Pakkauseräkokojen mallintaminen hankintalogistiikassa

Opinnäytetyön tavoite oli pakkauseräkokojen mallintaminen ABB Oy, Drivesin hankintalogistiikassa. Tavoite oli kaksiosainen; toisaalta toimittajille on jatkuvasti lähetettävä tieto pakkauksesta tilauksen mukana, ja toisaalta tietoa tarvitaan myös sisäiseen käyttöön raportoinnin muodossa. Tarkoitus on siis erottaa tilauseräkoko ja pakkauseräkoko. Työn teoriaosuudessa esitellään keskeisiä tekijöitä, joilla on vaikutusta tilaus- ja toimitusketjujen hallintaan. Tarkasteltaessa pakkauseräkokoja koko toimitusketjun näkökulmasta, on prosessien hallinta hyvin keskeisessä asemassa. Tämä puolestaan asettaa vaatimuksia sekä komponenttien toimitusketjuille että tuotannon ohjaamiselle. Pakkauseräkokojen mallintamiseen vaikuttaa pakkausalan yleiset standardit. Eräkokojen kustannuksia ja hyö-tyjä tulee tarkastella koko prosessin kannalta. Tilausohjautuvassa tuotannossa toimitusajat ovat yksi tärkeimmistä kilpailukeinoista. Tämän takia toiminnan suunnittelu ja ennakointi on erityisen tärkeää. Ennakoinnin tulisi olla mahdollisimman läpinäkyvää kaikille toimitusketjuun osallistuville, jossa yhteistyön merkitys on suuri. Työn tuloksena esitellään kehitettyä matemaattista mallia, joka perustuu tuotanto- ja ma-teriaalivolyymien laskelmiin sekä eri organisaatiotahojen välillä käytyihin keskusteluihin parannusehdotuksista. Laskelmien yksityiskohtaiset tulokset ovat vain toimeksiantajan käyttöön. Optimaaliset ratkaisuehdotukset muodostettiin laskelmien analysoinnin pohjalta.

Single centre experience of the application of self navigated 3D whole heart cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the assessment of cardiac anatomy in congenital heart disease.

BACKGROUND: For free-breathing cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), the self-navigation technique recently emerged, which is expected to deliver high-quality data with a high success rate. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that self-navigated 3D-CMR enables the reliable assessment of cardiovascular anatomy in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and to define factors that affect image quality. METHODS: CHD patients ≥2 years-old and referred for CMR for initial assessment or for a follow-up study were included to undergo a free-breathing self-navigated 3D CMR at 1.5T. Performance criteria were: correct description of cardiac segmental anatomy, overall image quality, coronary artery visibility, and reproducibility of great vessels diameter measurements. Factors associated with insufficient image quality were identified using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Self-navigated CMR was performed in 105 patients (55% male, 23 ± 12y). Correct segmental description was achieved in 93% and 96% for observer 1 and 2, respectively. Diagnostic quality was obtained in 90% of examinations, and it increased to 94% if contrast-enhanced. Left anterior descending, circumflex, and right coronary arteries were visualized in 93%, 87% and 98%, respectively. Younger age, higher heart rate, lower ejection fraction, and lack of contrast medium were independently associated with reduced image quality. However, a similar rate of diagnostic image quality was obtained in children and adults. CONCLUSION: In patients with CHD, self-navigated free-breathing CMR provides high-resolution 3D visualization of the heart and great vessels with excellent robustness.

Diapiro de Salinas de AÑana: ¿Un diapiro con un overhang? Modelo 3D gravimetrico

Se presenta el mapa gravimétrico de la Cubeta Alavesa, donde se pueden localizar de forma clara los diapiros salinos aflorantes en la misma, y también otras estructuras también diapíricas situadas a mayor profundidad. Se ha modelizado en 3D, mediante dos técnicas gravimétricas diferentes, el diapiro de Salinas de Añana. El cual presenta una gran extensión en superficie pero que en cambio no se proyecta de la misma manera en profundidad, habiéndose detectado la presencia de una extensión lateral u overghang hacia el SW.

Radioterapia externa conformada 3D para o carcinoma de próstata: experiência do Instituto do Radium de Campinas com 285 pacientes

OBJETIVO: Reportar resultados de tratamentos do câncer de próstata com radioterapia conformada 3D realizados em uma única instituição. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: De julho de 1997 a janeiro de 2002, 285 pacientes consecutivos com câncer de próstata foram submetidos a radioterapia conformada 3D com dose mediana de 7.920 cGy na próstata e analisados retrospectivamente. A distribuição segundo o grupo de risco foi a seguinte: baixo risco - 95 (33,7%); risco intermediário - 66 (23,4%); alto risco - 121 (42,9%) pacientes. RESULTADOS: Em seguimento mediano de 53,6 meses (3,6-95,3 meses), sobrevidas atuariais global, causa específica, livre de metástases a distância e livre de recidiva bioquímica em cinco anos foram de 85,1%, 97,0%, 94,2% e 75,8%, respectivamente. Sobrevidas atuariais livre de toxicidade retal e urinária tardias em cinco anos foram de 96,4% e 91,1%, respectivamente. Ressecção transuretral pré-radioterapia conformada 3D e doses > 70 Gy em 30% do volume da bexiga implicaram maior toxicidade urinária tardia grau 2-3 em cinco anos (p = 0,0002 e p = 0,0264, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: A primeira experiência relatada de radioterapia conformada 3D no Brasil permitiu altas doses de radiação, com toxicidades retal e urinária aceitáveis. A existência de ressecção transuretral de próstata pré-radioterapia conformada 3D pode sinalizar maior risco de toxicidade urinária tardia grau 2-3 após irradiação. Restrição da dose < 70 Gy em 30% do volume da bexiga à tomografia de planejamento pode reduzir complicações urinárias tardias.

Resultados preliminares en la caracterización geométrica 3D de un litosoma arenoso de progradación deltaica mediante Georadar (GPR) (Fm. Arenisca de Roda, Eoceno, Cuenca de Graus-Tremp).

A set of GPR profiles have been recorded in order to determine the 3D geometry of a prograding delta-front sandbody (Roda sandstone formation, Eocene, Graus-Tremp basin). Common Mid Points (CMP) also have been recorded to obtain the velocity of the electromagnetic wave in ground. In order to build the topsurface of a 3D prism a set of topographic points have been acquired. Most of the GPR profiles are oriented parallel to the progradation direction (NNE-SSW) and show the expected geometries. The 3D prism has been built from the individual profiles, which shows the three dimensional geometry of the sandy lithosome.

An Advocacy for the Use of 3D Stem Cell Culture Systems for the Development of Regenerative Medicine: An Emphasis on Photoreceptor Generation

The availability of stem cells is of great promise to study early developmental stages and to generate adequate cells for cell transfer therapies. Although many researchers using stem cells were successful in dissecting intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms and in generating specific cell phenotypes, few of the stem cells or the differentiated cells show the capacity to repair a tissue. Advances in cell and stem cell cultivation during the last years made tremendous progress in the generation of bona fide differentiated cells able to integrate into a tissue after transplantation, opening new perspectives for developmental biology studies and for regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on the main works attempting to create in vitro conditions mimicking the natural environment of CNS structures such as the neural tube and its development in different brain region areas including the optic cup. The use of protocols growing cells in 3D organoids is a key strategy to produce cells resembling endogenous ones. An emphasis on the generation of retina tissue and photoreceptor cells is provided to highlight the promising developments in this field. Other examples are presented and discussed, such as the formation of cortical tissue, the epithelial gut or the kidney organoids. The generation of differentiated tissues and well-defined cell phenotypes from embryonic stem (ES) cells or induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) opens several new strategies in the field of biology and regenerative medicine. A 3D organ/tissue development in vitro derived from human cells brings a unique tool to study human cell biology and pathophysiology of an organ or a specific cell population. The perspective of tissue repair is discussed as well as the necessity of cell banking to accelerate the progress of this promising field.

Diagnostic performance of 3D TSE MRI versus 2D TSE MRI of the knee at 1.5 T, with prompt arthroscopic correlation, in the detection of meniscal and cruciate ligament tears

Abstract Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of the three-dimensional turbo spin-echo (3D TSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique with the performance of the standard two-dimensional turbo spin-echo (2D TSE) protocol at 1.5 T, in the detection of meniscal and ligament tears. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients were imaged twice, first with a standard multiplanar 2D TSE MR technique, and then with a 3D TSE technique, both in the same 1.5 T MRI scanner. The patients underwent knee arthroscopy within the first three days after the MRI. Using arthroscopy as the reference standard, we determined the diagnostic performance and agreement. Results: For detecting anterior cruciate ligament tears, the 3D TSE and routine 2D TSE techniques showed similar values for sensitivity (93% and 93%, respectively) and specificity (80% and 85%, respectively). For detecting medial meniscal tears, the two techniques also had similar sensitivity (85% and 83%, respectively) and specificity (68% and 71%, respectively). In addition, for detecting lateral meniscal tears, the two techniques had similar sensitivity (58% and 54%, respectively) and specificity (82% and 92%, respectively). There was a substantial to almost perfect intraobserver and interobserver agreement when comparing the readings for both techniques. Conclusion: The 3D TSE technique has a diagnostic performance similar to that of the routine 2D TSE protocol for detecting meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament tears at 1.5 T, with the advantage of faster acquisition.

Paineosien hankintaprosessin mallintaminen

Tämän työn tavoitteena oli kuvata paineosien hankintaprosessin nykytilamalli kohdeyrityksessä. Tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvittämään paineosien hankintaprosessiin kriittisimmin vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Tutkimus oli osa yrityksessä vuonna 2007 käynnistettyä paineosien hankinnan ehityshanketta. Kirjallisuuteen perustuen määriteltiin merkittävimmät seikat prosessi johtamisessa ja prosessien kehittämisessä sekä projektiliiketoiminnan asettamat vaatimukset hankintaprosessille. Kohdeyrityksen henkilökuntaa haastattelemalla selvitettiin paineosien hankintaprosessia ja siihen kriittisimmin vaikuttavia tekijöitä, tietoja sekä dokumentteja. Hankintaprosessin nykytilamalli kuvattiin prosessikaavioina. Haastatteluista koostettiin prosessin nykytila-analyysi ja kehitysehdotukset prosessin parantamiseksi. Tutkimuksessa mallinnettu nykytilamalli jalostettiin yleiseksi hankinnan prosessimalliksi. Hankinnan prosessikaaviot liitettiin osaksi kohdeyrityksen johtamisjärjestelmää ja työohjeita.

Visual SLAM for 3D large-scale seabed acquisition employing underwater vehicles

This paper presents a novel technique to align partial 3D reconstructions of the seabed acquired by a stereo camera mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle. Vehicle localization and seabed mapping is performed simultaneously by means of an Extended Kalman Filter. Passive landmarks are detected on the images and characterized considering 2D and 3D features. Landmarks are re-observed while the robot is navigating and data association becomes easier but robust. Once the survey is completed, vehicle trajectory is smoothed by a Rauch-Tung-Striebel filter obtaining an even better alignment of the 3D views and yet a large-scale acquisition of the seabed