Cuando el sindicato se tiñe de género. El caso de la secretaría de Derechos Humanos, Género e Igualdad de la Asociación Bancaria Argentina en el período 2013-2016

Tanto el sindicalismo argentino, como el impulso de la perspectiva de género en Argentina tienen una característica peculiar, que no se da en otros países del Cono Sur. Estas dos situaciones generan una retroalimentación entre los debates de género y sindicalismo. En este contexto se encuadra el caso a analizar, a saber, la "Asociación Bancaria" de Argentina, en el período 2013-2016. Nuestro objetivo general consistió en observar la implementación de las políticas de género de la Secretaría de Derechos Humanos, Género e Igualdad (SDHGI) de la Asociación Bancaria. Encarando el trabajo de identificar la representatividad estadística o descriptiva (cantidad de mujeres en cargos y las tareas realizadas) y la representatividad política (si está presente y de qué forma la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en las actividades que planea y desarrolla) Esto nos llevó a ver si había una articulación entre estas dos representaciones. La hipótesis que guió esta investigación es que, si bien se desarrollaron distintas estrategias para visibilizar la problemática de género, estas no fueron suficientemente efectivas para avanzar sobre las desigualdades generizadas a la hora del acceso a los cargos más importantes. El trabajo se divide en tres capítulos. El primero, construye un estado de la cuestión, en relación a lo escrito sobre sindicalismo, género y los bancarios. El segundo ofrece una breve reconstrucción histórica del sindicato bancario. En el tercer capítulo analizamos la SDHGI, a partir de los documentos generados y las actividades realizadas, así como de la composición del secretariado nacional del sindicato. Por último, en las conclusiones, elaboramos algunas reflexiones finales, y nos planteamos otras preguntas que fueron surgiendo a lo largo de la investigación y que pudieran orientar otras líneas de acción

(Table S1) Tie-points used in age model construction for ODP Leg 172 sites

ix Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sites, in the Northwest Atlantic have been used to investigate kinematic and chemical changes in the "Western Boundary Undercurrent" (WBUC) during the development of full glacial conditions across the Marine Isotope Stage 5a/4 boundary (~70,000 years ago). Sortable silt mean grain size(sort s) measurements are employed to examine changes in near bottom flow speeds, together with carbon isotopes measured in benthic foraminifera and % planktic foraminiferal fragmentation as proxies for changes in water-mass chemistry. A depth transect of cores, spanning 1.8-4.6 km depth, allows changes in both the strength and depth of the WBUC to be constrained across millennial scale events. Sort s measurements reveal that the flow speed structure of the WBUC during warm intervals ("interstadials") was comparable to modern (Holocene) conditions. However, significant differences are observed during cold intervals, with higher relative flow speeds inferred for the shallow component of the WBUC (~2 km depth) during all cold "stadial" intervals (including Heinrich Stadial 6), and a substantial weakening of the deep component (~3-4 km) during full glacial conditions. Our results therefore reveal that the onset of full glacial conditions was associated with a regime shift to a shallower mode of circulation (involving Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water) that was quantitatively distinct from preceding cold stadial events. Furthermore, our chemical proxy data show that the physical response of the WBUC during the last glacial inception was probably coupled to basin-wide changes in the water-mass composition of the deep Northwest Atlantic.

Ristin tie: runoja

Nimiösivulla myös motto: Kaikki suuri tapahtuu hitaasti; ei edes rypäle eikä viikuna valmistu silmänräpäyksessä ... Epiktetos.

Tallinmäki–Virojoki-tie, Hamina, Virolahti : Museotien hoito- ja ylläpitosuunnitelma

Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotie sijaitsee Haminan ja Virolahden kunnissa. Museotiejakson pituus on noin 35 kilometriä. Museotieksi poikkeuksellisesti tie 3513 (Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki) on koko pituudeltaan museotie. Se on osa Suurta Rantatietä, joka johtaa Turusta historiallisesti Viipuriin, nykyisin Vaalimaalle. Suuren Rantatien historia ulottuu Turun lähiympäristössä jopa 800-luvulle saakka. Viipurin linnan rakentamisen aloittaminen vuonna 1293 on ollut ajankohta, jolloin yhtenäistä maakulkureittiä Ruotsin itärajan rajalinnaan on tarvittu. Tie on syntynyt valtakunnalliseksi maantieksi hallinnollisista ja sotilaallisista tarpeista. Suuri Rantatie on yksi harvoista Suomen historiallisista teistä, jotka on inventoitu. Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotie on säilynyt linjaukseltaan ja korkeussuhteiltaan melko samanlaisena, mitä se on ollut 1700-luvulla. Tie kaartelee laajoja maanviljelysmaisemia, mutta sen varrella on myös metsäisiä jaksoja. Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-tie on liitetty Liikenneviraston (silloin Tie- ja vesirakennuslaitoksen) museokohdekokoelmaan vuonna 1982 ensimmäisten kohteiden joukossa. Liikenneviraston museokohdekokoelmassa Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotie edustaa kokoelmapolitiikassa mainittua tieliikennehistoriallista ajanjaksoa, ”Tien varhaisvaiheet 800-1400-luvulla, Jaakko Teitin luettelon keskiaikaiset tiet”. Museotie kuuluu Museoviraston valtakunnallisesti merkittävien rakennettujen kulttuuriympäristöjen luetteloon (RKY) osana Suurta Rantatietä. Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotiejakso on ollut vuoteen 1966 osana valtatietä 7. On luonnollista, että noin 800 vuotta vanhoja tien tunnusmerkkejä ei enää löydy. Tie on säilynyt museointihetkensä (1982) asussa melko hyvin. Autoliikenteen vaatimukset ovat muokanneet tietä 1930-luvulta alkaen. Tiehen keskeisesti liittyy edelleenkin havaittava sotilaallinen rakennelma, Salpa-linja, mikä jatkaa tien syntyhistorian perinnettä. Museokohdekokoelmassa Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotien keskeinen arvo on sen ajallinen ja ilmiöllinen kerrostuneisuus. Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-museotien kunto on museaalisesta näkökulmasta hyvä. Myös tien ympäristö vastaa historiallista arvoa. Museokohteena Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-tie on helposti saavutettava ja helposti löytyvä. Maisemallisesti kohde on merkittävä, koska tien linjaus ja mäkisyys sekä maa- ja metsätalousmaisema ovat säilyneet toisiaan täydentävänä kokonaisuutena. Erikoisuutena ovat 1900-luvun alussa rakennetut kivisillat. Niiden kunnon tarkkailu ja kunnossapito ovat tien historialliselle arvolle tärkeitä. Museotien opastaulut ovat uusia ja siistissä kunnossa. Hoito- ja ylläpitosuunnitelmassa esitetään yhtä lisätaulua Klamilan kylään perusteella, että sillä kohdalla on säilynyt tien alkuperäistä linjausta muutaman sadan metrin matkalla maantienä. Klamilan kaupan ja kylätalon pihan kulmasta lähtee ja palaa myöhemmin museotielle (3513) Uuno Klamin tie, jonka tienumero on 14709. Hoito- ja ylläpitosuunnitelman tavoitteena on säilyttää Tallinmäki ̶ Virojoki-tie todisteena Suomen teiden varhaisvaiheista kerrostuneena valtatieksi vuosina 1938-1966. Tien säilyneisyys museointihetken (1982) asussa edellyttää hienovaraisia toimenpiteitä, joissa erityisesti otetaan huomioon tien liittyminen ympäristöönsä. Toimenpiteillä pyritään korostamaan tien ja sen ympäristön tulkittavuutta. Suunnitelmassa on esitetty toimenpiteitä tien ja sen lähiympäristön kehittämiseksi ja hoitamiseksi sekä tienpitäjän että maanomistajien näkökulmasta. Suunnitelma sisältää alueurakkaan sisällytettävät tieympäristön hoitotoimenpiteet sekä pitkän aikavälin tavoitteena kohteen ympäristön kunnostustoimenpiteitä ja suuntaviivoja tien mahdolliselle korjaukselle.

An Islanding Detection Method based on Impedance Estimation and Grid Identification for Grid-Tie Distributed Power Generation Systems

Power system policies are broadly on track to escalate the use of renewable energy resources in electric power generation. Integration of dispersed generation to the utility network not only intensifies the benefits of renewable generation but also introduces further advantages such as power quality enhancement and freedom of power generation for the consumers. However, issues arise from the integration of distributed generators to the existing utility grid are as significant as its benefits. The issues are aggravated as the number of grid-connected distributed generators increases. Therefore, power quality demands become stricter to ensure a safe and proper advancement towards the emerging smart grid. In this regard, system protection is the area that is highly affected as the grid-connected distributed generation share in electricity generation increases. Islanding detection, amongst all protection issues, is the most important concern for a power system with high penetration of distributed sources. Islanding occurs when a portion of the distribution network which includes one or more distributed generation units and local loads is disconnected from the remaining portion of the grid. Upon formation of a power island, it remains energized due to the presence of one or more distributed sources. This thesis introduces a new islanding detection technique based on an enhanced multi-layer scheme that shows superior performance over the existing techniques. It provides improved solutions for safety and protection of power systems and distributed sources that are capable of operating in grid-connected mode. The proposed active method offers negligible non-detection zone. It is applicable to micro-grids with a number of distributed generation sources without sacrificing the dynamic response of the system. In addition, the information obtained from the proposed scheme allows for smooth transition to stand-alone operation if required. The proposed technique paves the path towards a comprehensive protection solution for future power networks. The proposed method is converter-resident and all power conversion systems that are operating based on power electronics converters can benefit from this method. The theoretical analysis is presented, and extensive simulation results confirm the validity of the analytical work.

Estudo fotoelástico do controle vertical com o arco de dupla chave na técnica Straight wire

INTRODUÇÃO: em alguns casos, a extração de pré-molares torna-se necessária e nem sempre os espaços são completamente fechados após o alinhamento e nivelamento. O arco de dupla chave, ou Double Key Loop (DKL), é um arco retangular de aço para retração, com duas alças - uma mesial e outra distal ao canino. OBJETIVOS: este trabalho propôs-se a estudar o local onde a força é exercida, após a ativação desse arco, utilizando ativação na alça distal, ativação entre as alças e na alça distal, e ativação com Gurin®. MÉTODOS: foram montados nove modelos fotoelásticos de um arco dentário inferior, sem os primeiros pré-molares e os terceiros molares, com braquetes In-Ovation e arco DKL. O arco foi ativado e a região de incisivos, caninos e dentes posteriores foi fotografada, com interposição de filtros polarizadores de luz. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: após a análise do modelo fotoelástico, concluiu-se que a ativação com Gurin® pode produzir movimento de retração anterior com componente extrusivo; a ativação na alça distal pode produzir movimento de retração anterior sem componente extrusivo; e a ativação entre as alças e na alça distal pode produzir movimento de retração anterior com componente intrusivo.

Global gene expression under nitrogen starvation in Xylella fastidiosa: contribution of the sigma(54) regulon

Background: Xylella fastidiosa, a Gram-negative fastidious bacterium, grows in the xylem of several plants causing diseases such as citrus variegated chlorosis. As the xylem sap contains low concentrations of amino acids and other compounds, X. fastidiosa needs to cope with nitrogen limitation in its natural habitat. Results: In this work, we performed a whole-genome microarray analysis of the X. fastidiosa nitrogen starvation response. A time course experiment (2, 8 and 12 hours) of cultures grown in defined medium under nitrogen starvation revealed many differentially expressed genes, such as those related to transport, nitrogen assimilation, amino acid biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation, and many genes encoding hypothetical proteins. In addition, a decrease in the expression levels of many genes involved in carbon metabolism and energy generation pathways was also observed. Comparison of gene expression profiles between the wild type strain and the rpoN null mutant allowed the identification of genes directly or indirectly induced by nitrogen starvation in a sigma(54)-dependent manner. A more complete picture of the sigma(54) regulon was achieved by combining the transcriptome data with an in silico search for potential sigma(54)-dependent promoters, using a position weight matrix approach. One of these sigma(54)-predicted binding sites, located upstream of the glnA gene (encoding glutamine synthetase), was validated by primer extension assays, confirming that this gene has a sigma(54)-dependent promoter. Conclusions: Together, these results show that nitrogen starvation causes intense changes in the X. fastidiosa transcriptome and some of these differentially expressed genes belong to the sigma(54) regulon.

Integration and visualization of systems biology data in context of the genome

Background: High-density tiling arrays and new sequencing technologies are generating rapidly increasing volumes of transcriptome and protein-DNA interaction data. Visualization and exploration of this data is critical to understanding the regulatory logic encoded in the genome by which the cell dynamically affects its physiology and interacts with its environment. Results: The Gaggle Genome Browser is a cross-platform desktop program for interactively visualizing high-throughput data in the context of the genome. Important features include dynamic panning and zooming, keyword search and open interoperability through the Gaggle framework. Users may bookmark locations on the genome with descriptive annotations and share these bookmarks with other users. The program handles large sets of user-generated data using an in-process database and leverages the facilities of SQL and the R environment for importing and manipulating data. A key aspect of the Gaggle Genome Browser is interoperability. By connecting to the Gaggle framework, the genome browser joins a suite of interconnected bioinformatics tools for analysis and visualization with connectivity to major public repositories of sequences, interactions and pathways. To this flexible environment for exploring and combining data, the Gaggle Genome Browser adds the ability to visualize diverse types of data in relation to its coordinates on the genome. Conclusions: Genomic coordinates function as a common key by which disparate biological data types can be related to one another. In the Gaggle Genome Browser, heterogeneous data are joined by their location on the genome to create information-rich visualizations yielding insight into genome organization, transcription and its regulation and, ultimately, a better understanding of the mechanisms that enable the cell to dynamically respond to its environment.

Elastic Maier-Saupe-Zwanzig model and some properties of nematic elastomers

We introduce a simple mean-field lattice model to describe the behavior of nematic elastomers. This model combines the Maier-Saupe-Zwanzig approach to liquid crystals and an extension to lattice systems of the Warner-Terentjev theory of elasticity, with the addition of quenched random fields. We use standard techniques of statistical mechanics to obtain analytic solutions for the full range of parameters. Among other results, we show the existence of a stress-strain coexistence curve below a freezing temperature, analogous to the P-V diagram of a simple fluid, with the disorder strength playing the role of temperature. Below a critical value of disorder, the tie lines in this diagram resemble the experimental stress-strain plateau and may be interpreted as signatures of the characteristic polydomain-monodomain transition. Also, in the monodomain case, we show that random fields may soften the first-order transition between nematic and isotropic phases, provided the samples are formed in the nematic state.

Statistics of opinion domains of the majority-vote model on a square lattice

The existence of juxtaposed regions of distinct cultures in spite of the fact that people's beliefs have a tendency to become more similar to each other's as the individuals interact repeatedly is a puzzling phenomenon in the social sciences. Here we study an extreme version of the frequency-dependent bias model of social influence in which an individual adopts the opinion shared by the majority of the members of its extended neighborhood, which includes the individual itself. This is a variant of the majority-vote model in which the individual retains its opinion in case there is a tie among the neighbors' opinions. We assume that the individuals are fixed in the sites of a square lattice of linear size L and that they interact with their nearest neighbors only. Within a mean-field framework, we derive the equations of motion for the density of individuals adopting a particular opinion in the single-site and pair approximations. Although the single-site approximation predicts a single opinion domain that takes over the entire lattice, the pair approximation yields a qualitatively correct picture with the coexistence of different opinion domains and a strong dependence on the initial conditions. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations indicate the existence of a rich distribution of opinion domains or clusters, the number of which grows with L(2) whereas the size of the largest cluster grows with ln L(2). The analysis of the sizes of the opinion domains shows that they obey a power-law distribution for not too large sizes but that they are exponentially distributed in the limit of very large clusters. In addition, similarly to other well-known social influence model-Axelrod's model-we found that these opinion domains are unstable to the effect of a thermal-like noise.

Description of the Immatures of Workers of the Weaver Ant, Camponotus textor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The weaver ants Camponotus textor (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are native to Central and South America, where they use their larvae to build silken nests by sewing tree leaves together. Few Studies have been conducted with this species, and little is known about the morphology of their larvae. Tie present paper estimated the number of larval instars of C. textor and presents a detailed morphological description of each immature stage based on light and electron microscopic observations. The number of larval in stars was estimated as four based oil the frequency distribution of larval head widths. Tic larvae of this species presented some typical characteristics of Camponotus (Mayr) larvae: body shape `pogonomyrmecoid`, ten pairs of spiracles, antennae with three sensilla, conspicuous `chiloscleres` on the labrum, and mature larvae with pronounced labial pseudopalps. Unprecedented characteristics would include: great diversity of body hair types, and `camponotoid` mandibles but with four medial denticles. This information can aid biological and taxonomic studies with these ants, and may be useful for ant systematics.

Embedded DSP-Based Compact Fuzzy System and Its Application for Induction-Motor V/f Speed Control

This paper presents a compact embedded fuzzy system for three-phase induction-motor scalar speed control. The control strategy consists in keeping constant the voltage-frequency ratio of the induction-motor supply source. A fuzzy-control system is built on a digital signal processor, which uses speed error and speed-error variation to change both the fundamental voltage amplitude and frequency of a sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation inverter. An alternative optimized method for embedded fuzzy-system design is also proposed. The controller performance, in relation to reference and load-torque variations, is evaluated by experimental results. A comparative analysis with conventional proportional-integral controller is also achieved.

Analysing the base of precast column in socket foundations with smooth interfaces

This paper analyzes the behavior of the base of a precast column in the socket foundation with smooth interfaces. This research is motivated by the lack of information and guidelines on the behavior of column bases in the embedded region. An experimental program with two full-scale specimens was carried-out. These two specimens had smooth interfaces at the internal faces of the socket, different embedded lengths and were subjected to loads with large eccentricities. The experimental results showed that the failure of the specimens occurred by the yielding of the longitudinal reinforcement out of the embedded region, while the transverse reinforcement was not very stressed. Some recommendations on the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement and a strut-and-tie model for the behavior of column bases in the embedded region are proposed.