Efecto de la suplementación con microorganismos benéficos de montaña en pollos de engorde como probiótico natural, Finca Santa Rosa, Universidad Nacional Agraria

El presente trabajo de investigación está enmarcado dentro de la producción orgánica animal que se impulsa como línea de investigación en el departamento de medicina veterinaria de la Facultad de Ciencia Animal de la UNA que busca mejorar la inocuidad de los alimentos. El objetivo del experimento fue la evaluación del efecto de la suplementación con microorganismos benéficos de montaña como probiótico natural en pollos de engorde durante un ciclo de 42 días, como alternativa de producción orgánica, estimar el consumo promedio diario por pollo del lote, evaluar y comparar la ganancia media diaria, conversión alimenticia y comprobación de la resistencia a enfermedades. Para el ensayo en campo se dividieron las aves en tres grupos: T1 (probiótico 34 aves), T2 (antibiótico 34 aves) y T3 (testigo 33 aves). En el tratamiento T1 se suministró probiótico en la dieta del concentrado teniendo un porcentaje de inclusión de un 20 % de 1 a 14 días de nacidos, 10 % de 15 a 21 días de nacidos y al 5 % en un periodo de 23 a 42 días de nacidos, estos porcentajes en base al 100 % del alimento el cual se añadía y se mezclaba cada día para su debida suministración. En el tratamiento T2 se suministró antibiótico como promotor de crecimiento en el agua de bebida durante los primeros 5 días de edad, y al tratamiento T3 que fue el testigo. El pesaje de las aves se realizó a los 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 y 42 días con el fin de obtener mayor control sobre el peso y el consumo de alimento de los mismos. No hubo diferencia significativa con 05. 0  p entre los grupos muestreados en relación a la conversión alimenticia. En cambio sí hubo diferencias significativas con 05. 0  p entre T3 y T1 en relación a la variable ganancia media diaria y peso vivo. La carne de los pollos del tratamiento T1 (probiótico) durante el proceso de sacrificio se observó que contenían menor cantidad de grasa en relación a los otros tratamientos, siendo una carne más magra. El factor ambiental (temperatura alta), el mayor número de hembras en el T1, la alta inclusión de probiótico en la dieta y el aumento del metabolismo en conjunción con las altas temperaturas incidieron en los resultados. López López, G. S; Carballo Barquero, R. A; 2014. Suplementación con microorganismos benéficos de montaña en pollos de engorde, como probiótico natural, finca Santa Rosa, Universidad Nacional Agraria. P 40. Palabras claves: Producción orgánica, inocuidad, carne magra. vi

Sand Transport Studies in Monterey Bay, California: Annual Report, Part 5, 1973

(PDF contains 71 pages)

Endothall species selectivity evaluation: northern latitude aquatic plant community

Species selectivity of the aquatic herbicide dipotassium salt of endothall (Aquathol® K) was evaluated on plant species typically found in northern latitude aquatic plant communities. Submersed species included Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.), Illinois pondweed (Potamogeton illinoensis Morong.), sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.), coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.), elodea (Elodea canadensis Michx.) and wildcelery (Vallisneria americana L.). Emergent and floating-leaf plant species evaluated were cattail (Typha latifolia L.), smartweed (Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx.), pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata L.) and spatterdock (Nuphar advena Aiton). The submersed species evaluations were conducted in 7000 L mesocosm tanks, and treatment rates included 0, 0.5 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L active ingredient (ai) endothall (dipotassium salt of endothall). The exposure period consisted of a 24-h flow through half-life for 7 d. The cattail and smartweed evaluation was conducted in 860 L mesocosm tanks, and the spatterdock and pickerelweed evaluations were conducted in 1600 L mesocosm tanks. Treatment rates for the emergent and floating-leafed plant evaluations included 0, 0.5, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L ai endothall, and the exposure period consisted of removing and replacing half the water from each tank, after each 24 h period for a duration of 120 h. Biomass samples were collected at 3 and 8 weeks after treatment (WAT). Endothall effectively controlled Eurasian watermilfoil and curlyleaf pondweed at all of the application rates, and no significant regrowth was observed at 8 WAT. Sago pondweed, wildcelery, and Illinois pondweed biomass were also significantly reduced following the endothall application, but regrowth was observed at 8 WAT. Coontail and elodea showed no effects from endothall application at the 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L application rates, but coontail was controlled at 4.0 mg/L rate. Spatterdock, pickerelweed, cattail, and smartweed were not injured at any of the endothall application rates.

Cooperative artificial propagation programs for salmon and steelhead, 1996-1997

Fourteen cooperative fish rearing and planting programs for salmon and steelhead were active from July 1, 1996 through June 30, 1997. For all programs, 208,922 steelhead trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 10,334,457 chinook salmon,(O. tshawytscha),and 60,681 coho salmon(O. kisutch) were planted. (PDF contains 24 pages.)

Programa de entrenamiento orientado a la mejora de la velocidad en futbolistas de categoría infantil

El objetivo de estudio es determinar la eficacia de un entrenamiento de velocidad de 6 semanas en los resultados de diferentes test en jóvenes futbolistas. Para ello 18 sujetos (12,83 ± 0,24 años) participaron en este estudio, dividiéndose en grupos según la fecha de nacimiento, pie dominante y puesto específico. Antes y después de las seis semanas de entrenamiento se realizaron los siguientes test: desplazamiento en línea recta sin balón, desplazamiento con cambios de dirección sin y con balón. Los resultados del estudio muestran que el entrenamiento aplicado solo tuvo efectos en la velocidad lineal, pero no en la velocidad de desplazamiento con cambios de dirección. No se observaron mejoras en los tiempos de ejecución debidas al efecto de la edad, del pie dominante o de la posición en el campo. Por otro lado, aquellos jugadores que menor tiempo obtuvieron en el test de desplazamiento en línea recta sin balón, también lo hicieron en el de desplazamiento con cambios de dirección sin balón. Se puede concluir que la realización de un test de desplazamiento con cambios de dirección con balón influye negativamente en la velocidad de ejecución debido a la falta de habilidad para poder dominar el balón.

Erizainaren rola paziente heldu afasikoen ongizate psikosozialean

Afasia, garuneko lesio baten ondorioz sortzen den lengoai edo mintzamenaren asaldura da, espresio eta ulermen arazo larriak sortzen dituena. Mintzamena gizaki interakzioaren, esku-hartze sozialaren eta komunitatearen instrumentu garrantzitsuenetako bat da. Hortaz afasiak eragin negatiboak sor ditzake pertsonaren zein gertukoen egoera psikosozialean. Honen aurrean planteatu den helburua, afasia eta honen ondorio psikosozialak ezagutu eta afasiadun paziente helduen ongizate psikosoziala hobetzeko erizainak egin beharreko rola zehaztea izan da. Bilaketa bibliografiko bat eraman da aurrera, ondoren errebisio narratiboa garatzeko. Informazioa datu-base ezberdinetako 24 artikulutan, 5 liburutan eta 5 web orrialdetan aurkitu da. Emaitzek adierazten dute afasiaren intzidentzia altua dela mundu mailan, kausa nagusia garuneko istripu baskularrak (GIBAS) izanik. Mintzamenean ematen diren asaldurek depresioa zein isolamendu soziala moduko ondorio psikosozialak sor ditzakete. Hauek prebenitzeko, erlazio terapeutikoaren bidez, erizainak identitate berria bilatzen, segurtasuna eskaini, talde terapia sustatu eta inguru soziala zein fisikora moldatzen lagundu beharko dio pazienteari. Honen errekuperazioan, zaintzailea elementu garrantzitsua dela kontuan izan beharko du erizainak. Eztabaidan honakoak izan dira puntu garrantzitsuenak: erizain interbentzioen inguruko ebidentzia falta, afasian zentratutako interbentzio zein balorazio eskalen garapenaren beharra, gaur egun erizainek afasiari buruzko duten ezagutza falta, afasiadun pazienteen abordai psikosozialari begira erizainak duen jarrera desegokia eta osasun profesionalen komunikazio estrategien inguruko heziketa falta. Ondorio gisa ikusi da, pertsona afasikoek bizi dituzten ondorio psikosozialak gutxitzeko erizainak gainontzeko osasun profesionalekin batera errehabilitazio sozialean eta psikologikoan parte hartuz aurrerapenak ikusi daitezkeela. Horretarako, lehenengo pausua osasun profesionalek afasia tratatzeko ikuspuntua aldatzea izango da, ikuspuntu biomedikotik biopsikosozialera aldatuz. Ondoren komunikazio estrategien inguruan trebatu beharko dira, komunikazio eraginkor bat funtsezkoa baita afasikoekin lan egiteko.

Reutilización de escoria negra de acería como soporte en biofiltros para la eliminación de H2S del biogás.

[EN]Due to the limitations associated with fossil fuels it is necessary to promote energy sources that are renewable as well as eco-friendly, such as biogas generated in anaerobic digesters. The biogas, composed principally of methane and CO2, is the result of the biodegradation of organic matter under anaerobic conditions. Its use as fuel is limited by the presence of minority compounds such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S); therefore, its pre-treatment is necessary. Currently there are various technologies for the removal of H2S from a gas stream, but most of them are based on physic-chemical treatments which have a number of drawbacks as reactive consumption, generation of secondary flows, etc. Biofiltration has been used as an efficient and low cost alternative to conventional purification processes, and excellent results for the degradation of H2S have been obtained. However process can be limited due to the progressive ageing of the support material, along with the loss of nutrients and other specific characteristics necessary for the good development of biomass. The purpose of this project is to develop a mixed support consisting of a mixture of an organic material and an inorganic support for its application in the removal of the H2S from biogas. This support material helps to optimize the characteristics of the bed and extend its lifespan. The development of such material will contribute to the implementation of biofiltration for treating biogas from anaerobic digesters for its use as biofuel. The inorganic material used is electric arc furnace (EAF) black slag, a by-product generated in large quantities in the production of steel in the Basque Country. Although traditionally the slag has been used in civil engineering, its physicochemical characteristics make it suitable for reuse as a filter medium in biofiltration. The main conclusion drawn from the experimental results is that EAF black slag is a suitable co-packing material in organic biofilters treating H2S-polluted gaseous streams. High pollutant removal rates have been achieved during the whole experimental period. The removal capacity recorded in biofilters with less inorganic material was higher than in those with higher slag portion. Nevertheless, all the biofilters have shown a satisfactory response even at high inlet loads (48 g·m-3·h-1), where the RE has not decreased over 82%.

A preliminary study on the feasibility of using fenced brushparks for fish production in Lake Chilwa, Malawi

A study to investigate the feasibility of using fenced brushparks for fish ranching in Lake Chilwa was conducted for five months at the Kachulu Harbor. In a water depth of 1.4 m enclosures constructed from bamboo sticks embedded in the sediment and surrounded by a 13 mm seine net, were filled with three different subrates (Typha, bamboo, and Sesbania branches) and a no substrate enclosure served as a control. Netting materials contributed 57 per cent towards the total cost (US$ 0.24-0.30/m2) of brushpark contruction. Fish productivity was highest in the Typha, bamboo and control treatments and lowest in the Sesbania treatments. The decomposition of substrates did not affect water quality. The results indicate that enclosed brushparks may be a feasible technology for enhancing fish yields and providing alternative income sources to fisherfolk in small lakes and water bodies.

Climatic indicators in an ice core from the Yukon [abstract]

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Stable isotope data obtained from snow and ice cores retrieved from an altitude of 5340m on Mt. Logan (60°30'N; 140°36'W) indicate that "isotopic seasons" are not generally in phase with calendar seasons. The former are phase lagged with respect to the latter by up to several months and appear to be correlated with SST'S and ocean heat transfer curves and/or the position of the Aleutian low rather than with air temperature or the temperature difference between the ocean surface and the core site.

In vitro effects of fungicides on the fungus Haliphthoros philippinensis

Pure cultures of Haliphthoros philippinensis, isolated from infected Penaeus monodon larvae, were exposed for 24 hours to varying concentrations of antifungal agents. The efficiency of each agent to inhibit sporulation and mycelial growth was measured. Effects on P. monodon eggs and larvae were also investigated. It is concluded that preliminary bioassay of larval tolerance to the suggested effective doses should always be made prior to prophylaxix or therapeutic applications.

文冠果果壳中甾醇及脂肪酸成分的研究

文冠果（Xantoceras sorbifolia）为无患子科文冠果属植物，一属一种，是我国特有的油用和民间药用植物。文冠果的种仁、茎、叶和花这几个部位的化学成分都有人研究过，而果壳的化学成分还没有任何报道。本文首次对采用辽宁省的文冠果果壳的化学成分-甾醇及脂肪酸类成分进行了研究。将文冠果果壳（2千克）的乙酸乙酯萃取部分（28克，占果壳重的1.4%）用硅胶柱色谱分离，得到了一种白色结晶（200毫克，占果壳重的0.01%），薄层色谱及银离子薄层色谱都显示为均匀的单一斑点。综合应用核磁共振碳谱（包含无畸变极性转移增强法）、核磁共振氢谱、质谱、红外光谱以及相关的文献调研鉴定该白色晶体为2种甾醇成分，它们分别为：（3β，5α，20R，24S）-豆甾-7，反-22二烯-3-醇和（3β，5α，20R，24R）-豆甾-7-烯-3-醇。这2种甾醇在文冠果中均为首次报道其结构的成分。将以上2种甾醇成分乙酰化，并用制备性薄层色谱及硅胶柱色谱纯化甾醇乙酰化物，最后用质谱、气相色谱-质谱联用技术对这2种甾醇成分作了定性验证和定量分析。气相色谱-质谱联用分析结果表明这2种甾醇成分的含量分别为85%和15%。将三种不同提取方式得到的正己烷可溶部分分别皂化，再用快速甲酯化法甲酯化，并用气相色谱比较了这三种不同撮方式得到的脂肪酸部分：固-液回流热提方式与液-液萃取方式得到的12种脂肪酸的种类和含量非常近似，而固-液冷浸方式仅得到8种脂肪酸。最后用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了文冠果果冠中固-液回流热提方式所得脂肪酸的含量与结构，共分离检测了21种脂肪酸，其中有8种在文冠果中为首次报道，它们分别是：己酸（0.7%），庚酸（0.5%），辛酸（0.4%），王酸（0.7%），癸酸（0.2%），10-甲基-十一烷酸（0.8%），12-甲基-十四烷酸（1.1%），十七烷酸（1.1%）。

钮子瓜和袋花忍冬的化学成分研究

钮子瓜（Zehneria maysorensis Arn.）是一种常用的中草药，其性味苦、凉，主要功效为清热利湿、散风止痛，主治膀胱炎、头痛。体外活性筛选实验表明，袋花忍冬（Lonicera saccata Rehd.）95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部分对血管紧张素转化酶显示较强的抑制活性。为明确钮子瓜的药用物质基础和袋花忍冬中具有ACE抑制活性的成分，首次对两个植物的成分进行了研究。 1. 从钮子瓜95%乙醇提取物中主要通过色谱方法首次分离了14个化合物，通过波谱方法鉴定为(2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2R)-2-羟基二十四烷酰基氨基]-10-十八烷-1,3,4-三醇（1）、(2S,3S,4R)-2-二十四烷酰基氨基-十八烷-1,3,4-三醇 （2）、胡萝卜苷（3）、swertish （4）、苯甲酸（5）、水杨酸（6）、loliolide （7）、胸腺嘧啶（8）、尿嘧啶（9）、(23Z)-9,19-环阿尔廷-23-烯-3β,25-二醇（10）、(20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-表二氧-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇（11）、十六烷酸 1-甘油酯（12）、大豆脑苷Ⅰ（13）和(22E,24S)-24-甲基-5α-胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇（14）。其中化合物4为一黄酮碳苷，具有旋转异构现象，有止痛作用；化合物6具有抗炎、镇痛、减热的活性，它们可能是钮子瓜药用物质基础的一部分。 2. 从袋花忍冬95%乙醇提取物中首次分离并鉴定了16个已知化合物：胡萝卜苷（3）、(20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-表二氧-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇（11）、十六烷酸 1-甘油酯（12）、E-p-coumaryl behenate (15)、谷甾醇（16）、2,6-dihydroxyhumula-3(12), 7(13),9(E)-triene (17)、环阿尔廷-25-烯-3β,24ξ-二醇 (18)、二十四烷酸 (19)、2,4-二羟基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯 (20)、乌苏酸 (21)、柚皮素 (22)、木犀草素 (23)、柏双黄酮（24）咖啡酸 (25)、洋芹素（26）和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷 (27)。其中木犀草素（23）和咖啡酸（25）含量较高，它们为抑制ACE活性的成分。 3．综述了黄酮碳苷的旋转异构现象。 Zehneria maysorensis is a folk medicine for the treatment of cystitis and headache. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the 95% ethanol extract of Lonicera saccata showed obvious ACE inhibitory activity in vitro. To reveal their active constitutents, they were subjected to chemically study. From the 95% ethanol extract of the whole plants of Zehneria maysroensis fourteen compounds were isolated for the first time. On the basis of spectral data and/or by comparison with authentic samples, they were characterized to be (2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-10-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (1), (2S,3S,4R)-2-tetracosanoylamino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol (2), daucosterol (3), swertish (4), benzoic acid (5), salicylic acid (6), loliolide (7), thymine (8), uracil (9), (23Z)-9,19-cycloart-23-ene-3β,25-diol (10), (20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta- 6,22-diene-3β-ol (11), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecoate (12), soya-cerebroside (13) and (22E,24S)-24-methyl-5α-cholesta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (14). Compound 4, a C-glycosylflavone, showed a very interesting rotational isomerism. Compounds 4 and 6 may be the active constituents of Zehneria maysorensis considering their sedative and anti-inflammation activity, respectively. From the whole plants of Lonicera saccata, sixteen compounds were isolated for the first time. On the basis of spectral data and/or by comparison with authentic samples, they were identified to be daucosterol (3), (20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy- ergosta-6,22-diene-3β-ol (11), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecoate (12), E-p-coumaryl behenate (15), β-sitosterol (16), 2,6-dihydroxyhumula-3(12),7(13),9(E)-triene (17), cycloart-25-ene-3β,24ξ-diol (18), tetracosanoic acid (19), methyl 2,4-dihydroxy- 3,6-dimethylbenzoate (20), ursolic acid (21), naringenin (22), luteolin (23), cupressuflavone (24), caffeic acid (25), apigenin (26) and luteolin-7-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (27). Luteolin (23) and caffeic acid (25) were the ACE inhibitory active constituents. Rotational isomerism for C-glycosylflavonoid was reviewed.

尼泊尔水东哥、水麻、木姜冬青和青荚叶的化学成分研究

活性筛选中发现尼泊尔水东哥 (Saurauia napaulensis DC.) 树皮95%乙醇提取物具有α-淀粉酶抑制活性、水麻(Debregeasia orientalis) 枝叶95%乙醇提取物显示血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性、青荚叶(Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) Dieter.) 95%乙醇提取物的中小极性部分显示蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶(PTP)1B抑制活性。为全面了解它们的成分及相关活性成份，主要运用硅胶柱层析方法从这三个植物分离得到39个化合物，通过波谱分析或与已知品对照的方法对其进行了鉴定。对木姜冬青(Ilex litseaefolia Hu et Tang)的成分做了进一步的研究，取得了如下结果。 1. 从尼泊尔水东哥树皮的95%乙醇提取物分离并鉴定12个化合物： auranamide、aurantiamide benzoate、齐墩果酸、β-谷甾醇、β-胡萝卜甙、乌苏酸、2α,3α-二羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸、2α,3β,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸、(2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2'R)-2' -hydroxytetracosanoylamino] -10-octadecene -1,3,4-triol、 2α,3α,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-齐墩果酸、2α,3β-二羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸和2α,3α,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸。 2. 从水麻枝叶的95%乙醇提取物分离并鉴定了18个化合物：棕榈酸、二十烷酸、二十烷酸甲酯、β-谷甾醇、Monogynol A、桦木酸、Hederagenin、β-胡萝卜甙、18αH-19(29)-烯-3-酮-乌苏烷、3，4-开环-20(30)-烯-乌苏烷-3-酸、Pomolic acid，表儿茶素、儿茶素、槲皮素、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、紫丁香苷、紫丁香酚苷和山萘酚-3-O-芸香糖。儿茶素、槲皮素和槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷为具有ACE抑制活性的成分。 3. 从木姜冬青95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部分分离并鉴定了5个化合物： 2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-6,2´-二羟基-4,4´-二香草酰氧甲基-1,1´-二苯醚（冬青苷）和四个已知化合物：七叶内酯、香草酸、3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸和vanilloylcalleryanin。冬青苷为新化合物。 4. 从青荚叶95%乙醇提取物的中小极性部分分离并鉴定了9个化合物：β-谷甾醇、β-胡萝卜苷、羽扇豆醇、桦木醇、桦木酸、棕榈酸甘油酯、桂皮酸、6αH-4-烯-3-酮-豆甾醇和6βH-4-烯-3-酮-豆甾醇。 5. 对1985-2006年间天然二苯醚类化合物及活性研究进展进行综述. The in vitro test indicated that the 95% ethanolic extract of the barks of Saurauia napaulensis DC showed α-amylase inhibitory activity, the 95% ethanolic extract of the whole plants of Debregeasia. orientalis showed angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and some fractions of the 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Helwingia japonica showed protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)1B inhibitory activity. In order to investigate components and active compounds of the three plants, they were chemically studied mainly using. Thirty-nine compounds were isolated predominantly by column chromatography identified by spectral methods or comparing them with authentic samples. Further investigation of Ilex litseaefolia Hu et Tang was carried out. Major results are as follows: 1. Twelve compounds were isolation from the 95% ethanolic extract of the barks of S. napaulensis DC. They were identified as auranamide, aurantiamide benzoate, oleanolic acid, β-sitosterol, β-daucosterol, ursolic acid, 2α,3α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, 2α,3β,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, (2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl amino]-10-octadecene-1,3,4-triol, 2α,3α,24 -trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, 2α,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, and 2α,3α,24-trihydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid, respectively, by spectral methods or comparing them with authentic samples. 2. Eighteen compounds were isolation from the 95% ethanolic extract of the whole plants of D. orientalis. They were identified as palmitic acid, henicosanoic acid, henicosanoic acid methyl ester, β-sitosterol, monogynol, betulinic acid, hederagenin, β-daucosterol, 18αH-urs-20(30)-en-3-one, 3,4-seco-urs-20(30)-en-3-oic acid, pomolic acid, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, quercetin, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, syringin, syringiaresinol digloside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinose. (+)-Catechin, quercetin and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were the ACE inhibitory active components. 3. Further phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate parts of 95% ethanolic extract of the whole plant of I. litseaefolia afforded 2-O-β-D-glucopyranose-4,4´-di-vanilloyloxymethyl-2,6´-dihydroxy-1,1´-diphenyl ether (ilexiside), esculetin, vanillic acid, 3,4-dimethoxybenzylacetic acid and vanilloylcalleryanin. Ilexiside was new compound. 4. Nine compounds were isolation from the 95% ethanolic extract of the whole plant of H. japonica: β-sitosterol, β-daucosterol, lupeol, betulin, betulinic acid, glycerol monopalmitate, cinnamic acid, stignast-4-en-6β-3-one and stignast-4-en-6α-3-one 5.Diphenyl ether compounds from nature between 1985-2006 were summarized.