, do ponto de vista de aprendizagem, não houve inclusão educacional, as práticas educativas observadas não contemplavam a especificidade curricular e de aprendizagem a fim de atender às necessidades do aluno.

Modernismo e tradição da oralidade na poesia :uma leitura de Clã do jabuti, de Mário de Andrade, e Catimbó, de Ascenso Ferreira

Estudio sobre los libros Clã do jabuti, de Mário de Andrade, y Catimbó, de Ascenso Ferreira, publicados en el año de 1927. Dentro del contexto del Modernismo en los años de 1920, se evidencia la filiación de los poetas con las tendencias literarias modernista y regionalista. Eso se confirma por los elementos introducidos en sus poesías, en las referidas obras, que traen el sentido de brasilidade discutido en la época, específicamente en el momento post1924. Tales elementos se refieren a las marcas de la oralidad que fueron aprovechadas esteticamente en los referidos textos, en lo que toca a la representación que poseen en el ámbito de la tradición de la cultura popular brasileña. En ese sentido, fue establecida una relación entre la moderna literatura nacional y la tradición de la cultura popular. Los textos observados muestran la diversidad cultural del país por medio de tales marcas, distinguiéndose por el aspecto nacionalista de Mário de Andrade, en consonancia con el proyecto de nación idealizado, y por el aspecto nacionalista/regionalista de Ascenso Ferreira, saliendo al encuentro de elementos nacionales y regionales. Siendo así, Clã do jabuti es un repertorio de todo Brasil y representación de la cultura nacional, de acuerdo con la brasilidade propuesta a partir de 1924; y Catimbó es la cristalización poética, en tonos de una brasilidade más norteña, de las particularidades de la región