Sistemas municipais de controle interno: fatores que condicionam a consecução de objetivos constitucionais: o caso dos municípios da Baixada Fluminense

Os escândalos envolvendo corrupção na administração pública brasileira parecem continuar recrudescendo. Os aparatos de controle não tem respondido satisfatoriamente a essa questão, não obstante os esforços efetuado pelos legisladores na elaboração da Constituição de 1988, particularmente no caso da ampliação do escopo do Controle Interno de cada poder da república, no sentido de um melhor controle da burocracia. Utilizamos a Teoria do Agente-Principal para explicar os conflitos surgidos entre os atores envolvidos, no exercício desse controle específico, em função dos diversos papéis assumidos, concomitantemente por esses mesmos atores nessas relações tipo Agente-Principal. Para identificar os fatores, oriundos dessas relações conflituosas, que condicionam a consecução dos objetivos constitucionais previstos para o Controle Interno, especificamente nos municípios da baixada fluminense, entrevistamos os responsáveis pelo Controle Interno de municípios dessa região, escolhendo uma amostra de 6 prefeituras. Entrevistamos ainda 3 técnicos do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a fim de fazer o contra-ponto das visões entre Controle Interno e Controle Externo. Os dados obtidos das entrevistas foram tratados pelo método de Análise de Conteudo, agrupando-se o material obtido por categoria, que foram definidas na grade mista, utilizada para as análises respectivas.

Evolução setorial e trajetórias tecnológicas em nível de empresas na indústria de celulose e papel no Brasil (1970 - 2004): contexto da política de substituição de importações à competição globalizada

Accordingly, a variety of firms's technological capabilities studies, the literature recently is still lacking about the dynamic of sector evolution and technological development in inter-firm and their implication for technical and economical financial performance. More lacking is the research catching up the evolution of industrial sectors after the institutional reforms in the 90. For that, the focus of the dissertation is to analyze the main of the evolution of the pulp and paper industry from 1970 to 2004, using as reference points the import-substitution policy and the economic deregulation of the 1990s. Futhermore, the work tries to evaluate how such changes at industry level have been perceived from a firm point of view in terms of accumulation of technological capabilities and improvement of economic financial performance. This linkage is tested and examined in the following firms: Aracruz (Barra do Riacho establishment ), Klabin (Monte Alegre establishment) e Votorantim Celulose e Papel ¿ VCP (Jacareí establishment), defining the same time period of sectoral level. As far as the industry level study is concerned, it is based on the average rate of annual growth of some selected variables, given that the technological capabilities test is performed according to the methodology already existing in the literature, but properly adapted to the pulp and paper case. Similarly, the analysis regarding the improvement of the economic financial performance is based on a set of industry specific indicators. Hence, the work is built upon multiple case studies, taking into account both the qualitative and quantitative evidence, i.e. interviews, direct observations, as well as firm reports. Finally, it is worth emphasizing as the analysis of the changes in the sector, in conjunction with the above mentioned methodology used to measure the technological capabilities in the context of an evolving industrial regime, is still lacking in emerging economies as well as in Brazil. According to the empirical evidence, the reforms of the 1990s had a positive impact on the industrial development, from both the national and international viewpoint. Such a transformation was evident at firm level in terms of accumulation of technological capabilities and improvement of economic financial indicators. Indeed, the results show that the speed of accumulation of technological capabilities within the firms influences positively the performance indicators. On the other hand, these are also related to external factors, such as the macroeconomic conditions, which as such have not been considered in details.

Políticas sociais e democratização: o caso da educação informal da criança e do adolescente nas quatro últimas gestões em Curitiba

Este estudo sobre a contribuição das políticas SOClaIS para o processo de democratização do Estado em sua relação com a Sociedade, pretende demonstrar a importância da instituição e evolução de mecanismos institucionais nas políticas da área da educação informal da infância e da adolescência, para que elas possam caracterizar-se como políticas sociais de cunho emancipatório e, assim, contribuir para a construção de um espaço social politizado. Intencionamos a análise dos mecanismos que tenham sido institucionalizados na cidade de Curitiba durante o período de 1983 a 1996, a fim de verificarmos o grau de democratização destas políticas. Para a realização deste estudo, desenvolvemos uma metodologia baseando-nos em nossa prática na área estudada, no objetivo de nossa pesquisa e em bibliografia que fundamenta a diferenciação entre políticas sociais e políticas assistenciais. Examinamos o processo de instituição de mecanismos institucionais durante as quatro diferentes gestões que comportam o período investigado, verificando as continuidades e descontinuidades existentes, os fatores intervenientes e o grau de participação e autonomia dos diversos sujeitos - crianças e adolescentes, seua pais, funcionários responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento das políticas, comunidade e entidades organizadas. A conclusão que esta pesquisa nos permite é a de que as políticas as políticas assistenciais somente conseguem alçar ao patamar de políticas sociais se mecanismos institucionais forem instituídos, tanto ao nível do Estado como também em sua relação com a Sociedade, isto é, se procedimentos políticos de participação e controle por parte da população forem institucionalizados.

Fatores relevantes na escolha de operadoras de telefonia de longa distância no Brasil: a ótica do usuário

This dissertation proposes to analyze how a consumer evaluates the available alternatives on a choosing process of Telecommunication Services in Brazil, specifically, among long distance services. The data were collected from a survey with 140 interviewee and they were analyzed through the Conjoint Analysis. The results from the referred survey give evidences that the relative importance of the attributes price, billing facilities and customer service have got considerably higher values than brand and financial benefits attributes. The fact that the brand is not the main point regarding the chosen process among long distance services can be justified by the almost non existence of barriers to change suppliers, due to the Telecommunication Services¿ pattern established in Brazil. This dissertation¿s limitations are presented, as well as suggestions for future research in the light of Marketing Theory

Fatores determinantes de sucesso na adoção de softwares livres em empresas privadas: algumas evidências empíricas

Nowadays, the free software has been presented as an alternative to the acquisition structure of proprietors¿ software licenses, being adopted by a large number of companies. This study presents the analysis, through a case study, of a project of proprietors¿ software migration for free platforms. The main purpose was to identify decisive factors of success in the adoption of free softwares for private companies. For this, was used the single case methodology of study, presented by Yin (2005). The theoretical referential approaches issues related to the definitions and the historic of the free software, the resistance to information systems and the change resistance. The idea is to look for the fundamentals to support the researchers understanding of the situations observed in the field. The data found at this research was analyzed using a meta-frame, which has as the main point the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Information Technology, developed by Venkatesh et al. (2003). Also, to complete this meta-frame, were used the Technology Acceptance Model, proposed by Davis (1989), and Interaction¿s Model of system and context of Use, developed by Markus (1983). The researche¿s result has been gotten by the analysis of documentation, interviews, questionnaires, direct observation and participant observation, that made possible the obtaining of valuable group of data on the researched subject. The result of this research allow the establishment of subsidies for the planning and development of project of proprietors¿ softwares migration for free softwares.

Fatores críticos de sucesso na corretagem de ações pela internet na visão do investidor: um estudo exploratório

The aim of this study is to investigate, under the perspective of the investor, the determinant factors for the success of the stock brokerage process over the Web, through financial portals in the Brazilian Internet. This study is based on a theoretical framework which shows the evolution of the electronic commerce all over the world, and, specially, in Brazil; analyses the role of intermediation, desintermediation and reintermediation in the electronic commerce; stresses the differences between the traditional stocks brokerage process and the one made possible by the Internet; and, finally, describes the profile of the investors which operates their investments in the financial markets over the Web.The conclusions of this study are obtained based on a field study, conducted with Brazilian investors that operate using Internet based financial portals for the intermediation of their stock operations. The findings obtained where analyzed under the perspective brought by the theoretical reference framework, and, based on this approach, the critical aspects for the success of stock brokerage over the Internet, under the vision of the investor, could be deducted and discussed.

Uma perspectiva chinesa sobre os fatores culturais a serem considerados pelo brasileiro no processo de negociação com o chinês

China emerges in the world as a potential economic leader and it is poised as the one of the strongest commercial partners of Brazil. China is already the third largest importer of Brazilian products and services and the prediction is to even increase that participation in the Brazilian export volume in the near future. As a consequence, there is a significant increase in commercial alliances between Brazilians and Chinese, which shows the need for the Brazilians to better understand the cultural differences when negotiating with the Chinese. The purpose of this research is to bring, from a Chinese point of view, the cultural difference in the negotiation process between Brazilians and Chinese. A better understanding of those differences will allow the Brazilians to adopt a better negotiation strategy with the Chinese in order to bring a better result. The research was developed by conducting 5 interviews with Chinese executives highly experienced in negotiation with the Brazilians. The results of this research show commons points indicated by the interviewers that have a direct impact on the negotiation process between Chinese and Brazilians.

Fatores-chave na qualidade de sistemas de home broker : uma análise teórico-empírica

This work has as main objective the development of a key factors¿ model for the quality of Home Broker systems. An explanatory research was performed, based on a quantitative approach. To achieve this goal, some theoretical models of technology acceptance (TAM, TRA, TPB and IDT), reliability and quality of service were reviewed. It was proposed an extended key factors¿ model and developed a questionnaire, which was the research instrument used in this study. The questionnaire was applied over the Internet, from which was obtained a participation of 113 valid respondents, all of them users of Home Broker system. Once performed the data collection, statistical tests were used for the Factorial Analysis in order to achieve a definitive model. The key factors found were Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Subjective Norms, Compatibility, Reliability and Relative Advantage. Some hypotheses from the model were also tested to investigate the relationship between the importance given to the factors and the resulting degree of satisfaction about quality of service. As a result of the study, a key factors¿ model for the quality of Home Broker systems was established, and identified that the factor Compatibility" has more explanatory power than the others."

Fatores relevantes na geração de valor da marca PETROBRAS - um estudo com consumidores do segmento de combustíveis

The main purpose of this study is identify and select the assessment indicators for Brand Equity (BE), in the fuels segment. Within this perspective, we have chosen to assess the influences based on the following attributes: Brand Loyalty (Lealdade à Marca ( LM), Brand Recognition (Conhecimento da Marca ( CM), Perceived Quality (Qualidade Percebida ( QP) and Brand Associations (Associações à Marca ( AM), through perception of consumers in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States. Based on deep interviews in the qualitative phase and in surveys, in the quantitative phase, we began the data analysis through Multiple Linear Regression, according to Atilgan et al. (2005) model and Ha (1996). In the first model, the (CM) was considered non-explanatory to (BE¿, and we¿ve chosen to remove it from the following study model. In the final model, besides remaining variables, demographic variables were included, such as: Family Income (Renda Familiar ( RF) and Federation State (Estado da Federação ( EF), as independent variables. The main relevant findings, through perception of consumers, indicated that the (BE) of company analyzed was better ranked in Rio de Janeiro than in São Paulo and, as for the income, higher level classes tend to have less understanding on the value of (BE) of Petrobras BR. The study finish with mentions the contribution of the research and management implication, as well as limitations and suggestions to further researchers.

Fatores relevantes na construção de processos government-to-government no Banco Central do Brasil

This dissertation seeks to recognize the factors, which are relevant to the construction of the processes Government-to-Government (G2G), and how these factors influence the success of those processes. For this research, two existing cases in Banco Central do Brasil (Bacen) were used: i) the Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN) X Senado Federal case; and the Bacen x Poder Judiciário case. The framework of this dissertation is based on the methodology of multiple study cases described by Robert Yin (2001). This work analyzed separately each of the cases and compared the results obtained in each analysis. In this way, this research aimed at analyzing the reasons that led these cases to gain such distinct outcomes, despite the existing potential benefits in each one of them. The obtained results suggest that three factors influence the success of G2G processes in a relevant way: computational safety; the culture of the organizations involved; and the capacitation of people involved. Each of these factors, according to what results showed, bring a set of considerations which should be observed by the public administrator in relation to the strategies of implementation of G2G processes.

O campo de energia elétrica no Brasil - de 1880 a 2002

Since electric power is an essential element in modern society, this paper analyzes the historic and institutional factors that have contributed to the formation and organization of the Brazilian electric sector, from the time when it started to be used in this country until the end of year 2002. This analysis is based on a linear description of historic facts, giving emphasis to crucial events ¿ or critical incidents, as they were called for the purpose of this paper. As to these happenings, the social actors who played an important role in the development of the Brazilian electric power sector were analyzed. An analytical model based on the theoretical references offered by the Institutional Theory was used. The study also highlights the elements that comprehend the development of the phenomenon in face of the ambivalence existing in a developing country, which is the case of the Brazilian electric power sector. The organizational fields that were established at the time determined by the main crucial incidents presented throughout the length of time covered by this study. The resources that the main social actors involved in the electric power sector may use by are also identified, as well as their main interests and level of influence these actors may have. Several documents were analyzed. The qualitative methodology was used. Also, many semi-structured in-depth interviews of the people who have made the history of this sector for reliability were conducted. Finally, this study includes the main elements that have shaped the institutional model of the Brazilian electric sector. It also characterizes the external environment as the element which has most influenced the sector and has also led its way throughout the different developmental phases, especially with respect to funding. The growing rates of power consumption indicate the need for a constant increase in the supply of electric power to meet the needs of society and economic development. This requires constant investment. Lack of investment is a limiting factor. Not only does it hinder the development of the country but it may also result in very unfortunate mishaps such as electric power rationing, such as the kind we had to endure a while ago.

Fatores determinantes na escolha do Brasil como exportador de serviços de tecnologia da informação

The export of information technology software services, also known as ¿offshore outsourcing¿, has raised debates in the media as well as in the academy. A lot has been written about the success of India, Ireland and Israel, the ¿3Is¿, but empirical data about Brazil is still hard to find. This dissertation proposes to identify success factors for Brazil to be chosen as a preferred location for offshore outsourcing based on a case study of an American multinational corporation, with branches in Brazil, that is systematically choosing Brazil as a preferred location for its offshore outsourcing operations. Concepts of economic globalization, internationalization of services and success factors for offshore outsourcing will be presented in the literature review and based on available literature focused on Brazil, a model of eight success factors is proposed. The empirical research was grounded on multiple data sources but the analysis was focused on a database of 219 deals that were conducted from September 2005 to May 2006, out of which Brazil was selected 57 times. The results confirm the proposed model of eight success factors. The final conclusions suggest that the process of identifying a country to perform the offshore activities is complex and that not all factors will be present at the same time, and more than that, in some cases intangible factors, such as relationship networks and emotional links with the country, have a higher weight in the decision. The results can be used in the future for in depth researches that differentiate Brazil from other countries in the offshore outsourcing market.

A Eletrobrás de hoje e a Eletrobrás do futuro: construindo cenários institucionais e identificando novos negócios

This dissertation has as objective builds institutional sceneries capable to describe possible future paths they be traveled it by the Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. - Eletrobrás. Guided for the field of the managerial strategies, the author adopted the PROSPEX method, by Eduardo Marques (2003), and the obtained results pointed three main sceneries: spotlight, light and lamp. To these sceneries, the theory of the strategic business area (SBA) was applied, what allowed to detect new businesses for Eletrobrás.

A formação do campo da saúde suplementar no Brasil

The aim of the present study is to analyze the evolution of the historical and institutional elements that generate the current design of the private health market in Brazil. Its main theoretical basis is the Theory of the Symbolic Power, by Pierre Bourdieu, complemented, in the non-conflictive aspects of these two visions, by the Anthony Giddens¿ institutional vision on the field genesis motivational factors. The research¿ data were collected through documents and semi structured interviews during 2002 e 2003 period, involving the qualitative analyze due to understand the field¿s phenomena under an actors¿ perspective. The research identifies the several players that integrate the market, their evident strategic goals, and those that are not so, besides of the powers¿ resources used to reach them, by DiMaggio and Powell¿ vision. Thus, it tries to show, through a historic linear description, and emphasis in the determinant facts, the evolution of the market¿s constitution. The study demonstrates that the field had formed from several Estate¿ actions, basically after the past seventy¿ decade, as result of a alternative Government¿ strategy towards a Brazilian population¿s dissemination plan of health¿ services that enforced the institutionalization of isomorphic structures, with a strong internal interaction and a hierarchy between kinds of values, that had emphasized the health¿ symbol as a citizenship¿s value. In the end, the study estimates that the crescent longevity¿ Brazilian¿s population and the consequent work¿s dismiss may cause a private health¿ elitism conforming a future problem in this sensible segment of the social politics of the Brazilian government.