Attitude in students of Health Sciences toward scientific knowledge

Educating health professionals implies the challenge of creating and developing an inquiring mind, ready to be in a state of permanent questioning. For this purpose, it is fundamental to generate a positive attitude toward the generation of knowledge and science. Objective: to determine the attitude toward science and the scientific method in undergraduate students of health sciences. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was made by applying a self-administered survey, excluding those who were transferred from other universities and repeated. The attitude toward science and the scientific method were valued using the scale validated and published by Hren, which contains three domains: value of scientific knowledge, value of scientific methodology, and value of science for health professions. Results: 362 students were included, 86,6% of them graded the attitude toward scientific knowledge above 135 points, neutral scale value. Similar scores were registered in the domains value of scientific knowlede for the human dimension of the students and value of science for health professions. 91,4% of the students graded the value of scientific methodology below 48 points. Conclusions: the favorable attitude of the students can be explained by the contact that they have with the scientific method since the beginning of their studies and its concordance with the evolution of science. The domain value of scientific methodology obtained the lowest grade on the part of the students, which could be related to the lack of knowledge about scientific methodology.

La medida de la eficacia docente. Descripci??n y aplicaci??n del Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory : un instrumento predictor

Ofrecer una panor??mica que pretende incluir el fundamento de la evaluaci??n en general, su concreci??n en el ??mbito de la evaluaci??n del docente, es decir, de su eficacia describiendo modalidades e instrumentos de evaluaci??n y sus agentes. Analizar una de esas modalidades: Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory a partir de una experiencia concreta. Hip??tesis: A) La clasificaci??n ordinal atendiendo a los promedios obtenidos en las calificaciones de las asignaturas cursadas durante la carrera, no guardan correlaci??n significativa con las puntuaciones del Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory. B) Las calificaciones en la asignatura de Did??ctica obtenidas por los alumnos de segundo curso guardan correlaci??n con las puntuaciones en el MTAI. C) Las actitudes de los estudiantes de Magisterio frente a la Educaci??n, despu??s de haber realizado su per??odo largo de pr??cticas docentes -3 meses-, se modifican negativamente. Alumnos de los tres cursos de las Escuelas de Formaci??n del Profesorado de EGB de Barcelona y Tarragona (oficiales) y Blanquerna de Barcelona (no oficial), durante el mes de mayo de 1979. Definidos los planteamientos te??ricos se aplica el MTAI despu??s de haberle hecho unas adaptaciones formales para poderlo aplicar a nuestro contexto y confeccionar una hoja de respuestas m??s operativa y ??til para la correcci??n manual con plantilla. En base a unas hip??tesis y disponiendo de unos datos se analizan los resultados y se extraen las conclusiones pertinentes. Consultas personales, textos, documentos y revistas educativas. MTAI (mide las actitudes, prev?? las relaciones que se establecen en la clase y la satisfacci??n que el futuro educador obtendr?? de la Ense??anza como profesi??n). Tabulaci??n de los datos mediante puntuaciones medias globales, pol??gonos de frecuencias, correlaciones graduales y correlaciones lineales. Las puntuaciones obtenidas no se corresponden con las de los baremos americanos, la media en el baremo es de 59.5 y la de nuestros estudiantes apenas sobrepasa el 30. Hay una necesidad de adaptaciones y validaciones completas para pruebas de prestigio en otras ??reas geogr??ficas. El instrumento es ??til para servirse de ??l como referencia, a pesar de las deficiencias que implica la aplicaci??n directa e inmediata tras la traducci??n del original.

Antecedents of the attitude towards inter-group reconciliation in a setting of armed conflict

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Psychometric properties of the Spanish Adaptation of the School Attitude Assessment Survey-Revised

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Adaptation of the Evidence-Based Practices Attitude Scale in Spanish child welfare professionals

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

The effectiveness of directional microphone alignment in the Baha Divino

The primary objective of this research study is to determine if off-vertical directional microphone alignments of the Baha Divino significantly impact the Reception Threshold for Sentences (RTS, in dB) using the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) in a diffuse listening situation.

Electric field alignment in thin films of cylinder-forming diblock copolymer

We investigate thin films of cylinder-forming diblock copolymer confined between electrically charged parallel plates, using self-consistent-field theory ( SCFT) combined with an exact treatment for linear dielectric materials. Our study focuses on the competition between the surface interactions, which tend to orient cylinder domains parallel to the plates, and the electric field, which favors a perpendicular orientation. The effect of the electric field on the relative stability of the competing morphologies is demonstrated with equilibrium phase diagrams, calculated with the aid of a weak-field approximation. As hoped, modest electric fields are shown to have a significant stabilizing effect on perpendicular cylinders, particularly for thicker films. Our improved SCFT-based treatment removes most of the approximations implemented by previous approaches, thereby managing to resolve outstanding qualitative inconsistencies among different approximation schemes.

Wormlike micelle formation and flow alignment of a pluronic block copolymer in aqueous solution

The self-assembly into wormlike micelles of a poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer Pluronic P84 in aqueous salt solution (2 M NaCl) has been studied by rheology, small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS), and light scattering. Measurements of the flow curves by controlled stress rheometry indicated phase separation under flow. SAXS on solutions subjected to capillary flow showed alignment of micelles at intermediate shear rates, although loss of alignment was observed for high shear rates. For dilute solutions, SAXS and static light scattering data on unaligned samples could be superposed over three decades in scattering vector, providing unique information on the wormlike micelle structure over several length scales. SANS data provided information on even shorter length scales, in particular, concerning "blob" scattering from the micelle corona. The data could be modeled based on a system of semiflexible self-avoiding cylinders with a circular cross-section, as described by the wormlike chain model with excluded volume interactions. The micelle structure was compared at two temperatures close to the cloud point (47 degrees C). The micellar radius was found not to vary with temperature in this region, although the contour length increased with increasing temperature, whereas the Kuhn length decreased. These variations result in an increase of the low-concentration radius of gyration with increasing temperature. This was consistent with dynamic light scattering results, and, applying theoretical results from the literature, this is in agreement with an increase in endcap energy due to changes in hydration of the poly(ethylene oxide) blocks as the temperature is increased.

A SAXS study of flow alignment of thermotropic liquid crystal mixtures

We report on the capillary flow behaviour of thermotropic liquid crystal mixtures containing 4-n-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) and 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB). The liquid crystal mixtures are studied in the Nematic (N) and Smectic (SA) phases at room temperature. Polarised optical microscopy (POM), rheology and simultaneous X-ray diffraction (XRD)/capillary flow experiments are performed to characterise the system. Polarised optical microscopy reveals a dramatic change in optical texture when the 5CB content is increased from 20 to 30% in the mixtures. X-ray diffraction results show that the system goes through a SA-N phase transition, such that the mixtures are smectic for 10-20% 5CB and nematic for 30-90% 5CB. Smectic mixtures flow with the layers aligned along the flow direction (mesogens perpendicular to flow) while nematic mixtures flow with the mesogens aligned in the flow direction. Simultaneous XRD/shear flow experiments show that the SA-N transition is independent of the flow rate in the range 1-6 ml min-1. The correlation length of the liquid crystal order decreases with increasing 5CB content. Rheology is used to prove that the correlation length behaviour is related to a reduction in the viscosity of the mixture.

Formation of a one-dimensional helical alignment of water molecules within a water-mediated supramolecular helix using molecular self-assembly of a water-soluble short pseudopeptide

The reported pseudopeptide 1 adopts a double turn molecular conformation consisting of an intramolecular 9-membered turn together with a water-mediated 11-atom turn and this pseudopeptide 1 self-assembles to form a water-mediated supramolecular helical structure with internal water molecules, which are aligned in a ID helical array. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structure, rheology and shear alignment of Pluronic block copolymer mixtures

The structure and flow behaviour of binary mixtures of Pluronic block copolymers P85 and P123 is investigated by small-angle scattering, rheometry and mobility tests. Micelle dimensions are probed by dynamic light scattering. The micelle hydrodynamic radius for the 50/50 mixture is larger than that for either P85 or P123 alone, Clue to the formation of mixed micelles with a higher association number. The phase diagram for 50/50 mixtures contains regions Of Cubic and hexagonal phases similar to those for the parent homopolymers, however the region of stability of the cubic phase is enhanced at low temperature and concentrations above 40 wt%. This is ascribed to favourable packing of the mixed micelles containing core blocks with two different chain lengths, but similar corona chain lengths. The shear flow alignment of face-centred cubic and hexagonal phases is probed by in situ small-angle X-ray or neutron scattering with simultaneous rheology. The hexagonal phase can be aligned using steady shear in a Couette geometry, however the high modulus Cubic phase cannot be aligned well in this way. This requires the application of oscillatory shear or compression. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chromatographic alignment of LC-MS and LC-MS/MS datasets by genetic algorithm feature extraction

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) datasets can be compared or combined following chromatographic alignment. Here we describe a simple solution to the specific problem of aligning one LC-MS dataset and one LC-MS/MS dataset, acquired on separate instruments from an enzymatic digest of a protein mixture, using feature extraction and a genetic algorithm. First, the LC-MS dataset is searched within a few ppm of the calculated theoretical masses of peptides confidently identified by LC-MS/MS. A piecewise linear function is then fitted to these matched peptides using a genetic algorithm with a fitness function that is insensitive to incorrect matches but sufficiently flexible to adapt to the discrete shifts common when comparing LC datasets. We demonstrate the utility of this method by aligning ion trap LC-MS/MS data with accurate LC-MS data from an FTICR mass spectrometer and show how hybrid datasets can improve peptide and protein identification by combining the speed of the ion trap with the mass accuracy of the FTICR, similar to using a hybrid ion trap-FTICR instrument. We also show that the high resolving power of FTICR can improve precision and linear dynamic range in quantitative proteomics. The alignment software, msalign, is freely available as open source.