Study of FT-Raman Spectroscopy on the Effects of Lanthanide Ions and Their Complexes on the Fluidity of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine Bilayer

The effects of lanthanide ions and their complexes of citrate and DTPA ligands on the fluidity of dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) bilayers have been studied by FT-Raman spectroscopy. the results show that lanthanide ions of lower concentrationn decrease the fluidity of acyl chains of DPPE bilayers and change the conformation of C C-C backbone from gauche to the trans lanthanide ions of higher concentration, however, increase the fluidity of acyl chains and increase the gauche population of C-C-C backbone. Lanthanide complex of citrate have no effect on the fluidity of acyl chains of DPPE bilayers in the region of experimental concentration, but La-DTPA complex increase slightly the fluidity of acyl chains. the results also indicated that lanthanide ion of lower concentration changed the lattice packing of hydrocarbon chains from hexagonal form to orthorhombic form, but it is still in hexagonal or distorted hexagonal lattice cell in the gel state in the presence of metal ions and lanthanide complexes of higher concentration

甲烷氧化偶联La－Me－O（Me＝Mg，Ca，Sr，Ba）系催化剂表面氧种的研究

利用ＣＯ_２－ＴＰＤ法考察了Ｌａ－Ｍｅ－Ｏ（Ｍｅ＝Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｓｒ，Ｂａ）系催化剂的表面碱性，并用Ｏ_２－ＴＰＤ、ＣＨ_４－ＴＰＤ法对该体系的表面活性氧种进行了表征，并与催化性能相关联。结果表明，Ｌａ－Ｂａ－Ｏ催化剂由于表面强碱性中心数目多，产生活性氧种的数目也多，有利于甲烷的活化，因而具有最高的甲烷转化率和Ｃ_２烃选择性。脉冲反应表明，在无气相氧存在下，表面晶格氧参与了氧化偶联，而且是选择氧化的活性氧种。

含有机硅三元多嵌段共聚物的研究──Ⅲ．不同硬段、半硬段对含有机硅三元多嵌段共聚物性能的影响

以双酚Ａ聚砜或酚酞作为硬段，聚对羟基苯乙烯、酚醛、聚羟基醚或聚羟基醚砜作为半硬段，聚二甲基硅氧烷作为软段合成了七种三元多嵌段共聚物，并对其稳定性、动态力学性能进行了比较详细的研究。结果表明这类共聚物在溶液中的稳定性及热稳定性主要与半硬段有关；它们的形态结构同属于微相分离，并在很宽的温度范围内表现出优良的弹性体性质。三元多嵌段共聚物中硬段与半硬段的相容性直接影响其力学性能，当两者的相容性好时，其强度高于对应的二元多嵌段共聚物。

APPLICATION OF ULTRAMICROELECTRODES IN STUDIES OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC REACTIONS .3. THE CONDITION FOR QUASI-1ST AND 2ND-ORDER HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC REACTIONS AT ULTRAMICRODISK ELECTRODES IN THE STEADY-STATE

The conditions for quasi-first and second order homogeneous catalytic reactions and their variation with each other at an ultramicrodisk electrode in the steady state are discussed in this paper. The order of reaction can be controlled by changing the dimension of the ultramicroelectrode: the second order reaction can be changed to quasi-first by decreasing the dimension of the ultramicroelectrode. An example of this is given. The main factor effect on the reaction order is the dimension of the ultramicroelectrode. The K4Fe(CN)6-aminopyrine system is selected to confirm the theory, the experiments showing that the system is a second order reaction at a 432 mum microelectrode, and a quasi-first order reaction at a 19 mum ultramicroelectrode. The kinetic constant of the system can be determined by applying the previous theory of homogeneous catalytic reaction.

Sb-Fe催化剂的活性结构和在丙烯氨氧化中的催化作用机理研究

用XRD,Mossbauer,XPS和TPD研究了Sb-Fe催化剂的活性组分和它们的催化行为以及TPD的产物分布。XRD测定表明,活性组分可能有FeSbO_4和Sb_2O_4。穆斯堡尔谱结果确定活性组分除有FeSbO_4外,还有FeSb_2O_6。由富锑催化剂的XPS分析,出现结合能为709.3eV的肩峰,进一步证明含Fe_(2+)新活性组分FeSb_2O_6的存在。由Fe_(3+)和Fe_(2+)含量与活性的关系可以得出结论,催化作用取决于FeSbO_4,FeSb_2O_6和Sb_2O_4的协同作用,FeSb_2O_6是表面活性中心。最后,由催化剂的活性组分和催化作用以及TPD产物分布初步探讨了催化作用机理。

辉光放电中处理聚四氟乙烯表面——Ⅱ.ESR研究PTFE膜自由基

在外部电极电容耦合式反应装置中,对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜进行了辉光放电处理。通过电子自旋共振(ESR)谱研究了PTFE在处理过程中所产生的自由基,着重讨论了温度对ESR谱的影响。最后,以DPPH为内标,测定了处理后PTFE膜的自由基浓度,并考察了自由基在空气中的衰减情况。

环辛二烯基稀土配合物的合成与表征

迄今,有关环辛二烯基作为配体的金属有机化合物报道得很少,只报道过它的碱金属、碱土金属及为数不多的过渡金属化合物,而从未报道过环辛二烯基稀土化合物。本文通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱、热失重及气相色谱分析,确认合成了下述环辛二烯基稀

The complete mitochondrial genome of the large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea (Perciformes, Sciaenidae): Unusual features of its control region and the phylogenetic position of the Sciaenidae

To understand the systematic status of Larimichthys crocea in the Percoidei, we determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence using 454 sequencing-by-synthesis technology. The complete mt genome is 16,466 bp in length including the typical structure of 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes and the noncoding control region (CR). Further sequencing for the complete CR was performed using the primers Cyt b-F and 12S-R on six L crocea individuals and two L polyactis individuals. Interestingly, all seven CR sequences from L crocea were identical while the three sequences from L polyactis were distinct (including one from GenBank). Although the conserved blocks such as TAS and CSB-1, -2, and -3 are readily identifiable in the control regions of the two species, the typical central conserved blocks CSB-D, -E, and -F could not be detected, while they are found in Cynoscion acoupa of Sciaenidae and other Percoidei species. Phylogenetic analysis shows that L crocea is a relatively recently emerged species in Sciaenidae and this family is closely related to family Pomacanthidae within the Percoidei. L crocea, as the first species of Sciaenidae with complete mitochondrial genome available, will provide important information on the molecular evolution of the group. Moreover, the genus-specific pair of primers designed in this study for amplifying the complete mt control region will be very useful in studies on the population genetics and conservation biology of Larimichthys. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Composition, Abundance, and Diversity of the Peracarida on Different Vegetation Types in the Qi'ao-Dan'gan Island Mangrove Nature Reserve on Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River Estuary, China

Chang-Fu Wang, Xian-Qiu Ren, and Run-Lin Xu (2010) Composition, abundance, and diversity of the Peracarida on different vegetation types in the Qi'ao-Dan'gan Island Mangrove Nature Reserve on Qi'ao Island in the Pearl River estuary, China. Zoological Studies 49(5): 608-615. Almost nothing is known about the Peracarida in the Pearl River estuary. This is the 1st report to study the composition, abundance, and diversity of the Peracarida in the Qi'ao-Dan'gan I. Mangrove Nature Reserve on Qi'ao I., in the Pearl River estuary, southern China. Bimonthly samplings were carried out in 3 representative vegetation types (mangrove arbor, emergent plants, and seaweed) for 2 yr. Using a Peterson grab, 1940 individuals (id.) were collected in total, including 11 species of 6 genera, 5 families, and 3 orders (Amphipoda, Isopoda, and Tanaidacean). Discapseudes mackiei Bamber 1997 was the dominant species with the highest density of 1,432 incl./m(2). The effect of temperature on the abundance of Peracarida was significant (p < 0.01), and the optimum temperature was 22-23 degrees C in both the mangrove arbor and seaweed. The results showed that the abundance of the Peracarida was higher in the mangrove arbor, while the diversity, especially Amphipoda diversity, was higher in the seaweed. In contrast, emergent plants provided no suitable habitats for the Peracarida. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/49.5/608.pdf

羟基自由基降解琼胶及其产物的活性研究

琼胶是一种从石花菜等红藻中提取的，目前生产工艺和结构等方面研究比较成熟的海藻多糖，广泛应用于医药、仪器等行业。但是，海藻多糖因为具有分子量大，粘度大，溶解度较小的等特点，而使其应用范围受到限制。利用降解的手段对其进行修饰，降低分子量和粘度，改善溶解性，可以拓展其应用范围。并且根据文献报道，琼 胶寡糖具有一些特殊的生物活性，如抗氧化性，抗炎症等。因此，对琼胶降解的研究具有生要意义。本研究中，为了选择一种合适的降解方法，进行了几种水解方法的尝试，其中包括在不同湿度和酸度下盐酸水解，过氧化氢和醋酸催化水解，Fenton体系羟基自由基降解。对于酸水解和Fenton体系氧化还原降解方法，通过粘度法对反应的速度进行了比较，表明氧化还原降解反应中琼胶的粘度降低比较快，并且具有代表性和新意，确定为本实验的降解琼胶的方法并对氧化还原降解所得的产物进行了活性实验。通过模仿自然界普遍存在的氧化还原降解反应，利用Vc诱导的Fenton体系产生的羟基自由基氧化还原降解琼胶得到低分子量的琼胶。降解产物经过高速离心、60％乙醇沉淀，除去分子量比较大的降解产物和磷酸盐，得到可溶于60％乙醇的分子量估计小于3000的降争产物，其产率为85％。利用经Sephadex-G25凝胶色谱分离所香的不同分子量的级分进行分子量和α－葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性关系的实验。降解产物对α－葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率和各级分的浓度呈线性正相关，并且各级分的IC_(50)则随着分子量的降低而降低。另外，对所得的降解产物混合物进行了红外吸收光谱、质子去偶核磁共震碳谱和负离子基质辅助激光诱导－飞行时间质谱结构分析。结果表明，氧化还原降解反应的专一性差，在得到寡糖的同时，在光谱图中出现一些比较复杂的副产物的结构信息。最后，根据MTT法的原理，以有体皮肤成纤维细胞为材料，通过紫外线辐射产生自由基造成氧化损伤，研究降解产物对成纤维细胞的保护作用。当无紫外线辐射时，降解产物对成纤维细胞具有显著的促进生长增殖作用：当经UVa、UBb辐射时则可以显著地表现出对损伤的保护作用，并且这种促进生长和保护作用呈显著的量效关系，表明降解产物具有清除基自由基的作用。但是，因为氧化还原降解以应的机理尚不十分明的以及琼羟胶的特殊结构，使得反应的副产物很难预测，也就使得分离工作难以进行，所以，根据目前所得的信息，尚不能确定是降解产物的什么级分产生的以上两种生物活性。

栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝免疫防御特性的比较研究

贝类养殖作为我国传统的海水养殖产业，在我国沿海地区的经济发展中起重要作用。但由于近年来养殖扇贝病害的不断发生，不仅造成了巨大的经济损失，而且直接威胁到现有养殖产业的生存和发展。目前认为，机体抗病能力的下降是发生流行性死亡的主要原因之一。因此，深入研究扇贝免疫防御特性，能更好地了解和解决贝类养殖中的病害问题。本文比较了健康状态和重金属污染以及高温胁迫下海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝部分免疫指标的变化，并对同龄不同大小的栉孔扇贝的部分免疫指标进行了比较，以期更好的了解贝类的防御机制，为扇贝病害防治提供资料。研究结果如下: 用流式细胞仪技术对血细胞死亡率、细胞吞噬率和呼吸爆发进行了测定，发现健康状态下两种扇贝的细胞死亡率相差不大，海湾扇贝为4.83%，栉孔扇贝为4.95%；细胞吞噬率差异显著(P<0.05)，海湾扇贝为26.73%，栉孔扇贝为19.89%；呼吸爆发的基础值相差也不大，海湾扇贝为1.94，栉孔扇贝为1.56。另外用免疫化学方法对健康状态下栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝血淋巴和肝胰腺中SOD、ACP活性和MDA含量也进行了测定与比较。发现在血淋巴和肝胰腺中，两种扇贝SOD活性均存在显著差异(P<0.05)，其中海湾扇贝分别为995.43和113.99，栉孔扇贝分别为446.64和40.6；血淋巴和肝胰腺中ACP活性差异显著(P<0.05)，海湾扇贝分别为90.19和432.36，栉孔扇贝分别为73.26和146.63；血淋巴中和肝胰腺中MDA含量差异不显著(P>0.05)，海湾扇贝分别为3.37和92.46，栉孔扇贝分别为2.17和28.96。实验结果说明，海湾扇贝对细菌等异物的吞噬和杀灭能力以及机体自身的抗氧化能力高于栉孔扇贝，这为海湾扇贝比栉孔扇贝具有更高的抗逆性提供了证据。 用相同的方法对不同浓度(0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 mg L-1) Pb2+溶液浸泡后的栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝的血细胞死亡率、细胞吞噬率和呼吸爆发进行了检测，同时测定了Pb2+处理后肝胰腺中SOD、ACP活性和MDA含量的变化。结果表明，栉孔扇贝的血细胞死亡率与对照组相比有上升趋势，且随着Pb2+浓度的增加而显著增加，而海湾扇贝在相同条件Pb2+的胁迫下，血细胞的死亡率明显低于栉孔扇贝。栉孔扇贝各实验组细胞吞噬率均低于对照组，而海湾扇贝在低浓度的Pb2+浸泡后，细胞的吞噬率与对照组相比有所降低，但随着浓度的继续增加，细胞的吞噬率反而上升，甚至略高于对照组。栉孔扇贝血细胞的呼吸爆发在Pb2+胁迫后较对照组有所升高，但随着浓度的增加，呼吸爆发有下降的趋势，而海湾扇贝的呼吸爆发随着Pb2+浓度的增加而显著增加。对两种扇贝体液免疫指标的测定发现，各实验组SOD的活性均比对照组高，且海湾扇贝的SOD活性高于栉孔扇贝；随着Pb2+浓度的增加，各实验组ACP的活性一直呈上升趋势，且海湾扇贝的ACP活性也高于栉孔扇贝；Pb2+处理后MDA的含量均显著增加，其中栉孔扇贝MDA含量的增幅明显高于海湾扇贝。该结果说明，Pb2+对两种扇贝的免疫系统都有一定的影响，但相同剂量的Pb2+对两种扇贝的毒害程度不同，海湾扇贝对Pb2+的耐受性似乎高于栉孔扇贝。 对海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝的升温刺激实验发现，当养殖水体的温度从18℃缓慢升高到30℃后，栉孔扇贝在第三天开始出现大量死亡现象，而海湾扇贝未出现死亡。因而本文只对升温前后的海湾扇贝进行了细胞死亡率、吞噬率和呼吸爆发的测定和比较。结果发现，与升温前相比，血细胞的死亡率在温度升高后略有增加，但差异不显著(P>0.05)；而细胞吞噬率在温度升高后显著下降；通过对呼吸爆发积聚的活性氧（Reactive Oxygen Species，ROS）的测定发现，升温后血细胞的ROS含量显著高于升温前(P<0.05)。该结果表明，高温会影响血细胞的功能，使机体的免疫防御能力下降，从而导致病害的发生。 另外，本文对同龄不同大小的栉孔扇贝的血细胞吞噬率以及血淋巴和肝胰腺中SOD、ACP活性和MDA含量进行了测定与比较。结果发现: 小扇贝的血细胞吞噬率略高于大扇贝，分别达到了22.82和20.96；在血淋巴及肝胰脏中，两组扇贝SOD酶的活性均差异显著(P<0.05)，小扇贝分别为613.88和102.01，大扇贝分别为356.15和50.22；血淋巴中小扇贝ACP的活性极显著的高于大扇贝(P<0.01)，分别为44.3和2.91，但肝胰腺中大扇贝和小扇贝ACP的活性相差不大，大扇贝为455.75，小扇贝为485.33；大扇贝和小扇贝血淋巴和肝胰脏中MDA含量相差不大，大扇贝分别为2.67和31.83，小扇贝分别为3.17和35.33。该结果说明，小扇贝对细菌等异物的吞噬和杀灭能力以及机体自身的抗氧化能力高于大扇贝，这为生长与抗逆性相颉抗提供了依据。

孔石莼多糖及其衍生物的研究

在中国，孔石莼应用于医药方面已有几千年的历史，其煎剂常被当地居民用来治疗中暑和泌尿方面的疾病。实验室以前所做的工作表明，孔石莼的水溶多糖具有很好的抗高血脂活性，本论文在此研究的基础上主要就多糖的长期毒性、一般药理、多糖的衍生化、不同分子量孔石莼多糖的抗氧化活性、衍生物的抗氧化活性和动物调血脂活性进行了研究。 水提醇沉制备多糖，多糖主要由糖醛酸、鼠李糖、木糖、葡萄糖和硫酸根组成，还含有微量的半乳糖、甘露糖和阿拉伯糖。多糖中主要的二糖重复单位为[β-D-Glcp A-(1->4)- α-L-Rhap 3S] 和 [α-L-Idop A-(1->4)- α-L-Rhap 3S]。急性毒性实验表明，KM小鼠对孔石莼多糖的最大耐受量(MTD)大于4000 mg/kg，其腹腔注射雌性小鼠的半致死量(LD50)为408.7 mg/kg，雄性动物为432.7 mg/kg。长期毒性（6个月）实验表明孔石莼多糖无毒反应剂量为1.2 g/kg。一般药理研究表明孔石莼多糖对小鼠中枢神经系统无明显影响，对麻醉犬心血管系统和呼吸系统均无明显影响。 采用过氧化氢降解的方法制备了不同分子量的孔石莼多糖，并且测定了体外抗氧化活性；制备了高硫酸根含量的孔石莼多糖、乙酰化和苯甲酰化孔石莼多糖衍生物，测定了体外抗氧化活性和动物调血脂试验。结果表明，不同分子量的孔石莼多糖其抗氧化活性是不同的，分子量低的孔石莼多糖表现出了较强的抗氧化活性。孔石莼多糖的衍生物其抗氧化活性要优于孔石莼多糖。调血脂动物试验表明，孔石莼多糖以及其衍生物都具有很好的调血脂效果。高硫酸根含量孔石莼多糖的中、低剂量组的调血脂活性要优于高剂量组（低剂量组降低低密度脂蛋白的能力要稍弱于原料），而且，中剂量组与原料组相比，小鼠血清TG明显降低（P＜0.05），LDL－C 明显降低（P＜0.01）。低剂量组乙酰化衍生物降低甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL－C）的能力要优于中高剂量组。对于孔石莼多糖以及衍生物调血脂的机制还需进一步的研究。

The manganese superoxide dismutase gene in bay scallop Argopecten irradians: Cloning, 3D modelling and mRNA expression

A novel manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was cloned from bay scallop Argopecten irradians by 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. The full-length cDNA of MnSOD was of 1207 bp with a 678 bp open reading frame encoding 226 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contained a putative signal peptide of 26 amino acids. Sequence comparison showed that the MnSOD of A. irradians shared high identity with MnSOD in invertebrates and vertebrates, such as MnSOD from abalone Haliotis discus discus (ABG88843) and frog Xenopus laevis (AAQ63483). Furthermore, the 3D structure of bay scallop MnSOD was predicted by SWISS-MODEL Protein Modelling Server and compared with those of other MnSODs. The overall structure of bay scallop MnSOD was similar to those of zebrafish Danio rerio, fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis, human Homo sapiens, and had the highest similarity to scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis and abalone H. discus discus. A quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was developed to detect the mRNA expression of MnSOD in different tissues and the temporal expression in haemocytes following challenge with the bacterium Vibrio anguillarum. A higher-level of mRNA expression of MnSOD was detected in gill and mantle. The expression of MnSOD reached the highest level at 3 h post-injection with V. anguillarum and then slightly recovered from 6 to 48 h. The results indicated that bay scallop MnSOD was a constitutive and inducible protein and thus could play an important role in the immune responses against V anguillarum infection. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

青海省不同地区五脉绿绒蒿总生物碱含量的比较

应用紫外分光光度法,对青海10个不同产地的五脉绿绒蒿样品总生物碱含量测定,结果显示,不同产地的总生物碱含量为0.0262%～0.0788%,平均0.0502%,与分布海拔呈正相关,与分布纬度无显著关联.

柴达木盆地唐古特白刺籽油的安全性与降血脂作用

对柴达木唐古特白刺种籽油的安全性和降血脂作用进行了研究。以超临界CO2萃取技术提取白刺种籽油，采用小白鼠进行急性毒性实验和安全性评价，以高脂例料诱导建立大鼠高脂动物模型，灌胃种籽油4w，测定动物血清血脂水平。结果表明，小鼠每日给予白刺籽油40ml／kg，连续观察14d，无毒性表现，服用安全；种籽油5g／kg和10g／kg剂量对高脂饲料诱导的大鼠血清TC、TG及LDL具有显著的抑制作用，可显著升高高血脂大鼠HDL／TC和HDL／LDL的比值，表明高剂量白刺种籽油具有显著的降血脂作用。