BD-US: les comics vus par l'Europe

Cet ouvrage réunit des spécialistes de l'étude de la bande dessinée qui proposent une série d'éclairages sur la manière dont les productions culturelles européennes ont diffusé, exploité, reformulé ou détourné l'imaginaire et le langage des comics venus d'outre-Atlantique. L'approche se veut résolument comparative, interculturelle et intermédiale : les chercheurs abordent autant Edgar P. Jacobs ou les récents albums de Serge Lehman que les séries TV de science-fiction britanniques ou les films d'Alain Resnais, et se proposent d'interroger la réception et les réappropriations de motifs et genres populaires situés au croisement d'influences et de références diverses. La production américaine est ainsi discutée dans toute sa richesse, des super-héros à l'underground, à travers des (re)lectures proposées en Europe.

Haja-asutusalueen keskijänniteverkon kaapeloinnin ja automaation suunnittelumetodiikka

Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan erilaisia keskijänniteverkon kehittämismenetelmiä sekä suunnittelua haja-asutusalueelle. Suunnittelumetodiikan perustana on vertailla sähköverkon käyttövarmuuden tunnuslukujen sekä kokonaiskustannusten kehittymistä erilaisilla investointiratkaisuilla. Lähemmässä tarkastelussa ovat erilaiset kaapelointimenetelmät sekä automaatiolaitteet kuten maastoon sijoitettavat katkaisijat sekä kauko-ohjattavat erottimet. Kehittämisratkaisujen vertailemiseksi sähköverkosta muodostetaan laskentaa varten malli, jonka avulla on mahdollista tarkastella mm. käyttövarmuuden tunnuslukujen sekä verkon kustannusten kehittymistä. Verkon kustannuksissa otetaan huomioon investointikustannukset, käyttö- ja kunnossapitokustannukset, viankorjauskustannukset sekä keskeytyskustannukset. Keskeytysten laskentaa varten toteutetaan erilliset laskentalohkot, jotta keskeytyskustannukset saadaan mallinnettua tarkasti. Kaapelointistrategia-analyysissä vertaillaan kaapeloinnin erilaisia toteuttamisperiaatteita. Erilaisia tutkittavia kaapelointimenetelmiä ovat vyörytysmenetelmä, vikaherkimpien kohteiden uusinta, vanhimpien kohteiden uusinta, täydellinen kaapelointi sekä optimiverkostoratkaisu, jossa on hyödynnetty keskijännitejohtojen kaapeloinnin lisäksi mm. automaatioratkaisuja ja 1000 V tekniikkaa. Kaapelointimenetelmiä vertailtaessa on havaittu, että vikaherkimmistä kohteista aloitettava saneeraus tuottaa parhaimman tuloksen, jos optimiratkaisua ei oteta huomioon.

Power line communication in motor cables of variable-speed electric drives − analysis and

Data transmission between an electric motor and a frequency converter is required in variablespeed electric drives because of sensors installed at the motor. Sensor information can be used for various useful applications to improve the system reliability and its properties. Traditionally, the communication medium is implemented by an additional cabling. However, the costs of the traditional method may be an obstacle to the wider application of data transmission between a motor and a frequency converter. In any case, a power cable is always installed between a motor and a frequency converter for power supply, and hence it may be applied as a communication medium for sensor level data. This thesis considers power line communication (PLC) in inverter-fed motor power cables. The motor cable is studied as a communication channel in the frequency band of 100 kHz−30 MHz. The communication channel and noise characteristics are described. All the individual components included in a variable-speed electric drive are presented in detail. A channel model is developed, and it is verified by measurements. A theoretical channel information capacity analysis is carried out to estimate the opportunities of a communication medium. Suitable communication and forward error correction (FEC) methods are suggested. A general method to implement a broadband and Ethernet-based communication medium between a motor and a frequency converter is proposed. A coupling interface is also developed that allows to install the communication device safely to a three-phase inverter-fed motor power cable. Practical tests are carried out, and the results are analyzed. Possible applications for the proposed method are presented. A speed feedback motor control application is verified in detail by simulations and laboratory tests because of restrictions for the delay in the feedback loop caused by PLC. Other possible applications are discussed at a more general level.

Proposta per a la mobilitat en transport públic : MoveOnApp

This paper wants to show a solution for mobility in public transport. Nowadays, the high number of mobile devices with wireless geolocation and Internet data connection has become commonly used tools, as well as partial solutions to facilitate public transport focused on one means of transport (Bus, Underground ...). We collect information from public transport (means of transport, routes, schedules, fare information ...) and adapt it to different users (residents, visitors, public service staff ...). MoveOnApp is the solution adapting its user interface: finding nearby stops, planning a route, knowing schedules or real time service (connecting to the available services), or showing the route of the line. The system could incorporate new cities and regions, or new means of transport with updating service; at first we offered information of public transport from Palma (Majorca Island, Spain): moveOn Palma.

Puhdistetun jäteveden patogeenit ja desinfiointitarve

Turun seudulla kuuden kunnan jätevesien käsittely keskitetään Kakolanmäen kallion sisälle rakennettuun jätevedenpuhdistamoon, joka otetaan käyttöön vuoden 2008 lopulla. Kakolanmäen jätevedenpuhdistamolla on varauduttu tulevaisuudessa kiristyviin lupaehtoihin sekä mahdollisiin puhdistetun jäteveden hygieenistä laatua koskeviin lisämääräyksiin jättämällä tilavaraus puhdistetun jäteveden desinfioimiselle ultraviolettivalolla. Diplomityössä on selvitetty vuoden kestäneessä tutkimusjaksossa 1.9.2006- 31.8.2007 Turun kaupungin keskuspuhdistamolta mereen johdetun puhdistetun jäteveden ja esiselkeytetyn ohitusveden hygieenisen laadun vaihtelua. Jäteveden desinfiointitarvetta on arvioitu tarkastelemalla jätevedenpuhdistamon hygieenistä puhdistustulosta ja jätevesien vaikutusta purkuvesistön hygieeniseen tilaan. Tutkimuksen perusteella virtaama ei vaikuttanut merkittävästi jäteveden ulosteperäisten bakteerien määriin. Sen sijaan jäteveden bakteeripitoisuudet laskivat alhaisissa lämpötiloissa. Lämpötilan vaikutus näkyi selkeämmin esiselkeytetyssä kuin puhdistetussa jätevedessä eli bakteerien poistumiseen aktiivilietevaiheen aikana vaikuttavat muut tekijät. Mitä tehokkaammin aktiivilietevaihe toimi, sitä tehokkaammin myös bakteereja poistui. Taudinaiheuttajabakteerit selvisivät puhdistusprosessista paremmin viileän kauden aikana. Puhdistetun jäteveden hygieeninen laatu ei täyttänyt uimaveden tai kasteluveden laatuvaatimuksia, joten desinfiointitarve olisi perustelua. Jätevesien vaikutus Turun edustan merialueen hygieeniseen tilaan näkyi ajoittain korkeina bakteeripitoisuuksina purkupaikan lähistöllä. Vielä ei ole suoraa näyttöä siitä aiheuttavatko jätevedet purkupaikan lähistön uimarannoilla terveydellisiä riskejä. Jäteveden UV-desinfiointi kannattava toteuttaa vain jos hygieeninen puhdistusvelvoite määrätään. UV-desinfioinnin mitoituksessa Kakolanmäen jätevedenpuhdistamolla tulee ottaa huomioon suurin sallittu hydraulinen painehäviö. Mitoitus voidaan tehdä puhdistamon käyttöönoton jälkeen kun tarvitut prosessimittaustiedot ovat saatavilla.

Contaminação do ambiente aquático por pesticidas. Estudo de caso: águas usadas para consumo humano em Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso - análise preliminar

A preliminary analyses of the possible contamination of superficial and underground water by the active ingredients of the pesticide products used in the surroundings of the urban area of Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brazil, was carried out. A description of the study region and of its environmental characteristics, which can favor the contamination of the local aquatic environment, was presented. The EPA screening criteria, the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) and the criteria proposed by Goss were used to evaluate which pesticides might contaminate the local waters. Among the active ingredients studied, several present risks to the local aquatic environment.

Sähkönjakeluverkon primäärikomponenttien elinkaarianalyysi

Tässä työssä on tarkasteltu sähkönjakeluverkon primäärikomponenttien elinkaaria niiden energiankulutuksen näkökulmasta. Työssä kerrotaan elinkaarianalyysin käyttämisestä tutkimusmenetelmänä erityisesti sähkönjakeluverkkojen tarkastelussa. Tarkasteltaviksi komponenteiksi on valittu 110 kV/20 kV sähköasemalta päämuuntajat ja keskijännitepuolen kojeistot, keskijännitejohtolähdön maakaapeli ja ilmajohtorakenteet sekä jake-lumuuntajat, pienjännitemaakaapelit ja -avojohdot. Työssä esitetään yksinkertainen menetelmä komponenttien elinkaarien aikana kuluvan energiamäärän ja siitä aiheutuvien CO2-päästöjen arviointiin. Lisäksi esitetään tuloksia tehdyistä esimerkkitarkasteluista ja analyysin lähtötietojen määrittämisestä. Työn tarkoitus on auttaa verkkoyhtiöitä arvioimaan komponentti-investointien kannattavuutta energiatehokkuuden näkökulmasta. Energiahäviöt ovat usein verkkoyhtiön suurin asiakas ja päästökaupan myötä myös CO2-päästöillä on hintansa. Energiatehokkaiden ratkaisujen käyttäminen on tullut entistä tärkeämmäksi komponentteja uusittaessa.

Fármacos no meio ambiente

Pharmaceutical drugs have been detected in sewage treatment plants, surface waters, underground waters and potable waters. Some investigations have been conducted in several countries such as Germany, Brazil, Canada, United States, The Netherlands, England and Italy. Patients and animals excrete part of pharmaceuticals used for human and veterinary medicine after administration in domestic sewage or on the soil. Drugs residues which have not been completely removed during passage through a sewage treatment plant (STP) enter the aquatic environment. The effects of such residual drugs in terrestrial and aquatic organisms are scarcely known.

Contaminação de águas por BTXs e processos utilizados na remediação de sítios contaminados

After decades of polluting actions the environment manifests serious and global consequences. The contamination of soils and groundwater by organic compounds is a widespread problem mainly on account of contamination by leakage from underground storage tanks, which often results in the release of gasoline or other chemicals. The main problem about groundwater contamination is due to the toxicity of water-soluble components such as benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX). In the present work a study about classical and modern methods for remediation of BTX is reported.

Contaminação de aqüífero por hidrocarbonetos: estudo de caso na Vila Tupi, Porto Velho - Rondônia

Underground storage tanks (UST) are widely used in the Porto Velho area. A large number of these USTs are in bad condition due to corrosion processes causing groundwater contamination. A large number of these leaking underground fuel tanks (LUFT) are in urban areas but due to the lack of water quality monitoring, they are only detected when there is a high contamination level. This study identified petroleum hydrocarbons, derived from a LUFT, by a silica gel/petroleum ether partitioning gravimetric method and by gas chromatographic analysis of samples collected in wells dug in a gas station and in houses in the aforementioned neighborhood.

Composição e atividade antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais de Senecio crassiflorus var. crassiflorus

The essential oils of leaves, aerial and underground stems of Senecio crassiflorus var. crassiflorus were extracted by hydrodistillation and their analyses were performed by GC/MS. Qualitative and quantitative differences have been found between the analyzed parts. The main compounds of the essentials oils of the leaves were found to be oxygenated sesquiterpenes, while the oils from the aerial and underground stems showed sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as major constituents. Furthermore, the essential oils were tested against Staphylocccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. The essential oil of the leaves was shown to be the most active.

Avaliação de NO2 na atmosfera de ambientes externos e internos na cidade de Araraquara, São Paulo

The seasonal behavior of NO2 concentration shows a maximum occurring during sugarcane crop and this suggests that the biomass burning is significant source of emission at this time of the year. Along the day, the variation of the NO2 showed a decrease during the increased sunlight and an increase thereafter, caused by occurrence of photochemical reactions. Measurements of NO2 were done inside of residential and industrial kitchens and also inside of a parking garage located in the underground of a supermarket building. The indoor concentrations of NO2 were significantly higher than the concentrations of the external atmosphere and it shows the importance of the sources of internal emissions.

Fluxos de nutrientes associados às descargas de água subterrânea para a Lagoa Mangueira (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil)

This study assesses the importance of groundwater discharge to dissolved nutrient levels in Mangueira Lagoon. A transect of an irrigation canal in the margin of Lagoon demonstrated a strong geochemical gradient due to high groundwater inputs in this area. Using 222Rn as a quantitative groundwater tracer, we observed that the flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), silicate and phosphate (1178 and 1977; 26190 and 35652; 167 and 188 mol d-1 for winter and summer, respectively) can continually supply/sustain primary production. The irrigation canals act as an artificial underground tributary and represent a new source of nutrients to coastal lagoons.

Managing regulatory risks when outsourcing network-related services in the electricity distribution sector

Deregulation of the electricity sector liberated the electricity sale and production for competitive forces while in the network business, electricity transmission and distribution, natural monopoly positions were recognised. Deregulation was accompanied by efficiencyoriented thinking on the whole electricity supply industry. For electricity distribution this meant a transition from a public service towards profit-driven business guided by economic regulation. Regulation is the primary means to enforce societal and other goals in the regulated monopoly sector. The design of economic regulation is concerned with two main attributes; end-customer price and quality of electricity distribution services. Regulation limits the costs of the regulated company but also defines the desired quality of monopoly services. The characteristics of the regulatory framework and the incentives it provides are therefore decisive for the electricity distribution sector. Regulation is not a static factor; changes in the regulatory practices cause discontinuity points, which in turn generate risks. A variety of social and environmental concerns together with technological advancements have emphasised the relevance of quality regulation, which is expected to lead to the large-scale replacement of overhead lines with underground cables. The electricity network construction activity is therefore currently witnessing revolutionary changes in its competitive landscape. In a business characterised by high statutory involvement and a high level of sunk costs, recognising and understanding the regulatory risks becomes a key success factor. As a response, electricity distribution companies have turned into outsourcing to attain efficiency and quality goals. This doctoral thesis addresses the impacts of regulatory risks on electricity network construction, which is a commonly outsourced activity in the electricity distribution network sector. The chosen research approach is characterised as an action analytical research on account of the fact that regulatory risks are greatly dependent on the individual nature of the regulatory regime applied in the electricity distribution sector. The main contribution of this doctoral thesis is to develop a concept for recognising and managing the business risks stemming from economic regulation. The degree of outsourcing in the sector is expected to increase in years to come. The results of the research provide new knowledge to manage the regulatory risks when outsourcing services.

Pequisas físicas e químicas do sistema hidrográfico da região lagunar de Cananéia: I - Cursos de águas

The present elaboration is a "previous note" about two watercourses, Maria Rodrigues and Baguaçú, belonging to Hydrografic System of the Cananeas Lagoon Region in the Southern Part of it he Coast of the Estado de São Paulo, Brazil, which is the objete of our physical and chemical researches. It is based on the first results obtained from our contact with that region, ttfie studies of which are being continued and will still have to confirm or not the previous conclusions, which we are presenting in this "provisional paper". We studied the Maria Rodrigues and the Baguacu under the discussion whether they are to be clasified as a river in the poper sense ot the word or waUer-courses of any other origin. For this purpose we established observatory-stations along their whole course where we collected quantities of water to be analised. The data included in the table nº 1 and 2 refer to the physical and chemical properties of these portions of water. These physical and chemical properties were discussed and compared one with the other according to the observatory-stations, at the same moment and the tide predominating on that occasion. The physical and chemical datas were obtained according to the norms recommended by the Conseil International permanent pour l'Exploration de la Mer, Copenhague. We also presented a sketch of both; we described their relations with regard to the Mar de Cananéia; we inserted comprehensible histograms of the distribution of the observatory-stations, each of them with the respective indices, and at last we tried to correlate the occurrence of the "plancton" with the physical and chemical properties of water as well in the Maria Rodrigues as in the Baguacú. From these researches result the following previous conclusions: 1 - By the data obtained up to now nothing could be formulated as to a cyclical or "seasonal" aspect. 2 - By the comparison of the phenomena which present the rivers in the proper sense of the word and those observed in the Maria Rodrigues and the Baguacú, we are convinced that both are water-courses of the classical type "marigot,". 3 - Their channels are maintained open by the effect of the tide and, more perphaps, by the infiltration-water deriving from the underground-water level owing to the type of the soil of that region, which in mean shows an elevation of 2-4 meters over sea-level. 4 - From tables 1 and 2 and histograms 2 and 3 we stated that the water, not only of the Maria Rodrigues but also of the Baguacú, conserve more or less the same physical and chemical properties, provided that: 1) the localities to be compared are the mouths or equidistant points from them in the lower course, and 2) the moment and tide must be the same. Tables 3a and 3b show sufficiently this supposition.