Bioinspired polyethersulfone-based hollow fiber membranes as the scaffolds in renal assist device for protein-bound toxins removal from blood

Dissertation for obtaining the Master degree in Membrane Engineering

Preparação e caracterização de filmes poliméricos inteligentes incorporando grafenos para aplicações biomédicas

O objectivo deste trabalho foi combinar o comportamento magnético de micropartículas de óxido de grafeno (GO) modificado com Fe3O4 (GO - 0%, 0.05%, 0.1% e 0.2%) com as propriedades do polímero álcool polivinílico (PVA), nomeadamente a sua elasticidade, de forma a obter-se materiais poliméricos com capacidade de reversão das suas características estruturais, topográficas e consequentemente controlar as suas características de transporte por ajuste de campo magnético. Preparou-se e caracterizou-se filmes/membranas poliméricas de PVA com GO na presença e ausência de campo magnético. Caracterizou-se a morfologia destas membranas, através de microscopia óptica e de varrimento electrónico; o efeito na superfície de membranas por incorporação de GO através de ângulos de contacto, a avaliação da estabilidade estrutural e química através de estudos de inchamento e degradação, adsorção de proteínas e o impacto da presença de GO e o seu comportamento magnético na permeabilidade a gases. As membranas apresentaram boa afinidade com o GO, e um bom alinhamento das micropartículas quando expostas a campo. A estabilidade estrutural foi avaliada durante um período de imersão de 28 dias, usando uma solução de PBS a 0.01M, a pH 6.9 e a 37ºC. A análise dos espectros de UV-Vis obtidos para solução de imersão ao longo do tempo não revelaram degradação das membranas. O efeito na rugosidade da superfície das membranas por incorporação de GOs obteve-se através de ensaios de ângulos de contacto de glicerol. Verificou-se um aumento destes com o aumento de %GO; uma diminuição dos ângulos quando as membranas humidificadas foram expostas a um campo magnético de intensidade 0.0832T; e um aumento destes nas membranas expostas a humidade e temperatura controlada, a 50% e 17ºC. Foi observado o efeito do conteúdo magnético existente nas membranas alinhadas e não-alinhadas, com diferentes %GO, no desempenho da adsorção de BSA, submetidas a campo. Verificou-se um aumento de adsorção na membrana com menor %GO, devido provavelmente ao aumento da sua rugosidade; e a diminuição de adsorção com o aumento de intensidade de campo. Nos ensaios de permeabilidade, observou-se que a membrana de PVA (0% GO) é mais permeável ao CO2 do que ao O2. As membranas com GOs (0.05% e 0.1%) apresentam uma maior permeabilidade ao O2 do que ao CO2, devendo-se isto a uma provável alteração topográfica das membranas por incorporação das micropartículas já referidas.

As esculturas de Ernesto Jardim de Vilhena. A constituição de uma coleção nacional

O comandante Ernesto Jardim de Vilhena (n. Ferreira do Alentejo 1876 – m. Lisboa 1967) foi o mais importante coleccionador de arte em Portugal na primeira metade do século XX. Os objectos que foram sua propriedade constituem uma referência incontornável no património artístico nacional, estatal e privado. 1500 peças do núcleo de escultura foram doadas ao Estado Português pelos seus herdeiros em 1969, passando juridicamente à propriedade do Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga (MNAA) em 1980. A classificação destas esculturas como monumentos deve‐se não só à sua categoria artística intrínseca, mas também ao trabalho desenvolvido pelo MNAA. A dicotomia – Coleccionador e Museologia construtora da história da imagem esculpida – enforma esta tese para a qual os conceitos de biografia cultural dos objectos, gosto e a definição dos padrões e modos do coleccionismo artístico português da primeira metade do século XX se afirmam igualmente como fundamentos analíticos do conceito pessoal de património de Ernesto de Vilhena.

Lagochilascaris minor: antibody production in experimentally infected mice

Lagochilascaris minor is the causative agent of lagochilascariosis, a disease that affects the neck region and causes festering abscesses, with eggs, adult parasites and L3/L4 larvae within the purulent exudates. Today, mice are considered to be intermediate hosts for the parasite. C57BL/6 mice produce immunoglobulin IgM, IgA and IgG against the crude extract of the parasite; on the other hand, antibodies produced against the secreted/excreted antigens of Lagochilascaris minor present lower levels of IgM, IgA and IgG. This is the first description of antibody detection against different antigens of Lagochilascaris minor.

Alves Redol - o olhar das ciências sociais

Alves Redol – O olhar das ciências sociais é o resultado da leitura da obra do escritor Alves Redol por antropólogos, historiadores, geógrafos, sociólogos, etnógrafos, folcloristas e outros cientistas sociais. Participam neste livro António Mota Redol, Luísa Tiago de Oliveira, Helena Neves, Cristina Santinho, Joana Alcântara, Inês Fonseca, Jorge Crespo, Paulo Dias Oliveira, Mariana Nascimento, Pedro Ferreira, Fernando Oliveira Baptista, Vítor Viçoso, David Santos, Luís Maçarico, Miguel Falcão, João Madeira, Maria Alice Samara, Carina Infante do Carmo, João Edral, António Monteiro Cardoso, Gaspar Martins Pereira, Shawn Parkhurst, Miguel Cardina, Paulo Mendes, Sónia Almeida, Domingos Morais, Filomena Sousa, João Monteiro Serrano e Paula Godinho.

Construção de Sistemas Integrados de Gestão para Micro e Pequenas Empresas

As Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPE) possuem na sua essência recursos limitados. Raramente possuem um Sistema Integrado de Gestão (SIG) que lhes permita gerir o seu negócio de forma transversal e que mapeie todos os processos da empresa. Devido ao número reduzido de colaboradores, não dispõem internamente alguns serviços. O seu espaço de mercado é em geral limitado. As suas competências específicas raramente permitem apresentar uma oferta global. Por serem pequenas, não têm força negocial perante os seus fornecedores e eventuais parceiros estratégicos. A Arquitetura de Sistemas de Informação (ASI) permite representar e mapear os diversos aspetos da gestão das empresas e alinhar as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) com as necessidades destas empresas. Este trabalho pretende apresentar e descrever uma Macro Arquitetura para a construção de SIG, orientados para as MPE, e que inclua um conjunto de serviços integrados numa única plataforma.

Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among different exposure categories in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological studies concerning HCV genotypic distribution in the Brazilian Amazon are scarce. Thus, this study determined the patterns of distribution of HCV genotypes among different exposure categories in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 312 HCV-infected individuals belonging to different categories of exposure, who were attended at the HEMOPA, CENPREN and a private hemodialysis clinic in Belém. They were tested for HCV antibodies using an immunoenzymatic test, RNA-HCV, using real-time PCR and HCV genotyping through phylogenetic analysis of the 5' UTR. The population groups were epidemiologically characterized according to data collected in a brief interview or medical consultation. RESULTS: Genotype 1 predominated in all the different categories of HCV exposure. HCV genotypic distribution among blood donors comprised genotypes 1 (94%) and 3 (6%). All patients with chronic hematologic diseases had HCV genotype 1. The genotypic distribution in illicit-drug users comprised genotypes 1 (59.6%) and 3 (40.4%). In patients under hemodialysis, genotypes 1 (90.1%), 2 (3.3%), and 3 (6.6%) were detected. Finally, the frequency of genotypes 1 and 3 was significantly different between the groups: BD and DU, PUH and DU, PUH and PCHD and PCHD and DU. CONCLUSIONS: The genotypic frequency and distribution of HCV in different categories of exposure in the State of Pará showed a predominance of genotype 1, regardless of the possible risk of infection.

Is there space to build one more transshipment terminal within Portuguese territory?

NSBE - UNL

How to improve Sonae's processes of suppliers of services' management?

Sonae is one of the greatest retailers in Portugal. As the business got bigger, it centralized operations. Direcção de Serviços Administrativos processes all invoices sent by suppliers. However, there are many which deliver errors and are not processed automatically. As a result, there are lost invoices and suppliers who are not paid, while the company’s accountability becomes less transparent. Such is due to a lack of proactive attitude towards suppliers as well as to a lack of incentives for employees to perform well. Great savings may be achieved with little effort, if the right things are measured so that the right tools may be applied.

Experimental and modeling studies on reverse electrodialysis for sustainable power generation

A potentially renewable and sustainable source of energy is the chemical energy associated with solvation of salts. Mixing of two aqueous streams with different saline concentrations is spontaneous and releases energy. The global theoretically obtainable power from salinity gradient energy due to World’s rivers discharge into the oceans has been estimated to be within the range of 1.4-2.6 TW. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is one of the emerging, membrane-based, technologies for harvesting the salinity gradient energy. A common RED stack is composed by alternately-arranged cation- and anion-exchange membranes, stacked between two electrodes. The compartments between the membranes are alternately fed with concentrated (e.g., sea water) and dilute (e.g., river water) saline solutions. Migration of the respective counter-ions through the membranes leads to ionic current between the electrodes, where an appropriate redox pair converts the chemical salinity gradient energy into electrical energy. Given the importance of the need for new sources of energy for power generation, the present study aims at better understanding and solving current challenges, associated with the RED stack design, fluid dynamics, ionic mass transfer and long-term RED stack performance with natural saline solutions as feedwaters. Chronopotentiometry was used to determinate diffusion boundary layer (DBL) thickness from diffusion relaxation data and the flow entrance effects on mass transfer were found to avail a power generation increase in RED stacks. Increasing the linear flow velocity also leads to a decrease of DBL thickness but on the cost of a higher pressure drop. Pressure drop inside RED stacks was successfully simulated by the developed mathematical model, in which contribution of several pressure drops, that until now have not been considered, was included. The effect of each pressure drop on the RED stack performance was identified and rationalized and guidelines for planning and/or optimization of RED stacks were derived. The design of new profiled membranes, with a chevron corrugation structure, was proposed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The performance of the suggested corrugation geometry was compared with the already existing ones, as well as with the use of conductive and non-conductive spacers. According to the estimations, use of chevron structures grants the highest net power density values, at the best compromise between the mass transfer coefficient and the pressure drop values. Finally, long-term experiments with natural waters were performed, during which fouling was experienced. For the first time, 2D fluorescence spectroscopy was used to monitor RED stack performance, with a dedicated focus on following fouling on ion-exchange membrane surfaces. To extract relevant information from fluorescence spectra, parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was performed. Moreover, the information obtained was then used to predict net power density, stack electric resistance and pressure drop by multivariate statistical models based on projection to latent structures (PLS) modeling. The use in such models of 2D fluorescence data, containing hidden, but extractable by PARAFAC, information about fouling on membrane surfaces, considerably improved the models fitting to the experimental data.

Importance of decision-making in a purchasing context – DPS Case Study

This work project has the objective of exploring the importance of making good decisions on supplier selection, so that the purchasing department can contribute to the success of a company. For that it is presented a short bibliography review of the latest insights that were found relevant, on the subjects of purchasing, technology, outsourcing, supplier selection and decision-making techniques. For a better understating on how to deal with a decision-making situation, a case study is also presented: Digital Printing Solutions (DPS) is a Portuguese company that provides complete and integrated printing solutions and has been planning to contract a software supplier. DPS has no formal supplier-selection model and it has to choose between 2 suppliers. The case study was solved using the M-MACBETH software. I have found that complex decisions-making situations can be easily overcome by using the M-MACBETH decision model. Moreover, the usage of a model, instead of decision that follows no formal procedure, provides the decision maker with insights that can be useful to negotiate with the supplier.

How to promote and enhance communication between a big retailer's after-sales department and its suppliers

W is the biggest electronic goods retailer in Portugal accounting with almost fifty percent of market share in its area. During the last years, many small W suppliers had to close their doors, and many others are in huge troubles. Among the reason for this situation, the huge bargaining power of W in the relationship seems crucial. The focus of the directed research will be in the after sales department where I did an internship from September 2014 to January 2015.

NAV Portugal's performance within the single European Sky Initiative

NAV Portugal is the Air Navigation Service Provider in Portugal, providing air traffic control services in the airspace under the country’s responsibility. Recently, the company has been included in an initiative launched by the European Commission, called the Single European Sky. This aims for a unification of the European airspace, improving it in four main pillars: safety, capacity, environment, and cost-efficiency. To each of them, Key Performance Indicators need to be computed and monitored, all having pre-defined targets. The presented work project will be analyzing how NAV Portugal is doing in the pillar of capacity, proving suggestions if needed.

Shrinking shrinkage:How and why is fruit shrinkage being caused in Sonaemc's convenience stores? Finding opportunities of improvement envisioning its optimization

This work project regards a challenge presented by a Portuguese organization on the retail sector, SONAEMC, which is a case study of how and why fruit shrinkage occurs in the fruit supply chain within their convenience stores. A qualitative research methodology enabled to infer in which stages throughout the chain shrinkage’s causes occur and, to conclude that internal rules for procedures and processes are not always followed and whose compliance would be enough to reduce fruit shrinkage. The key conclusion is that if fruit stock loss is reduced by as much as 15% the category’s profitability could increase about 8%.

Optimization of the electrodialytic phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash

Phosphorus (P) is becoming a scarce element due to the decreasing availability of primary sources. Therefore, recover P from secondary sources, e.g. waste streams, have become extremely important. Sewage sludge ash (SSA) is a reliable secondary source of P. The use of SSAs as a direct fertilizer has very restricted legislation due to the presence of inorganic contaminants. Furthermore, the P present in SSAs is not in a plant-available form. The electrodialytic (ED) process is one of the methods under development to recover P and simultaneously remove heavy metals. The present work aimed to optimize the P recovery through a 2 compartment electrodialytic cell. The research was divided in three independent phases. In the first phase, ED experiments were carried out for two SSAs from different seasons, varying the duration of the ED process (2, 4, 6 and 9 days). During the ED treatment the SSA was suspended in distilled water in the anolyte, which was separated from the catholyte by a cation exchange membrane. From both ashes 90% of P was successfully extracted after 6 days of treatment. Regarding the heavy metals removal, one of the SSAs had a better removal than the other. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that SSAs from different seasons can be submitted to ED process under the same parameters. In the second phase, the two SSAs were exposed to humidity and air prior to ED, in order to carbonate them. Although this procedure was not successful, ED experiments were carried out varying the duration of the treatment (2 and 6 days) and the period of air exposure that SSAs were submitted to (7, 14 and 30 days). After 6 days of treatment and 30 days of air exposure, 90% of phosphorus was successfully extracted from both ashes. No differences were identified between carbonated and non-carbonated SSAs. Thus, SSAs that were exposed to the air and humidity, e.g. SSAs stored for 30 days in an open deposit, can be treated under the same parameters as the SSAs directly collected from the incineration process. In the third phase, ED experiments were carried out during 6 days varying the stirring time (0, 1, 2 and 4 h/day) in order to investigate if energy can be saved on the stirring process. After 6 days of treatment and 4 h/day stirring, 80% and 90% of P was successfully extracted from SSA-A and SSA-B, respectively. This value is very similar to the one obtained for 6 days of treatment stirring 24 h/day.