Effect of osteogenesis imperfecta on orthodontic tooth movement in a mouse model

Thesis written in co-mentorship with director: Nelly Huynh; co-directors: Frank Rauch and Jean-Marc Retrouvey; collaborators: Clarice Nishio, Duy-Dat Vu and Nathalie Alos

Les significations du processus transitionnel de personnes âgées hospitalisées nécessitant un hébergement permanent et vivant de multiples relocalisations

Au Québec, les personnes âgées hospitalisées nécessitant un hébergement dans le secteur public peuvent être déplacées plusieurs fois au sein d’un hôpital et de différents établissements jusqu’à ce qu’une place permanente soit disponible. Cette pratique peut avoir des conséquences sur leur santé. Les significations qu’accordent les personnes âgées à cette expérience sont peu connues alors qu’elles peuvent influencer leur processus transitionnel et les conséquences sur leur santé et leur bien-être. Basée sur la théorie de transitions de Meleis (2010), une micro ethnographie critique ayant pour but de comprendre les significations du processus transitionnel de personnes âgées hospitalisées nécessitant un hébergement et vivant de multiples relocalisations a été conçue. L’échantillon était composé de huit personnes âgées ayant vécu au moins deux relocalisations durant leur attente d’hébergement. Des entrevues semi-dirigées et des conversations informelles ont été utilisées. L’analyse des données a respecté la méthode décrite par Braun et Clarke (2006). Les résultats de cette analyse thématique ont démontré que les personnes âgées vivent, durant leur expérience transitionnelle, des discontinuités spatio-temporelles auxquelles elles attribuent différentes significations. Ces significations correspondent à la perception de vivre de longues périodes d’attente dans des milieux temporaires, des déménagements rapides et impromptus et des coupures affectives. L’incertitude et l’impuissance ressenties à divers degrés d’intensité par les personnes âgées sont également des significations qui ressortent du processus transitionnel. Une autre signification accordée par les personnes âgées à leur expérience de transitions est l’importance des « petites choses » de la vie quotidienne. Les connaissances issues de cette étude ont des implications pour les différents champs d’activités des infirmières. Notamment, elles offrent des pistes pour favoriser la santé et le bien-être des personnes âgées vivant un processus transitionnel.

Spectroscopic Investigation of Tooth Caries and Demineralization

Dental caries persists to be the most predominant oral disease in spite of remarkable progress made during the past half- century to reduce its prevalence. Early diagnosis of carious lesions is an important factor in the prevention and management of dental caries. Conventional procedures for caries detection involve visual-tactile and radiographic examination, which is considered as “gold standard”. These techniques are subjective and are unable to detect the lesions until they are well advanced and involve about one-third of the thickness of enamel. Therefore, all these factors necessitate the need for the development of new techniques for early diagnosis of carious lesions. Researchers have been trying to develop various instruments based on optical spectroscopic techniques for detection of dental caries during the last two decades. These optical spectroscopic techniques facilitate noninvasive and real-time tissue characterization with reduced radiation exposure to patient, thereby improving the management of dental caries. Nonetheless, a costeffective optical system with adequate sensitivity and specificity for clinical use is still not realized and development of such a system is a challenging task.Two key techniques based on the optical properties of dental hard tissues are discussed in this current thesis, namely laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy for detection of tooth caries and demineralization. The work described in this thesis is mainly of applied nature, focusing on the analysis of data from in vitro tooth samples and extending these results to diagnose dental caries in a clinical environment. The work mainly aims to improve and contribute to the contemporary research on fluorescence and diffuse reflectance for discriminating different stages of carious lesions. Towards this, a portable and compact laser-induced fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopic system (LIFRS) was developed for point monitoring of fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectra from tooth samples. The LIFRS system uses either a 337 nm nitrogen laser or a 404 nm diode laser for the excitation of tooth autofluorescence and a white light source (tungsten halogen lamp) for measuring diffuse reflectance.Extensive in vitro studies were carried out on extracted tooth samples to test the applicability of LIFRS system for detecting dental caries, before being tested in a clinical environment. Both LIF and DR studies were performed for diagnosis of dental caries, but special emphasis was given for early detection and also to discriminate between different stages of carious lesions. Further the potential of LIFRS system in detecting demineralization and remineralization were also assessed.In the clinical trial on 105 patients, fluorescence reference standard (FRS) criteria was developed based on LIF spectral ratios (F500/F635 and F500/F680) to discriminate different stages of caries and for early detection of dental caries. The FRS ratio scatter plots developed showed better sensitivity and specificity as compared to clinical and radiographic examination, and the results were validated with the blindtests. Moreover, the LIF spectra were analyzed by curve-fitting using Gaussian spectral functions and the derived curve-fitted parameters such as peak position, Gaussian curve area, amplitude and width were found to be useful for distinguishing different stages of caries. In DR studies, a novel method was established based on DR ratios (R500/R700, R600/R700 and R650/R700) to detect dental caries with improved accuracy. Further the diagnostic accuracy of LIFRS system was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve. On the basis of these results, the LIFRS system was found useful as a valuable adjunct to the clinicians for detecting carious lesions.

A Novel Slotless Halbach-Array Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor for Spacecraft Applications

This paper presents the design and analysis of a novel machine family—the enclosed-rotor Halbach-array permanentmagnet brushless dcmotors for spacecraft applications. The initial design, selection of major parameters, and air-gap magnetic flux density are estimated using the analytical model of the machine. The proportion of the Halbach array in the machine is optimized using finite element analysis to obtain a near-trapezoidal flux pattern. The machine is found to provide uniform air-gap flux density along the radius, thus avoiding circulating currents in stator conductors and thereby reducing torque ripple. Furthermore, the design is validated with experimental results on a fabricated machine and is found to suit the design requirements of critical spacecraft applications

Optimal Design of a Surface Mounted Permanent-Magnet BLDC Motor for Spacecraft Applications

This paper presents the optimal design of a surface mounted permanent-magnet (PM) Brushless direct-current (BLDC) motor meant for spacecraft applications. The spacecraft applications requires the choice of a motor with high torque density, minimum cogging torque, better positional stability and high torque to inertia ratio. Performance of two types of machine configurations viz Slotted PMBLDC and Slotless PMBLDC with Halbach array are compared with the help of analytical and finite element (FE) methods. It is found that unlike a Slotted PMBLDC motor, the Slotless type with Halbach array develops zero cogging torque without reduction in the developed torque. Moreover, the machine being coreless provides high torque to inertia ratio and zero magnetic stiction

Del yo al euro : una propuesta didáctica de cooperación transnacional : educación permanente de adultos. 'From the I to the euro : a didactic proposal for transnational cooperation : permanent adult education'.

La obra se presenta en edición bilingue español/inglés .- Incluye una sección de apéndices en la que aparecen tablas y gráficos que recogen datos estadísticos sobre la experiencia didáctica, así como información general sobre la UE

A Systems Approach to the Torque Control of a Permanent Magnet Brushless Motor

Many approaches to force control have assumed the ability to command torques accurately. Concurrently, much research has been devoted to developing accurate torque actuation schemes. Often, torque sensors have been utilized to close a feedback loop around output torque. In this paper, the torque control of a brushless motor is investigated through: the design, construction, and utilization of a joint torque sensor for feedback control; and the development and implementation of techniques for phase current based feedforeward torque control. It is concluded that simply closing a torque loop is no longer necessarily the best alternative since reasonably accurate current based torque control is achievable.

Temporary and Permanent Buyout Prices in Online Auctions

Increasingly used in online auctions, buyout prices allow bidders to instantly purchase the item listed. We distinguish two types: a temporary buyout option disappears if a bid above the reserve price is made; a permanent one remains throughout the auction or until it is exercised. In a model featuring time-sensitive bidders with uniform valuations and Poisson arrivals but endogenous bidding times, we focus on finding temporary and permanent buyout prices maximizing the seller's discounted revenue, and examine the relative benefit of using each type of option in various environments. We characterize equilibrium bidder strategies in both cases and then solve the problem of maximizing seller's utility by simulation. Our numerical experiments suggest that buyout options may significantly increase a seller’s revenue. Additionally, while a temporary buyout option promotes early bidding, a permanent option gives an incentive to the bidders to bid late, thus leading to concentrated bids near the end of the auction.

Vint-i-cinc anys de docència, cinc lleis d'educació i una permanent sensació d'incertesa : una reflexió sobre l'educació amb la LOE com a teló de fons. 'Veinticinco años de docencia, cinco leyes de educación y una permanente sensación de incertidumbre : una reflexión sobre la educación con la LOE como telón de fondo'.

Describe la incertidumbre en que el trabajo de los docentes se ve inmerso, debido a los continuos cambios de gobierno, los cuales afectan al quehacer educativo a través de la creación de leyes. En medio del debate permanente los docentes se sienten huérfanos, solos, ante unas necesidades en las aulas que son difíciles de dar respuesta debido a la falta de formación, de habilidades y sobretodo de apoyo externo, de la sociedad y de la família.

Un model de formaci?? permanent de l'entrenador de futbol

Resumen tomado del autor

Percepci?? dels entrenadors espanyols de tennis d'alta competici?? sobre la seva formaci?? permanent : situaci?? actual i perspectives de futur

Resumen tomado del autor. Contiene tablas varias: de resultado, encuesta y gu??a de entrevista

Inspecció educativa i formació permanent del professorat. 'Inspección educativa y formación permanente del profesorado'.

Resumen tomado del autor

La formació a distància en el programa de formació permanent del professorat a les Illes Balears. 'La formación a distancia en el programa de formación permanente del profesorado en las Islas Baleares'.

Resumen tomado del autor

Programa de formació de formadors : cap a la professionalització dels assessors de formació permanent del professorat no universitari de les Illes Balears. 'Programa de formación de formadores : hacia la profesionalización de los asesores de formación permanente del profesorado no universitario de las Islas Baleares'.

Resumen tomado del autor