A scanning electron microscopy study of the seed and post-seminal development in Angelonia salicariifolia Bonpl. (Scrophulariaceae)

The external morphology of seeds and post-germination developmental stages of Angelonia salicariifolia Bonpl. (Scrophulariaceae) were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Some structural features of the seed exotesta and seedling in Angelonia are presented for the first time and are of potential taxonomic value for this neotropical genus. The seeds are very small (0.9-1.7 mm long and 0.5-0.9 mm wide), ovate, with a reticulate-crested exotesta, reticules arranged uniformly in longitudinal rows, with a high density of microcilia-like projections on the cell wall of the reticule base and on the edge of the crests. The hilum is located beside the micropyle at the narrow end of the seed. Germination is epigeal. During germination the radicle develops, followed by elongation of the hypocotyl and primary root. At this stage dense root hairs develop on the lower part of the hypocotyl. The apical bud-located between the cotyledons-begins to develop after the cotyledons have unfolded. The cotyledons are equal in size, sessile and ovate. The seedlings have two types of trichomes, one characteristic of the cotyledons and first pair of leaves (glandular, sessile, four-celled head with quadrangular shape) and the other characteristic of the hypocotyl and epicotyl (stalked, erect, elongate and three-celled with dome-shaped unicellular head). (C) 2001 Annals of Botany Company.

Asymmetric post-natal development of superior cervical ganglion of paca (Agouti paca)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Post-larval morphology, growth, and development of Uca cumulanta Crane, 1943 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) under laboratory conditions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Post-Embryonic Development of Larvae of the Weaver Ant Camponotus textor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Seed morphology and post-seminal development of Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae) from the Campos Gerais, Paraná, Southern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Post-embrionic development of the digestive tube of Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus) (Diptera, Cuterebridae)

The digestive tube of 2nd and 3rd instar larvae, pupae and newly emerged adults of Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus, 1781) was studied anatomically. The specimens were dissected in buffer saline under a stereomicroscope, and the digestive tubes were placed on slides and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Each tube was measured using a micrometric eye piece, and drawings were made with camera lucida. The results showed that the midgut, the hindgut and the Malpighian tubules with their ducts grow gradually during the larval development. The oesophagus and the salivary glands with their ducts grow only during the moult from the 2nd to the 3rd instar. In the pupal period, salivary glands grow gradually but disappeared after the 20th day. After metamorphosis the digestive tube regressed. This is expected since adult D. hominis lives about nine days without feeding. This fly, similar to other calyptratae muscoid flies shows no vestige of a crop during all post-embrionic development, and the adult has no salivary glands.

Annexin-A1 gene expression during liver development and post-translation modification after experimental endotoxemia

Objective and design: We have previously reported a role for annexin-A1 in liver proliferation and tumorogenicity as well as its action as an acute phase protein in a model of endotoxemia in interleukin-6 null mice.Material and methods: In this study, we have investigated the analysis of the gene and protein expression in annexin-A1 null mice and the wild type livers during foetal and adult life, and in the presence of a proinflammatory stimulus.Results: The data indicate a link between the expression of the annexin-A1 as serine-phosphorylated-protein during early events of the inflammatory response and as tyrosine-phosphorylated-form at later time-points, during the resolution of inflammation.Conclusions: The study of annexin-A1 post-translation modification may promote a new annexin-A1 peptide discovery programme to treat specific pathologies.

Cell nucleus activity during post-embryonic development of Apis melliferaL. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Intranuclear acid phosphatase

We report nuclear acid phosphatase activity in the somatic (intra-ovariolar and stromatic) and germ cells of differentiating honey bee worker ovaries, as well as in the midgut cells of metamorphosing bees. There was heterogeneity in the intensity and distribution of electron dense deposits of lead phosphate, indicative of acid phosphatase activity in the nuclei of these tissues, during different phases of post-embryonic bee development. This heterogeneity was interpreted as a variation of the nuclear functional state, related to the cell functions in these tissues.

Ghost-ant: Post-embryonic development of the worker caste of Tapinoma melanocephalum (hymenoptera: Formicidae)

This study examines some aspects of the basic biology of the worldwide distributed ant Tapinoma melanocepbalum Fabricius. The number of larval instars and the growth ratio between each instar are given. We used colonies containing only queens and workers, and later removed these queens in order to estimate the production of eggs and the duration of immature development of the worker caste. Measurements of larvae cephalic capsule widths revealed that workers of the ghost-ant have four larval instars from egg-hatching to adult. The mean growth rate for the species is 1.38, in accordance with Dyar's rule. The highest egg production was 5.3±2.2 eggs/day/queen and the analysis of these brood suggested the presence of two kinds of eggs inside the colony. The development of workers from egg to adult lasted 16-52 days with the embryonic development longer than larval, prepupal or pupal stages. Despite the slow egg-laying by queens, our findings also showed that colonies of T. melanocephalum grow faster than colonies of other tramp ants.

Theory and practice of industrial policy: evidence from the Latin American experience

Includes bibliography

Fly your kite: a metaphor for a theory of territorial development

Includes bibliography

Structural constraints on development in Latin America and the Caribbean: a post-crisis reflection

Includes bibliography

El desarrollo social de América Latina en la postguerra = The social development of Latin America in the post-war period

Publicado sólo en español por Solar/Hachette de Buenos Aires