Regula����o e concorr��ncia intramodal no transporte ferrovi��rio de carga sob a perspectiva comparada Brasil-Alemanha

A concorr��ncia intramodal �� uma forma de mitiga����o dos problemas derivados de um monop��lio natural. Os setores assim estruturados caracterizam-se por elevados custos fixo e a fundo perdido, com grandes economias de escala e necessidade de elevada escala m��nima de efici��ncia para viabiliza����o da atividade. Essas circunst��ncias impedem que a concorr��ncia, em seu sentido mais ��bvio, seja ali instaurada. Esse �� o caso do setor ferrovi��rio, onde se verifica a inviabilidade econ��mica de duplica����o da infraestrutura. Entretanto, a depender da pol��tica regulat��ria adotada pelo Estado, um ambiente mais competitivo pode ser instaurado. O trabalho prop��e uma an��lise comparada entre o modelo regulat��rio implementado na Alemanha, a partir das reformas ferrovi��rias propostas pela Uni��o Europeia, buscando extrair da experi��ncia estrangeira aprendizados quanto aos dilemas enfrentados e caracter��sticas desejadas ao modelo institucional brasileiro para as novas concess��es ferrovi��rias nacionais previstas no Plano Nacional de Investimento em Log��stica (PIL). O objetivo da an��lise consiste em verificar qual foi o modelo regulat��rio aplicado pela Alemanha para garantir par��metros satisfat��rios de concorr��ncia intramodal e o modelo proposto pelo Governo Federal, com o objetivo de incentivar a amplia����o do uso desse modal na cadeia log��stica brasileira, assim como aumentar a densidade da malha. Para permitir uma efetiva compara����o dos modelos, faz-se necess��rio proceder preliminarmente a um breve entendimento sobre os arranjos regulat��rios existentes que objetivam garantir o acesso �� malha ferrovi��ria: o tr��fego m��tuo, o direito de passagem e as formas de unbundling. A hip��tese de investiga����o consiste em observar que as mudan��as na regula����o setorial que est��o sendo consideradas pelo governo brasileiro se distanciam tanto do modelo que foi utilizado para a desestatiza����o do setor, nos anos 90, quanto da experi��ncia alem�� de unbundling.

Os efeitos da cultura nas relações entre estilo de lideran��a, confian��a e comprometimento: comparando equipes de opera����es especiais no Brasil e Estados Unidos

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a influ��ncia da cultura no estilo de lideran��a em equipes de opera����es especiais, usando como refer��ncia te��rica principal as pesquisas de Geert Hofstede sobre dimens��es culturais. Buscamos entender como os elementos da cultura nacional e da cultura organizacional influenciam o estilo de lideran��a comparando equipes de opera����es especiais do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos. As unidades brasileiras estudadas foram o Batalh��o de Opera����es Especiais (BOPE) da Pol��cia Militar do Rio de Janeiro e a Coordenadoria de Recursos Especiais (CORE) da Pol��cia Civil do Rio de Janeiro. A equipe de opera����es especiais estudada nos Estados Unidos foi a SWAT. Os resultados apontam para a influ��ncia da cultura organizacional, e n��o da cultura nacional, no estilo de lideran��a.

O Congresso Nacional, as relações civis-militares e a pol��tica de defesa no Brasil (1999-2014)

A partir de 2008, o Brasil empreendeu um conjunto de a����es na ��rea de defesa nacional sem precedentes desde a redemocratiza����o do pa��s. A publica����o da Estrat��gia Nacional de Defesa foi um marco nesse processo. O documento viabilizou reformas no Minist��rio da Defesa e a expans��o de projetos estrat��gicos para reaparelhar as For��as Armadas. Pela primeira vez, os investimentos chegaram a superar os gastos com custeio no or��amento destinado �� defesa. Al��m disso, os militares ampliaram os servi��os sociais na Amaz��nia e participaram mais ativamente de a����es de seguran��a p��blica nas metr��poles brasileiras. O objetivo deste estudo �� avaliar como essa nova conjuntura impactou nas atividades parlamentares relacionadas �� defesa nacional e aos assuntos militares. Para isso, foi feito um levantamento de todas as proposi����es de deputados federais e de senadores relacionadas ao tema desde 1999, ano de cria����o do Minist��rio da Defesa. Os resultados demonstram que a defesa nacional continua tendo um papel secund��rio no Congresso Nacional. Apesar da instala����o de frentes parlamentares, subcomiss��es e o uso de outros instrumentos in��ditos que conferiram visibilidade ao tema nas casas legislativas, a quantidade de iniciativas diminuiu nos ��ltimos anos. Em contrapartida, institui����es de controle, fiscaliza����o e investiga����o, como o Minist��rio P��blico e o TCU, t��m sido mais atuantes. No mais, observamos que os deputados mais ativos v��m de estados com maior quantidade de militares em propor����o ao n��mero de habitantes. Isso sugere uma conex��o eleitoral na atua����o nas quest��es de defesa.

Semin��rio Brasil e China no reordenamento das relações internacionais: oportunidade e desafios. Brasil e China: de conflitos de interesses �� busca de uma agenda comum

O objetivo deste artigo �� analisar as relações econ��micas entre Brasil e China, principalmente, com��rcio internacional e investimentos e os impactos da pol��tica de com��rcio internacional da China para o Brasil. Em face da crescente presen��a chinesa na pauta de importa����es e exporta����es brasileiras e dos investimentos massivos que v��m sendo feitos no Brasil, procura-se examinar os principais pontos de conflito que essas relações v��m criando. Finalmente, o artigo visa a propor uma agenda comum positiva para dirimir os conflitos gerados nas relações comerciais entre Brasil e China no contexto atual

Brasil e Uni��o Europeia na OMC: relações econ��micas, disputas comerciais, crise financeira e c��mbio

O presente artigo tem por objetivo tra��ar breve panorama sobre as relações comerciais bilaterais entre Brasil e Uni��o Europeia, especialmente considerando suas relações na Organiza����o Mundial do Com��rcio. Para tal, o artigo divide-se em tr��s partes. A primeira analisa as relações comerciais entre Brasil e UE nos ��ltimos anos, a diversidade e qualidade da pauta de com��rcio e a evolu����o das negocia����es de um APC inter-blocos (Mercosul ��� UE). A segunda parte examina as disputas comerciais passadas e atuais no ��mbito da OMC, n��o se restringindo apenas ��quelas envolvendo o Brasil e a UE, mas tamb��m os demais estados parte do Mercosul, dado que as tens��es comerciais existentes entre estes e o bloco europeu podem trazer consequ��ncias para as relações brasileiras com a UE. Finalmente, a terceira parte do artigo analisa os desafios e perspectivas atuais da rela����o bilateral, dedicando-se a compreender os efeitos da crise e da quest��o cambial sobre o futuro da rela����o comercial Brasil-UE

G��NERO E RELA����ES DE PODER NO PENTECOSTALISMO: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE A IGREJA DE CRISTO NO BRASIL E A COMUNIDADE EVANG��LICA SARA NOSSA TERRA

Based on the empirical comparative study between two churches from Pentecostal guidance - both located in Parnamirim/RN - and supported on a dialogic interaction between my interlocutors and theoretical references, I proposed me to reflect about how this protestant segment represents and articulates questions such as gender and power relationships, and the daily impact of that in their followers life. In other words, this dissertation aims to understand the reason of the asymmetry attributed to male and female, especially in what concerns the distribution of ecclesiastic works and the authority given to male, as well as the implication of this reality in the reconfiguration of morality and religious praxis in daily life of individuals and involved groups. From this perspective, this work was divided in three chapters, in which I investigate the tension/relationship between faith and secularism, for from this question on concessions and/or prohibitions related to the limits and involvement of the followers with the world and with the very Pentecostal ethos arise. I also analyze here aspects concerning to both ecclesiastic hierarchy and power, with the objective of elucidating how it occurs, what kind of criteria and implications they consider as well as about the nature of the religious labor division between men and women and, finally, I try to understand how the conversion/adhesion of members is reflected in the redefinitions of gender and its relationship between the ecclesiastical and domestic spaces. The diligence and energy spent in this work is in the hope that its fruits can corroborate in the expansion of anthropological knowledge which, in this particular case, involves the Brazilian Pentecostal phenomenon

As relações entre o p��blico e o privado no processo de expans��o do ensino superior no Brasil: democratiza����o ou mercantiliza����o?

The present study analyzes the expansion of Brazilian superior education, investigating how the public and the private sectors are inserted in this process, taking as analysis dimensions the philanthropic actions, the democratization and the mercantilism. The study had for general objective to analyze the dynamics of the expansion of superior education in Brazil, investigating how it configures the overlap between the public and the private in this process. More specifically was tried: a) to understand the process of participation of the non-state public, state and private sectors with lucrative goals in the expansion of superior education; b) to analyze the limits between the democratization and mercantilism in the process of expansion of superior education; c) to analyze the mechanisms that express the privatization in the process of expansion of superior education; d) to investigate, in a program of the government, how is materialized the overlap between the public and the private, in the expansion of superior education. In the development of the study, was adopted as theoretician and methodological way a historical and critical perspective, because is considered it allows to understand the mediations between the inquiry subject and the historical context in which it is developed, allowing, this way, the true explanation of the studied object. About the technician procedures, it was adopted documentary and bibliographical research. Also, secondary data were searched on the main governmental web sites (INEP, SISPROUNI, INEP, PNUD; IBGE) which produce statistics on superior education and sponsors of private institutions of superior education, as example ABMES and the Court of Accounts of the Union, amongst others. The study results had delineated a picture that allows to evidence that has been occurring, in the country, a process of expansion of superior education, marked for the articulated participation of the public state, private with lucrative ends and private without lucrative ends sectors, but it is distinguished in recent years the prevalence of the private sector with lucrative ends. In result, it is concluded that this process of expansion cannot be considered as dimension of the democratization because it occurs by means that move it away from the education as a right to be placed in the scope of the market, changing the right into a service that is appropriated by mercantile relations

Geologia, Geocronologia, Geoqu��mica e Petrog��nese das Rochas ��gneas Cret��cicas da Prov��ncia Magm��tica do Cabo e suas Relações com as Unidades Sedimentares da Bacia de Pernambuco (NE do Brasil)

The area studied forms a thin NNE-directed belt situated south of Recife town (Pernambuco state), northeastern Brazil. Geologically, it comprises the Pernambuco Basin (PB), which is limited by the Pernambuco Lineament to the north, the Maragogi high to the south and the Pernambuco Alagoas massif to the west, all of them with Precambrian age. This thesis reports the results obtained for the Cabo Magmatic Province (CMP), aiming the characterization of the geology, stratigraphy, geochronology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Cretaceous igneous rocks presented in the PB. The PB is composed of the Cabo Formation (rift phase) at the base (polymictic conglomerates, sandstones, shales), an intermediate unit, the Estiva Formation (marbles and argillites), and, at the top, the Algodoais Formation (monomictic conglomerates, sandstones, shales). The CMP is represented by trachytes, rhyolites, pyroclastics (ignimbrites), basalts / trachy-andesites, monzonites and alkali-feldspar granite, which occur as dykes, flows, sills, laccoliths and plugs. Field observations and well descriptions show that the majority of the magmatic rocks have intrusive contacts with the Cabo Formation, although some occurrences are also suggestive of synchronism between volcanism and siliciclastic sedimentation. 40Ar/39Ar and zircon fission tracks for the magmatic rocks indicate an average age of 102 r 1 Ma for the CMP. This age represents an expressive event in the province and is detected in all igneous dated materials. It is considered as a minimum age (Albian) for the magmatic episode and the peak of the rift phase in the PB. The 40Ar/39Ar dates are about 10-14 Ma younger than published palynologic ages for this basin. Geochemically, the CMP may be divided in two major groups; i) a transitional to alkaline suite, constituted by basalts to trachy-andesites (types with fine-grained textures and phenocrysts of sanidine and plagioclase), trachytes (porphyrytic texture, with phenocrysts of sanidine and plagioclase) and monzonites; ii) a alkaline suite, highly fractionated, acidic volcano-plutonic association, formed by four subtypes (pyroclastic flows ignimbrites, fine-to medium-grained rhyolites, a high level granite, and later rhyolites). These four types are distinguished essentially by field aspects and petrographic and textural features. Compatible versus incompatible trace element concentrations and geochemical modeling based on both major and trace elements suggest the evolution through low pressure fractional crystallization for trachytes and other acidic rocks, whereas basalts / trachy-andesites and monzonites evolved by partial melting from a mantle source. Sr and Nd isotopes reveal two distinct sources for the rocks of the CMP. Concerning the acidic ones, the high initial Sr ratios (ISr = 0.7064-1.2295) and the negative HNd (-0.43 to -3.67) indicate a crustal source with mesoproterozoic model ages (TDM from 0.92 to 1.04 Ga). On the other hand, the basic to intermediate rocks have low ISr (0.7031-0.7042) and positive HNd (+1.28 to +1.98), which requires the depleted mantle as the most probable source; their model ages are in the range 0.61-0.66 Ga. However, the light rare earth enrichment of these rocks and partial melting modeling point to an incompatible-enriched lherzolitic mantle with very low quantity of garnet (1-3%). This apparent difference between geochemical and Nd isotopes may be resolved by assuming that the metasomatizing agent did not obliterate the original isotopic characteristics of the magmas. A 2 to 5% partial melting of this mantle at approximately 14 kbar and 1269oC account very well the basalts and trachy-andesites studied. By using these pressure and temperatures estimates for the generation of the basaltic to trachy-andesitic magma, it is determined a lithospheric stretching (E) of 2.5. This E value is an appropriated estimate for the sub-crustal stretching (astenospheric or the base of the lithosphere?) region under the Pernambuco Basin, the crustal stretching probably being lower. The integration of all data obtained in this thesis permits to interpret the magmatic evolution of the PB as follows; 1st) the partial melting of a garnet-bearing lherzolite generates incompatible-enriched basaltic, trachy-andesitic and monzonitic magmas; 2nd) the underplating of these basaltic magmas at the base of the continental crust triggers the partial melting of this crust, and thus originating the acidic magmas; 3rd) concomitantly with the previous stage, trachytic magmas were produced by fractionation from a monzonitic to trachy-andesitic liquid; 4th) the emplacement of the several magmas in superficial (e.g. flows) or sub-superficial (e.g. dykes, sills, domes, laccoliths) depths was almost synchronically, at about 102 r 1 Ma, and usually crosscutting the sedimentary rocks of the Cabo Formation. The presence of garnet in the lherzolitic mantle does not agree with pressures of about 14 kbar for the generation of the basaltic magma, as calculated based on chemical parameters. This can be resolved by admitting the astenospheric uplifting under the rift, which would place deep and hot material (mantle plume?) at sub-crustal depths. The generation of the magmas and their subsequent emplacement would be coupled with the crustal rifting of the PB, the border (NNE-SSW directed) and transfer (NW-SE directed) faults serving as conduits for the magma emplacement. Based on the E parameter and the integration of 40Ar/39Ar and palynologic data it is interpreted a maximum duration of 10-14 Ma for the rift phase (Cabo Formation clastic sedimentation and basic to acidic magmatism) of the PB

Imagens do Brasil nas relações de viagem dos s��culos XVII e XVIII

O presente ensaio toma como objeto de an��lise uma s��rie de descri����es do Rio de Janeiro colonial extra��das de narrativas de viagem escritas por europeus que passaram pela cidade entre os s��culos XVII e XVIII. Para al��m de dar a conhecer a perspectiva que esses visitantes deixaram da urbe e de seus habitantes, seu objetivo �� p��r em discuss��o o papel que os relatos de viagem desempenharam no processo de constru����o da imagem que o europeu da ��poca tinha do brasileiro e, sobretudo, o papel que posteriormente desempenharam no processo de constru����o da imagem que o brasileiro, a partir do s��culo XIX, passou a ter de si pr��prio e do seu pa��s.