High prevalence and association of HIV-1 non-B subtype with specific sexual transmission risk among antiretroviral naïve patients in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

In South Brazil the circulation of two HIV-1 subtypes with different characteristics represents an important scenario for the study of the impact of HIV-1 diversity on the evolution of the HIV-1 epidemic and AIDS disease. HIV-1 B, the predominant variant in industrialized countries and HIV-1 C, the most prevalent subtype in areas with rapid epidemic growth, are implicated in most infections. We evaluated blood samples from 128 antiretroviral (ARV) naïve patients recruited at entry to the largest HIV outpatient service in Porto Alegre. Based on partial pol region sequencing, HIV-1 C was observed in 29%, HIV-1 B in 22.6% and, the recently identified CRF31_BC, in 23.4% of 128 volunteers. Other variants were HIV-1 F in 10% and other mosaics in 5.5%. In order to evaluate the association of socio-behavioral characteristics and HIV-1 subtypes, interviews and laboratory evaluation were performed at entry. Our data suggest an established epidemic of the three major variants, without any evidence of partitioning in either of the subgroups analyzed. However, anal sex practices were associated with subtype B, which could indicate a greater transmissibility of non-B variants by vaginal intercourse. This study provides baseline information for epidemiologic surveillance of the changes of the molecular characteristics of HIV-1 epidemics in this region.

Assessment of physical impairments in leprosy patients: a comparison between the world health organization (who) disability grade and the Eye-Hand-Foot Score

This cross-sectional study assessed the grade of physical impairments in 61 individuals with leprosy receiving multidrug therapy (MDT) under the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), and residing in Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil. Impairments were assessed using the disability grade (DG) standardized by the WHO, and the EHF score (Eye-Hand-Foot sum of impairment scores). Impairments were detected in 25 (41%) of the subjects. A total of 14 (23%) patients scored DG 1, while 11 (18%) were assigned DG 2. The EHF score ranged from 1 to 10 points in the group of patients with physical impairments, with a mean score of 3.6 points. The majority of individuals with impairments were affected in at least two sites. We conclude that the EHF score showed overlapping impairments in the segments examined and may be more appropriate than the DG classification system for describing the degree of physical impairment of leprosy patients.

Desenvolvimento de um sensor para detecção de nano e micro concentrações de deltametrina

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Física

Há festa na comunidade! Uma leitura de Luis Pacheco

Estendo o pé e toco com o calcanhar numa bochecha de carne macia e morna; viro-me para o lado esquerdo, de costas para a luz do candeeiro, e bafeja-me um hálito calmo e suave; faço um gesto ao acaso no escuro e a mão, involuntária tenaz de dedos, pulso, sangue latejante, descai-me sobre um seio momo nu ou numa cabecita de bebê, com um tufo de penugem preta no cocuruto da careca, a moleirinha latejante; respiramos na boca uns dos outros, trocamos pemas e braços, bafos suor uns com os outros, uns pelos outros, tão conchegados, tão embrulhados e enleados num mesmo calor como se as nossas veias e artérias transportassem o mesmo sangue girando, palpitassem compassadamente, silenciosamente, duma igual vivificante seiva. Esta é uma das mais belas frases-iniciais da literatura portuguesa. Sim, frase: aquilo que vos pareceram pontos finais eram, na verdade, pontos e vírgula. E que bem maneja Luiz Pacheco o ponto e vírgula! Como sói acontecer aos grandes escritores, Luiz Pacheco transforma um mísero sinal prosódico numa marca de estilo. Nada que nos surpreenda, ou o livro onde, na minha edição, o conto se insere não se intitulasse, aliás. Exercícios de Estilo.

Análise de Maria Parda como personificação da Quaresma

Na continuação dos nossos trabalhos sobre o calendário litúrgico e folclórico na obra vicentina, resolvemos estudar uma peça de Gil Vicente e dar-lhe uma outra interpretação ^ Trata-se do Pranto de Maria Parda, datado intra-textualmente de 1522, «vou morrer de sequia/na era de vinte e dous» (citando a protagonista no momento «em que Gil Vicente já não faz autos ao rei» D. Manuel, falecido em Dezembro de 15212. Este dramaturgo escreveu versos pela ocasião da morte deste rei discorrendo sobre a efemeridade da vida, e seria importante fazer um trabalho sobre estes dois textos, um sobre a perda de um rei que não se chama «pranto» e um outro sobre o Camaval, que assim se chama. Depois do estudo da Farsa dos Físicos, onde analisámos o combate entre comida gorda e comida magra, ou a luta entre Camaval e Quaresma, temos prestado mais atenção às datas de representação das peças (dentro do texto e através de vários índices), muitas delas encomendadas para comemorar cerimônias precisas de rituais anuais. A alimentação e a bebida abrem- -nos caminhos muito vastos para o estudo da calendarização e da simbólica do teatro deste período e pensamos que haverá relações mais estreitas entre as várias peças, como talvez entre este pranto e a Farsa dos Físicos.

AN UPWARD TREND IN DNA P16INK4A METHYLATION PATTERN AND HIGH RISK HPV INFECTION ACCORDING TO THE SEVERITY OF THE CERVICAL LESION

SUMMARY High-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection is necessary but not sufficient for cervical cancer development. Recently, P16INK4A gene silencing through hypermethylation has been proposed as an important cofactor in cervical carcinogenesis due to its tumor suppressor function. We aimed to investigate P16INK4A methylation status in normal and neoplastic epithelia and evaluate an association with HPV infection and genotype. This cross-sectional study was performed with 141 cervical samples from patients attending Hospital Moncorvo Filho, Rio de Janeiro. HPV detection and genotyping were performed through PCR and P16INK4A methylation by nested-methylation specific PCR (MSP). HPV frequency was 62.4% (88/141). The most common HPV were HPV16 (37%), HPV18 (16.3%) and HPV33/45(15.2%). An upward trend was observed concerning P16INK4A methylation and lesion degree: normal epithelia (10.7%), low grade lesions (22.9%), high grade (57.1%) and carcinoma (93.1%) (p < 0.0001). A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate an association between methylation, age, tobacco exposure, HPV infection and genotyping. A correlation was found concerning methylation with HPV infection (p < 0.0001), hr-HPV (p = 0.01), HSIL (p < 0.0007) and malignant lesions (p < 0.0001). Since viral infection and epigenetic alterations are related to cervical carcinoma, we suggest that P16INK4A methylation profile maybe thoroughly investigated as a biomarker to identify patients at risk of cancer.

THE INFLUENCE OF HIV-1 SUBTYPES C, CRF31_BC AND B ON DISEASE PROGRESSION AND INITIAL VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO HAART IN A SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN COHORT

Background: Although most HIV-1 infections in Brazil are due to subtype B, Southern Brazil has a high prevalence of subtype C and recombinant forms, such as CRF31_BC. This study assessed the impact of viral diversity on clinical progression in a cohort of newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients. Methods: From July/2004 to December/2005, 135 HIV-infected patients were recruited. The partial pol region was subtyped by phylogeny. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the relationship between viral subtype, CD4+ T cell count and viral load levels before antiretroviral therapy. Hazard ratio (Cox regression) was used to evaluate factors associated with viral suppression (viral load < 50 copies/mL at six months). Results: Main HIV-1 subtypes included B (29.4%), C (28.2%), and CRF31_BC (23.5%). Subtypes B and C showed a similar trend in CD4+ T cell decline. Comparison of non-B (C and CRF31_BC) and B subtypes revealed no significant difference in the proportion of patients with viral suppression at six months (week 24). Higher CD4+ T cell count and lower viral load were independently associated with viral suppression. Conclusion: No significant differences were found between subtypes; however, lower viral load and higher CD4+ T cell count before therapy were associated with better response.

DETECTION OF Leptospira spp. AND Brucella abortus ANTIBODIES IN FREE-LIVING JAGUARS (Panthera onca) IN TWO PROTECTED AREAS OF NORTHERN PANTANAL, BRAZIL

 This study aimed to assess the exposure of free-living jaguars (Panthera onca) to Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus in two conservation units in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The presence of antibodies in blood samples of eleven jaguars was investigated using autochthonous antigens isolated in Brazil added to reference antigen collection applied to diagnosis of leptospirosis by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). The Rose Bengal test was applied for B. abortus antibodies. Two (18.2%) jaguars were seroreactive for the Leptospira spp. antigen and the serovar considered as most infective in both animals was a Brazilian isolate of serovar Canicola (L01). All jaguars were seronegative for B. abortus. These data indicate that the inclusion of autochthonous antigens in serological studies can significantly increase the number of reactive animals, as well as modify the epidemiological profile of Leptospira spp. infection.

Implementação do sistema SMED nas linhas de produção na “José Maria da Fonseca Vinhos, SA”

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Tecnologia e Segurança Alimentar

CONTRIBUTIONS TO RICKETTSIOSES RESEARCH IN COLOMBIA (1917-1943), LUIS B. PATIÑO CAMARGO

Colombian physician Luis Benigno Patiño Camargo was one of the pioneers in the study of rickettsioses in South America, demonstrating for the first time in Colombia the presence of Rickettsia rickettsii as the etiological agent of a highly deadly exanthematic febrile syndrome in the 1930s. However, Patiño-Camargo performed other investigations from 1917-1943, which represent the first descriptions and scientific evidence of the presence ofR. prowazekii and R. typhi in Colombia. Almost 60 years after the latest research conducted by Dr. Patiño-Camargo, rickettsioses were again a matter of interest and research. In the last decade over 20 research studies have been published, showing new endemic areas forR. rickettsii, as well as the description of new rickettsial species in Colombia.

Toxocora e outros helmitos em cães, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Os autores observaram prevalência de Toxocara canis em 24,9% dos cães na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados observados demonstrando a grande incidência de Toxocara, tanto em animais vadios, como em animais de estimação, criados em contato íntimo com seus donos, vem mais uma vez chamara atenção para a relevância do problema "Larva migrans visceralis" entre nós. Entre outros helmintos chamam ainda a atenção para a alta prevalência da A. brasiliensis, A. caninum, D. caninum e T. valpis.

Estudo de um vitral quatrocentista do Mosteiro de Santa Maria da Vitória, Batalha: caracterização, fenómenos de degradação e processos de limpeza com Líquidos Iónicos

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro - Especialização em Vitral

Materials handling in hospitals: An analysis of how the storage and materials handling system can be improved, using the example of Hospital Santa Maria

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

The accounting system of the Hieronymite Monastery of Santa Maria de Belém circa 1833

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics