Fulminant hepatitis: a clinical review of 11 years

24 cases of fulminant hepatitis (FH) hospitalized in the Clínica de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo during the period from January 1976 to December 1986 were reviewed from their clinical, epidemiological and laboratorial aspects. 88% of the patients died; 20 patients (83%) presented hemorrhages and, of these, 19 died. Bacterial infections occurred in 14 patients (58%) all of whom died. Ascitis was noted in 3 cases; cerebral edema was present in 16 cases. Maximal ALT levels for each patient during hospitalization ranged widely from 81 to 4,460 UI/l. Thirteen patients presented high creatinine levels (54%). Prothrombin time activity ranged from 2.1% to 67%. Fever was present in 20 cases (83%). Encephalopathy occurred within the first 2 weeks of illness in 72% of the cases. In 7 cases other illnesses were present. The etiology could not be determined in 13 cases. In 3 cases it was due to yellow fever and 6 cases were caused by viruses other than yellow fever. In one case the cause was drug usage and in another case, possibly alcohol. The authors believe that the clinical definition of FH requires further discussion before it is established. In this study FH is a young person's disease. The mortality found was similar to that by other authors. Factors that contributed to death were: hemorrhages and bacterial infection. Factors that worsened the prognosis of hepatitis were: associated illnesses and surgical procedure. The levels of ALT during hospitalization did not correlate well with the severity of the hepatitis. The authors believe that yellow fever should be considered a cause of FH where the clinical picture meets the criteria for such, although its mechanisms of encephalopathy remain obscure. The clinical details of the 3 cases of yellow fever are presented.

TEA: Timing and Energy Aware compression architecture for Efficient Configuration in CGRAs

Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRAs) are emerging as enabling platforms to meet the high performance demanded by modern applications (e.g. 4G, CDMA, etc.). Recently proposed CGRAs offer time-multiplexing and dynamic applications parallelism to enhance device utilization and reduce energy consumption at the cost of additional memory (up to 50% area of the overall platform). To reduce the memory overheads, novel CGRAs employ either statistical compression, intermediate compact representation, or multicasting. Each compaction technique has different properties (i.e. compression ratio, decompression time and decompression energy) and is best suited for a particular class of applications. However, existing research only deals with these methods separately. Moreover, they only analyze the compaction ratio and do not evaluate the associated energy overheads. To tackle these issues, we propose a polymorphic compression architecture that interleaves these techniques in a unique platform. The proposed architecture allows each application to take advantage of a separate compression/decompression hierarchy (consisting of various types and implementations of hardware/software decoders) tailored to its needs. Simulation results, using different applications (FFT, Matrix multiplication, and WLAN), reveal that the choice of compression hierarchy has a significant impact on compression ratio (up to 52%), decompression energy (up to 4 orders of magnitude), and configuration time (from 33 n to 1.5 s) for the tested applications. Synthesis results reveal that introducing adaptivity incurs negligible additional overheads (1%) compared to the overall platform area.

Aircraft Engines Maintenance Costs and Reliability: An Appraisal of the Decision Process to Remove an Engine for a Shop Visit Aiming at Minimum Maintenance Unit Cost

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação.

Energy-efficient diversity combining for different access schemes in a multi-path dispersive channel

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Electrotécnica e Computadores

Redes de acesso aleatório com capacidade de receção de múltiplos pacotes

Com o aumento do número de dispositivos móveis, os sistemas de comunicação sem fios têm evoluído de forma a aumentar os débitos de transferência de dados. Nos sistemas de comunicação sem fios tradicionais, um nó recetor apenas permite a receção de um sinal de cada vez (Single Packet Reception - SPR). Com o aparecimento de técnicas de receção múltipla (ex. CDMA, UWB, MU-MIMO), tornou-se possível a receção de múltiplos pacotes em simultâneo (Multipacket Reception - MPR). Porém, os protocolos de controlo de acesso ao meio (MAC) não foram adaptados de forma a tirar partido da capacidade de MPR no recetor. Esta dissertação aborda a condição de receção de múltiplos pacotes em simultâneo, caracterizando o número médio de pacotes recebidos, tendo em conta o número total de transmissões. A partir desta caracterização, é estudado o desempenho de três protocolos MAC. Os protocolos são baseados numa fase de negociação seguida de uma fase de transmissão. A caracterização do número médio de pacotes recebidos permite avaliar de uma forma integrada (nível físico e MAC) o desempenho dos diferentes protocolos MAC. Finalmente, a avaliação de desempenho evidencia o aumento de débito quando é utilizado MPR nas duas fases (negociação e transmissão), o que constitui um bom ponto de partida para o desenho de futuros protocolos MAC para sistemas MPR.

Molecular targeting of proteins by homocysteine: implications in familial and clinical hypercholesterolemia

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and one of its underlying causes is hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemia can have genetic (familial hypercholesterolemia, FH) and non-genetic causes (clinical hypercholesterolemia, CH), the first much more severe, with occurrence of premature atherosclerosis. While the pathophysiological role of homocysteine (Hcy) on CVD is still controversial, molecular targeting of protein by S and N-homocysteinylation offers a new paradigm to be considered in the vascular pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia. On this regard, the present study aims to give new insights on protein targeting by Hcy in both CH and FH conditions. A total of 187 subjects were included: 65 normolipidemic and 122 hypercholesterolemic. Total (tHcy) and free (fHcy) fractions were quantified in serum samples after validation of an HPLCFD method, to assess S-homocysteinylation. Also, the lactonase (LACase) activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) was quantified by a colorimetric assay, as a surrogate of N-homocysteinylation. tHcy does not differ among groups. Nevertheless, fHcy declines in the hypercholesterolemic groups, with more evidence to the FH population. Consequently, there seems to be an increase of Shomocysteinylation, regardless of lipid lowering therapy (LLT). Also, despite of LLT use, LACase activity is lower in FH, thus the risk for protein N-homocysteinylation seems to be higher. Moreover, the decrease in LACase/ApoA1 and LACase/HDL ratios in FH, shows that HDL is dysfunctional in this population, despite its normal concentration values. Data supports that the pathophysiological role of Hcy on hypercholesterolemia may reside in its ability to post-translationally modify proteins. This role is particularly evident in FH condition. In the future, it will be interesting to identify which target proteins are modified and thus involved in vascular pathology progression.

Desempenho de técnicas de acesso distribuído em sistemas de comunicação sem fios de múltipla receção

Nas redes sem fios tradicionais, os nós recetores permitem apenas uma única receção individual. Contudo com o aumento do número de dispositivos móveis nas redes sem fios, tem-se explorado novas técnicas que permitem múltiplas receções em simultâneo (Multipacket Reception) (MPR), tais como CDMA, OFDMA e MU-MIMO. Estas técnicas permitem melhorar o desempenho dos sistemas, aumentando também os débitos de transferências de dados. Apesar deste desenvolvimento, os protocolos de controlo de acesso ao meio não estão desenhados para suportar múltiplas receções, admitindo ainda os pressupostos originais. Isto faz com que se estejam a desperdiçar recursos do canal, não aproveitando ao máximo as capacidades que os sistemas MPR têm para oferecer. Nesta dissertação estuda-se a condição de receção com sucesso de múltiplas transmissões. Isto permite obter um modelo para caracterizar o número de transmissões recebidas com sucesso tendo em conta o número de nós que transmitem em simultâneo e modelando também a probabilidade de receção com sucesso individual. A partir desta caracterização, é verificado o desempenho de cinco protocolos MAC diferentes com suporte para múltiplas receções em simultâneo. Realizando uma avaliação integrada (tendo em conta o nível físico e o nível MAC) para os diferentes protocolos estudados, realiza-se uma avaliação comparativa relativamente ao débito atingido por cada um deles. Propõem-se por fim dois novos protocolos MAC com suporte para múltiplas transmissões em simultâneo para que se faça um melhor aproveitamento das capacidades permitidas pelos sistemas MPR, atingindo também melhores débitos.

Atividade farmacológica dos extratos da casca do caule do tropeiro. O Connarus fulvus, Planch

O Cannarus fulvus Planch é utilizado em Goiás por ser "bom para o coração". Este trabalho estudou, a atividade farmacológica do extrato bruto etanólico (EE) do pó da casca do caule e da fração hidrossolúvel (FH) obtida após partição benzina/água. O EE e a FH produziram em ratos e camundongos diminuição da motilidade, sonolência sem hipnose, dificuldade respiratória, analgésia e arrastamento do trem posterior; estes proporcionais às doses. As DL50 em camundongos foram 210+/-22 e 310+/-52mg/kg, i.p. para o EE e FH respectivamente. A FH prolongou o sono barbitúrico, o tempo de reação ao calor na placa, quente e antagonizou (80%) as ações convulsivantes do pentilenotetrazol, mas não as da estricnina. Protegeu (100%) camundongos contra a ação letal do pancurônio e potencializou a ação da succinilcolina. Em preparações isolada, a FH potencializou (20%) a contração do diafragma em resposta ao estímulo elétrico do nervo frênico de ratos e reverteu o bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pela d-tubocurarina, em átrios de ratos e cobaias a freqüência e a força de contração não foram alteradas. As injeções do EE e FH em ratos anestesiados produziram hipotensão (5 a 100mg/kg); doses maiores foram letais. Os dados obtidos não confirmaram ação cardiativa direta. A planta apresentou ações depressões do S.N.C., analgésica, anticonvulsivante e descurarizante.

Remoção fotocatalítica de micropoluentes em meios porosos funcionalizados

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

A realização do sujeito em complementos infinitivos de verbos causativos e percetivos no português língua de herança

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Linguagem

Association of Peripheral Arterial and Cardiovascular Diseases in Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by an elevation in the serum levels of total cholesterol and of low-density lipoproteins (LDL- c). Known to be closely related to the atherosclerotic process, FH can determine the development of early obstructive lesions in different arterial beds. In this context, FH has also been proposed to be a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Objective: This observational cross-sectional study assessed the association of PAD with other manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease, in patients with heterozygous FH. Methods: The diagnosis of PAD was established by ankle-brachial index (ABI) values ≤ 0.90. This study assessed 202 patients (35% of men) with heterozygous FH (90.6% with LDL receptor mutations), mean age of 51 ± 14 years and total cholesterol levels of 342 ± 86 mg /dL. Results: The prevalences of PAD and previous CVD were 17% and 28.2 %, respectively. On multivariate analysis, an independent association between CVD and the diagnosis of PAD was observed (OR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.004 - 6.230; p = 0.049). Conclusion: Systematic screening for PAD by use of ABI is feasible to assess patients with FH, and it might indicate an increased risk for CVD. However, further studies are required to determine the role of ABI as a tool to assess the cardiovascular risk of those patients.

Konservatismus und Rechtsextremismus : die Strategien der CDU zum Thema Rechtsextremismus : eine Untersuchung anhand parlamentarischer Beiträge der Sächsischen Union in der vierten Legislaturperiode

Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Fakultät für Humanwissenschaften, Univ., Dissertation, 2015

Spectrum of Morphologic Changes of Lymph Nodes in HIV Infection

Cervical lymph nodes biopsies from 31 HIV positive patients (with or without AIDS) were studied by histologic methods and immunohistochemistry (StreptABC staining of paraffin sections) to identify cellular and extracellular matrix components. The results were the following: (1) the biopsies were included in the stages of follicular hyperplasia without fragmentation FH-FF (4 cases); follicular hyperplasia with follicular fragmentation FH+FF (16 cases); follicular involution FI (6 cases) and diffuse pattern DP (5 cases); (2) the most important alteration was the germinal centers disruption due to follicle lysis, which began in the light zone; (3) there was coincidence between intrafollicular hemorrhages and segmental hyaline mycroangiopathy; (4) during the progression of the disease occurred: (a) an increase in the number of mast cells, CD68+ and Mac387+ macrophages; (b) a diffuse augment of collagen III, elastic fibers, laminin, fibronectin and proteoglycans; (c) maintenance of Factor VIII - related antigens in the vascular endothelial cells, with decrease in the expression of Ulex-Europeus I lectin. Follicular hyperplasia (FH-FF or FH+FF) was the most common histologic pattern recognized in the lymph nodes of patients without AIDS and follicular involution and difuse pattern were seen in those who had AIDS. The results indicate that the lymph node biopsies may provide important information about the evolutive stage of the disease and its prognosis.

Parent-child agreement and prevalence estimates of diagnoses in childhood: direct interview versus family history method.

Diagnostic information on children is typically elicited from both children and their parents. The aims of the present paper were to: (1) compare prevalence estimates according to maternal reports, paternal reports and direct interviews of children [major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety and attention-deficit and disruptive behavioural disorders]; (2) assess mother-child, father-child and inter-parental agreement for these disorders; (3) determine the association between several child, parent and familial characteristics and the degree of diagnostic agreement or the likelihood of parental reporting; (4) determine the predictive validity of diagnostic information provided by parents and children. Analyses were based on 235 mother-offspring, 189 father-offspring and 128 mother-father pairs. Diagnostic assessment included the Kiddie-schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) (offspring) and the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) (parents and offspring at follow-up) interviews. Parental reports were collected using the Family History - Research Diagnostic Criteria (FH-RDC). Analyses revealed: (1) prevalence estimates for internalizing disorders were generally lower according to parental information than according to the K-SADS; (2) mother-child and father-child agreement was poor and within similar ranges; (3) parents with a history of MDD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) reported these disorders in their children more frequently; (4) in a sub-sample followed-up into adulthood, diagnoses of MDD, separation anxiety and conduct disorder at baseline concurred with the corresponding lifetime diagnosis at age 19 according to the child rather than according to the parents. In conclusion, our findings support large discrepancies of diagnostic information provided by parents and children with generally lower reporting of internalizing disorders by parents, and differential reporting of depression and ADHD by parental disease status. Follow-up data also supports the validity of information provided by adolescent offspring.