Poetyckie dialogi Czesława Miłosza i Tadeusza Różewicza

Wydział Filologii Polskiej i Klasycznej

A surface plasmon resonance system for the underwater detection of domoic acid

Over the past decade Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) techniques have been applied to the measurement of numerous analytes. In this article, an SPR biosensor system deployed from an oceanographic vessel was used to measure dissolved domoic acid (DA), a common and harmful phycotoxin produced by certain microalgae species belonging to the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. During the biosensor deployment, concentrations of Pseudo-nitzschia cells were very low over the study area and measured DA concentrations were below detection. However, the in situ operational detection limit of the system was established using calibrated seawater solutions spiked with DA. The system could detect the toxin at concentrations as low as 0.1 ng mL−1 and presented a linear dynamic range from 0.1 ng mL−1 to 2.0 ng mL−1. This sensor showed promise for in situ detection of DA.

Geneza, rola i cechy preambuły w aktach prawnych

Artykuł ma na celu poszerzenie wiedzy czytelnika na temat preambuły. Jego wprowadzenie opiera się na etymologii słowa „preambuła”. Pozwala również zapoznać się z podstawowymi cechami i funkcjami preambuły. Kolejna część opisuje pochodzenie preambuły jako formy wstępu do aktu normatywnego. Przedstawia jej historię w odwołaniu do źródeł archaicznych oraz do pierwszych polskich aktów prawnych. W części trzeciej przedstawione są cechy wstępu na przykładzie polskich aktów normatywnych. Dokładnej analizie poddawane są poszczególne elementy preambuły. Część ta porusza również problematykę celu zamieszczania areng. Dalej opisywane są preambuły pojawiające się w zagranicznych aktach prawnych takich jak: Deklaracja Niepodległości Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki, Konstytucja USA, Deklaracja Praw Człowieka i Obywatela oraz Ustawa zasadnicza Republiki Federalnej Niemiec. Piąta część traktuje o sporze prawników, dotyczącym charakteru preambuły – jako części normatywnej lub deklaratoryjnej aktu normatywnego. Przytoczono argumenty obu stron oraz powołano się na opinie ekspertów, a także orzecznictwo Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. W zakończeniu artykułu podkreślona została istotna rola preambuły w aktach normatywnych. Wyjaśnione jest także dlaczego zrezygnowanie z tej formy wstępu jest niepożądane i jakie byłyby tego ewentualnie konsekwencje.

Design of functional hybrid coatings with anti-biofouling, self-cleaning and anti-reflecting applications

263 p.

Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors for Real-Time Biomolecular Binding Study

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors have brought a revolutionary change to in vitro study of biological and biochemical processes due to its ability to measure extremely small changes in surface refractive index (RI), binding equilibrium and kinetics. Strategies based on LSPR have been employed to enhance the sensitivity for a variety of applications, such as diagnosis of diseases, environmental analysis, food safety, and chemical threat detection. In LSPR spectroscopy, absorption and scattering of light are greatly enhanced at frequencies that excite the LSPR, resulting in a characteristic extinction spectrum that depends on the RI of the surrounding medium. Compositional and conformational change within the surrounding medium near the sensing surface could therefore be detected as shifts in the extinction spectrum. This dissertation specifically focuses on the development and evaluation of highly sensitive LSPR biosensors for in situ study of biomolecular binding process by incorporating nanotechnology. Compared to traditional methods for biomolecular binding studies, LSPR-based biosensors offer real-time, label free detection. First, we modified the gold sensing surface of LSPR-based biosensors using nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and polymer to enhance surface absorption and sensitivity. The performance of this type of biosensors was evaluated on the application of small heavy metal molecule binding affinity study. This biosensor exhibited ~7 fold sensitivity enhancement and binding kinetics measurement capability comparing to traditional biosensors. Second, a miniaturized cell culture system was integrated into the LSPR-based biosensor system for the purpose of real-time biomarker signaling pathway studies and drug efficacy studies with living cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first LSPR-based sensing platform with the capability of living cell studies. We demonstrated the living cell measurement ability by studying the VEGF signaling pathway in living SKOV-3 cells. Results have shown that the VEGF secretion level from SKOV-3 cells is 0.0137 ± 0.0012 pg per cell. Moreover, we have demonstrated bevacizumab drug regulation to the VEGF signaling pathway using this biosensor. This sensing platform could potentially help studying biomolecular binding kinetics which elucidates the underlying mechanisms of biotransportation and drug delivery.

Barn och historiemedvetande : Elever i årskurs 1 funderar över historia som skolämne

Denna studie har tagit utgångspunkt i hur elever i årskurs 1 formulerar sin syn på historia innan de mött historieundervisning i skolan. Detta för att se om denna syn går att förstå som ett uttryck för historiemedvetande. Data samlades in genom intervjuer vilka analyserades med hjälp av en fenomenografisk ansats för att sedan ytterligare analyseras utifrån teorier om både tidsmedvetande och historiemedvetande. Resultatet visar dels att de flesta eleverna förväxlar historia med sagor samt att fantasi anses vara en förutsättning för att skapa historia. Att historia finns som ett skolämne är ingen av eleverna medvetna om. Trots detta visar närmare hälften av eleverna spår av vad som kan kallas ett historiemedvetande och majoriteten kan uttrycka någon form av tidsmedvetande. Ofta med hjälp av sagans kronologi men likväl en kronologi vilket kan anses viktigt när det gäller just utvecklandet av ett historiemedvetande. Denna förväxling mellan sagor och historia talar för att redan i de yngre åldrarna utgå från ett metaperspektiv i undervisningen.

FY2010 Annual Report Research, Intelligent Transportation Systems, and Technology Transfer Activities, October 18, 2011

Transportation research makes a difference for Iowans and the nation. Implementation of cost effective research projects contributes to a transportation network that is safer, more efficient, and longer lasting. Working in cooperation with our partners from universities, industry, other states, and FHWA, as well as participation in the Transportation Research Board (TRB), provides benefits for every facet of the DOT. This allows us to serve our communities and the traveling public more effectively. Pooled fund projects allow leveraging of funds for higher returns on investments. In 2010, Iowa led fifteen active pooled fund studies, participated in twenty-two others, and was wrapping-up, reconciling, and closing out an additional 6 Iowa Led pooled fund studies. In addition, non-pooled fund SPR projects included approximately 20 continued, 9 new, and over a dozen reoccurring initiatives such as the technical transfer/training program. Additional research is managed and conducted by the Office of Traffic and Safety and other departments in the Iowa DOT.

Attività enzimatica ed inibizione della tirosin-fosfatasi A (MptpA) di Mycobacterium tuberculosis in funzione del pH

La tubercolosi è una malattia infettiva causata dal batterio patogeno Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tale micobatterio è in grado di secernere due importanti tirosin-fosfatasi, MptpA e MptpB, che esplicano un importante ruolo come fattori di virulenza permettendo la sopravvivenza del batterio all’interno dell’ospite mediante evasione della risposta immunitaria. In particolare, MptpA è un membro della famiglia delle tirosin-fosfatasi a basso peso molecolare ed è composta da 163 amminoacidi (17,9 kDa). L’enzima impedisce la normale maturazione del fagosoma e la fusione fagosoma-lisosoma, attraverso la defosforilazione della proteina VPS33B, inibendo così la risposta cellulare all’infezione. Obiettivo del seguente lavoro di tesi è stato analizzare il comportamento catalitico di MptpAW152F, variante caratterizzata dalla presenza di un solo triptofano, in funzione del pH. È stata inoltre valutata l’eventuale inibizione dell’attività enzimatica ad opera di alcuni composti naturali, i glucosinolati e di un inibitore di sintesi (L335-M34). Lo studio cinetico effettuato in presenza del substrato fosfotirosina ha evidenziato la presenza di un secondo sito allosterico, adiacente al sito attivo dell’enzima, che influenza l’attività di MptpAW152F. Questo risulta essere un promettente bersaglio per la progettazione di nuovi farmaci ed inibitori selettivi. La valutazione di alcuni tra questi, come l’inibitore sintetico L335-M34 ha riportato risultati promettenti. I saggi di attività in pre-steady-state in funzione del pH e le analisi SPR hanno permesso di indagare ulteriormente l’affinità di legame tra MptpAW152F e la fosfotirosina e di evidenziare il riarrangiamento strutturale dell’enzima da una forma aperta ad una forma chiusa, cataliticamente attiva.