Vulnerabilidade ao stress : implicações no bem-estar e satisfação do professor

Enquadramento: O stress acompanha o indivíduo, tanto no trabalho como na vida social. Desencadeado por diversos fatores, o stress está, também,presente na vida do professor. Objetivos: Identificar os fatores que têm desencadeado situações de stress dos professores no Ensino Fundamental do município de Campo Grande-AL; Determinar os principais stressores no bem-estar e satisfação dos mesmos. Material e métodos: Optou-se pelo tipo de investigação quantitativo e não experimental, com corte transversal, descritivo e correlacional. A recolha de dados foi realizada através de protocolo constituído por questionário de caraterização sócio demográfica e escalas de: Satisfação Geral do Trabalho; Vulnerabilidade ao Stress; Afecto Positivo e Negativo; Apgar Familiar e Inventário de Qualidade de Vida. A amostra é não probabilística por conveniência constituída por 70 (setenta) professores do Ensino Fundamental. Resultados: Constatou-se que 50% dos participantes apresentaram vulnerabilidade ao stress, 28,5% boa relação com pessoas desconhecidas e 55% revelaram ter apoio dos amigos. Não foram identificados problemas familiares e 65% dos inquiridos referiram ter ajuda da família. Na satisfação do trabalho apenas 27% dos professores estão satisfeitos e 30% pensaram abandonar o trabalho. Conclusões:O desgaste em sala de aula envolve situações diárias dos professores, levando à necessidade de alertar os órgãos públicos, a fim de adotarem estratégias para o bem estar e satisfação dos professores, visando o sucesso desejado. Palavras-chave: Vulnerabilidade ao Stress; Professor; Bem-estar; Satisfação Profissional.

Qualidade de vida e vulnerabilidade ao stress dos cuidadores formais de uma unidade de cuidados continuados integrados do Alentejo

Viver um maior número de anos não significa necessariamente que se viva com qualidade. Devido às alterações demográficas verificadas nos últimos anos e face ao envelhecimento progressivo da população mundial e consequente aumento da esperança média de vida, ao acréscimo das doenças crónicas e à dependência a elas associada, surgem dificuldades que os doentes e os seus cuidadores enfrentam no seu quotidiano de internamento. Assim, surgiu a necessidade de equacionar a problemática da Qualidade de Vida e a Vulnerabilidade ao Stress dos Cuidadores Formais, que diariamente trabalham numa Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados do Alentejo. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido numa Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados com duas valências de internamento, a Média e a Longa Duração, com os Cuidadores Formais que nele aceitaram participar. Entre eles, encontram-se as mais diversas profissões, desde Auxiliares de Lar, Enfermeiros, Fisioterapeutas, Psicólogos, Animadores Socioculturais, Técnicos de Psicomotricidade, Terapeutas da Fala e Assistentes Sociais. Todos eles representam um papel muito importante no cuidado aos seus clientes, cada um na sua área. Ao delinear este estudo, o Problema prático identificado foi se existia uma relação entre a Qualidade de Vida e a Vulnerabilidade ao Stress dos Cuidadores Formais de uma Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados do Alentejo. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com uma população de 63 elementos, todos Cuidadores Formais a desempenhar funções no local de estudo já referenciado. Foi utilizada a abordagem quantitativa, que é uma metodologia de investigação de vertente epistemológica positivista. Neste estudo, foram utilizados dois instrumentos para aplicar e recolher os dados: um destinado a medir a vulnerabilidade ao stress (23 QVS) dos cuidadores formais; outro para avaliar a qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), gentilmente cedidos pelos seus autores. Os dados recolhidos, após analisados apontaram no sentido de que à medida que a qualidade de vida aumentava nos diferentes domínios, diminuía a vulnerabilidade ao stress.

Compression Loading Induced Cellular Stress Response of Intervertebral Disc Cells in Organ Culture

Introduction: Mechanical stress is often associated to interverterbal disc (IVD) degeneration and the effect of mechanical loading on IVD has been studied and reviewed.1,2 Previously, expression of heat shock proteins, HSP70 and HSP27 has been found in pathological discs.3 However, there is no direct evidence on whether IVD cells respond to the mechanical loading by expression of HSPs. The objective of this study is to investigate the stress response of IVD cells during compressive loading in an organ culture. Materials and Methods: Fresh adult bovine caudal discs were cultured with compressive loading applied at physiological range. Effect of loading type (static and dynamic) and repeated loading (2 hours per day for 2 days) were studied. Nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) of the IVD were retrieved at different time points: right after loading and right after resting. Positive control discs were heat shocked (43°C). Cell activity was assessed and expression of stress response genes (HSP70 and HSF1) and matrix remodeling genes (ACAN, COL2, COL1, ADAMTS4, MMP3 and MMP13) were studied. Results: Cell activity was maintained in all groups. Both NP and AF expressed high level of HSP70 in heat shock groups, confirming their expression in response to stress. In NP, expression of HSP70 was up-regulated after static loading and dynamic loading with higher fold change was observed after static loading. During repeated loading, HSP70 appeared to be upregulated right after loading and decreased after resting. Such trend was not observed in AF and HSF1 levels. Expressions of matrix remodeling genes did not change significantly with loading except ADAMTS4 decreased in AF during static loading. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that NP cells upregulate expression of HSP70 in response to loading induced stress without changing cell activity and matrix remodeling significantly. Acknowledgments: This project was funded by AO Spine (AOSPN) (grant number: SRN_2011_14) and a fellowship exchange award by AO Spine Scientific Research Network (SRN).

Protein Hydrolysis and Nitrogen Remobilisation in Plant Life and Senescence

In plant cells, as in all other cells, proteins are submitted to permanent turnover, and the intracellular content of a given protein depends on its rate of both synthesis and degradation. The life time of most proteins is shorter than that of the cell. Thus, in young leaves of Lemna minor, the average half-life of protein was estimated to be 7 days, and it was shorter under stress conditions (Davies 1982). Such observations mean that nitrogen and amino acid fluxes are both cylic and permanent. Although protein turnover may appear wasteful, in terms of energy, numerous studies have shown that proteolysis provides multiple functions in cell physiology, and is an essential regulatory mechanism of cell metabolism and development.

A combined analysis of two randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on self-reported emotional experience and physiological symptoms among Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Examining the Relationship Between Secondary Traumatic Stress and Sickness Absenteeism within 9-1-1 Emergency Call Centers

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Role of oxidative stress in age-associated chronic kidney pathologies

The kidneys exhibit age-associated deterioration in function via a loss of 20% to 25% kidney mass, particularly from the renal cortex and increased fibrosis. Oxidative stress has been found to mediate age-associated renal cell injury and cell death, particularly apoptosis. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the levels of free radicals generated during aerobic metabolism, inflammation, and infection and the safe breakdown of these species by endogenous and exogenous scavengers. Other factors may influence these pathologies. For example, growth hormone and caloric restriction have been shown to influence life span, although neither method of prolonging life is likely to find general acceptance in humans. Some genetic knockout models offer promise; for example, knockout of the p66 isoform of the Shc gene in mice increases life span by 30%, but appetite, size, and fertility are retained. Whether the increase in life span is via increased kidney health is not yet clear, but decreasing the age-related renal pathologies will no doubt aid in increasing life span and health in general. This review looks at the role and modulation of factors that influence life span, in particular modulation of oxidative stress, with particular relevance to age-related renal pathologies. (C) 2005 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.

Effect of seasonal variation and storage temperature on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and vase life of cut roses

Low temperature injury (LTI) of roses (Rosa hybrida L.) is difficult to assess by visual observation. Relative chlorophyll fluorescence (CF; F-v/F-m) is a non-invasive technique that provides an index of stress effects on photosystem 11 (PS 11) activity. This instrumental technique allows determination of the photosynthetic efficiency of plant tissues containing chloroplasts, such as rose leaves. In the present study, pre- and Post-Storage measurements of F-v/F-m were carried out to assess LTI in 'First Red' and 'Akito' roses harvested year round. Relationships between the pre-harvest environment conditions of temperature, relative humidity and photon flux density (PFD), F-v/F-m, and, vase life duration after storage are reported. After harvest, roses were stored at 1, 5 and 10 degrees C for 10 days. Non-stored roses were the control treatment. F-v/F-m ratios were reduced following storage, suggesting LTI of roses. However, reductions in F-v/F-m were not closely correlated with reduced vase life duration and were seasonally dependent. Only during winter experiments was F-v/F-m of roses stored at 1 degrees C significantly (P <= 0.001) lower compared to F-v/F-m of non-stored control roses and roses stored at 5 and 10 degrees C. Thus, the fall of F-v/F-m was due to an interaction of growing season and storage at 1 degrees C. Vase lives of roses grown during winter were significantly (P <= 0.001) shorter compared to roses grown during summer. Length of vase life was intermediate for roses grown during autumn and spring. Because of the lack of correlation between F-v/F-m and post-storage vase life it is concluded that the CF parameter F-v/F-m is nota practical index for assessing LTI in cold-stored roses. Higher PFD and temperature in summer were positively and significantly correlated with maintenance of post-storage FvIF ratios and longer vase life. It is suggested that shorter vase lives and lower post-storage F-v/F-m values after storage at 1 degrees C are consequences of reduced photosynthesis and smaller carbohydrate pools in winter-harvested roses. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Adaptations of strangler figs to life in the rainforest canopy

Figs are rainforest keystone species. Non-strangler figs establish on the forest floor; strangler figs establish epiphytically, followed by a dramatic transition from epiphyte to free-standing tree that kills its hosts. Free-standing figs display vigorous growth and resource demand suggesting that epiphytic strangler figs require special adaptations to deal with resource limitations imposed by the epiphytic environment. We studied epiphytic and free-standing strangler figs, and non-strangler figs in tropical rainforest and in cultivation, as well as strangler figs in controlled conditions. We investigated whether the transition from epiphyte to free-standing tree is characterised by morphological and physiological plasticity. Epiphyte substrate had higher levels of plant-available ammonium and phosphate, and similar levels of nitrate compared with rainforest soil, suggesting that N and P are initially not limiting resources. A relationship was found between taxonomic groups and plant N physiology; strangler figs, all members of subgenus Urostigma, had mostly low foliar nitrate assimilation rates whereas non-strangler figs, in subgenera Pharmacocycea, Sycidium, Sycomorus or Synoecia, had moderate to high rates. Nitrate is an energetically expensive N source, and low nitrate use may be an adaptation of strangler figs for conserving energy during epiphytic growth. Interestingly, significant amounts of nitrate were stored in fleshy taproot tubers of epiphytic stranglers. Supporting the concept of plasticity, leaves of epiphytic Ficus benjamina L. had lower N and C content per unit leaf area, lower stomatal density and 80% greater specific leaf area than leaves of conspecific free-standing trees. Similarly, glasshouse-grown stranglers strongly increased biomass allocation to roots under water limitation. Epiphytic and free-standing F. benjamina had similar average foliar delta C-13, but epiphytes had more extreme values; this indicates that both groups of plants use the C-3 pathway of CO2 fixation but that water availability is highly variable for epiphytes. We hypothesise that epiphytic figs use fleshy stem tubers to avoid water stress, and that nitrate acts as an osmotic compound in tubers. We conclude that strangler figs are a unique experimental system for studying the transition from rainforest epiphyte to tree, and the genetic and environmental triggers involved.

From partying to parenthood: young women's perceptions of cigarette smoking across life transitions

This study explored influences on adoption, maintenance and cessation of smoking among young women as they experienced life transitions: leaving home, gaining employment or attending college/university, marriage and parenthood. Standardized, open-ended telephone interviews were conducted with 80 women (including never smokers, continuing smokers, recent adopters and quitters) aged 24-29 years, recruited from participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. The social context of smoking (socializing with other smokers, drinking alcohol and going to pubs and clubs) was perceived to be a predominant influence on smoking from the time young women left home until they settled into a committed relationship or started their own family. Stress was identified as an important factor as they experienced lifestyle changes. An increased sensitivity to the negative aspects of smoking after turning 21 was reported, and around the mid-20s the women became concerned about the addictive nature of cigarettes. Motherhood was seen to carry increased responsibilities to protect children from passive smoking and there was a perceived importance of positive role modelling to protect children from becoming smokers themselves. This study highlights the need for public health campaigns to address the social role that smoking plays in young women's lives, and the perceived use of cigarettes for stress relief. Life changes such as settling down with a partner and the contemplation of motherhood provide opportunities for targeted interventions to promote quitting.

Validation of the Quality of Life Inventory for patients with anxiety and depression

Background: In 1992, Frisch et al (Psychol Assess. 1992;4:92- 10 1) developed the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) to measure the concept of quality of life (QOL) because it has long been thought to be related to both physical and emotional well-being. However, the psychometric properties of the QOLI in clinical populations are still in debate. The present study examined the factor structure of QOLI and reported its validity and reliability in a clinical sample. Method: Two hundred seventeen patients with anxiety and depressive disorders completed the QOLI and additional questionnaires measuring symptoms (Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Fear Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-Stress) and subjective well-being (Satisfaction With Life Scale) were also used. Results: Exploratory factor analysis via the principal components method, with oblique rotation, revealed a 2-factor structure that accounted for 42.73% of the total variance, and a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis suggested a moderate fit of the data to this model. The 2 factors appeared to describe self-oriented QOL and externally oriented QOL. The Cronbach alpha coefficients were 0.85 for the overall QOLI score, 0.81 for the first factor, and 0.75 for the second factor. Conclusion: Consistent evidence was also found to support the concurrent, discriminant, predictive, and criterion-related validity of the QOLI. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Does timing and sequencing of transitions to adulthood make a difference? Stress, smoking, and physical activity among young Australian women

The major changes of the transition to adulthood are argued to be stressful, and health-related behaviors such as smoking and physical activity may be adopted, consolidated, or abandoned at this time. On the other hand, research has suggested that the normative transitions of emerging adulthood, although involving considerable change, may be associated with low stress because they are perceived as both positive and normal at this life stage. This article examines relations between the timing and sequencing of life transitions and stress and health-related behaviors, focusing on the transition to young adulthood among Australian women. A total of 853 women aged 22 to 27 provided information about the timing and sequencing of 6 life transitions: moving out of home, stopping full-time education, starting full-time work, having the first live-in relationship, marriage, and motherhood-and stress, smoking, and physical activity. Most had moved out of home, stopped full-time education, and started full-time work, but only 14% had undertaken all 6 transitions. Overall, 70% of participants had made transitions in order Overall, the findings suggest that the relations between timing and sequencing of transitions, and indicators of health, are moderate for smoking, but small for stress and for physical activity. These effects remained after controlling for socioeconomic status of the participants' families of origin. Matching current social norms for the timing and sequencing of life changes may be of less importance for women's well-being than is commonly believed. Although the significant relations between early or out of order transitions and smoking are of concern, the smaller relations with stress and with sedentariness suggest that such transitions may have limited negative consequences, and support the view that individuals are active in choosing the life path that is appropriate for them and their circumstances.

STRESS E REAJUSTAMENTO SOCIAL EM AUXILIARES DE ENFERMAGEM

O presente estudo teve por objetivos, levantar o perfil sócio-demográfico e cultural, de auxiliares de enfermagem, avaliar o grau e presença de sintomas de stress, avaliar e descrever reajustamento social tecendo relação entre variáveis relacionadas ao labor e o stress. Participaram desse estudo 126 auxiliares de enfermagem que cursavam técnico em enfermagem. Utilizou-se os instrumentos: a) questionário Sócio-demográfico e cultural; b) Escala de Reajustamento Social de Holmes-Rahe e c) Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL). Os dados foram coletados em salas de aula, de três escolas técnicas da grande São Paulo e esses dados foram tratados estatisticamente pelos testes X² e r Person para as relações entre variáveis, com auxílio do programa SPSS versão 17. Os resultados indicaram uma predominância de pessoas do gênero feminino, casados, com idade mínima de 19 anos e máxima de 56 anos e com práticas religiosas católicas e evangélicas. Desses profissionais (79%) trabalhavam em um só emprego, com experiência na profissão de cinco anos e o setor com maior quantidade de profissionais foi o home care . A maioria dos profissionais exercia suas atividades no horário matutino, e estudava no horário noturno. O estudo indicou que 57,9% apresentaram grau de stress significativo. Dentro deste grau de stress significativo, 41,3% dos profissionais estavam na fase de resistência e 37,3% dos auxiliares com grau de stress significativo, apresentavam predominância de stress de natureza psicológica. Quanto ao reajustamento social, os auxiliares de enfermagem a maioria, que correspondia a 48,4% estava dentro da média, com chances razoáveis de adoecer, ou seja, apresentavam capacidade regular para adaptação aos eventos novos e desconhecidos que ocorrem durante a vida. Os resultados indicaram que os profissionais que apresentaram stress significativo obtiveram pontuação maior (média) na escala de reajustamento social, em comparação aos profissionais que não apresentaram stress, indicando que esses sujeitos tinham maior probabilidade de estarem adoecidos ou virem a adoecer.

MANIFESTAÇÕES PSICOSSOMÁTICAS EM UNIVERSITÁRIOS PORTUGUESES, A PARTIR DA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE SINTOMAS DE ANSIEDADE, DEPRESSÃO E STRESS

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos investigar a presença de manifestações psicossomáticas em estudantes universitários, a partir da identificação e da prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e stress entre outros transtornos; identificar sinais e sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e stress em universitários portugueses; e correlacionar os sinais e sintomas entre si. Utilizou-se o método quantitativo descritivo de corte transversal. Como meio de investigação, foram utilizados três instrumentos: O Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado de Spilberber IDATE, a Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress EADS-21 (DASS) e o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp ISSL. A amostra resultou em 147 universitários de primeiro ingresso na universidade com idade variando entre 18 e 26 anos da Universidade do Algarve Ualg (Portugal), em seus diversos cursos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados e correlacionados com o auxilio do software estatístico SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), versão 19.0 para Windows, utilizando a análise estatística descritiva de frequência e média, Teste T de Student e ANOVA. Os resultados apontaram uma amostra em sua maioria de mulheres, solteiras, que saíram da casa dos pais para estudar e que no momento da coleta dos dados não exerciam atividades de trabalho, apenas estudavam. Houve presença de indicadores de ansiedade, depressão e stress, sendo o nível de ansiedade encontrado moderado e vinculado à probabilidade de depressão associada. Em relação a manifestações psicossomáticas, foi identificada uma dificuldade em auto-avaliação da presença destas, porém entendeu-se que há associação de manifestações psicossomáticas em relação aos sintomas de stress, ansiedade e depressão, encontrados. Levantou-se a hipótese de associação desses sintomas com a situação atual de crise econômica que passa a sociedade portuguesa, principalmente no período de coleta desses dados. Assim, verificou-se um possível estado de vulnerabilidade nesta população com alguma dificuldade em se adaptar às novas exigências de vida, necessitando então de medidas preventivas que auxiliem a adaptação e reestruturação do estilo de vida desses estudantes.