1000 resultados para farinha de resíduo de frango
Resumo:
O resíduo da indústria processadora de goiabas vem sendo aplicado em algumas áreas, entretanto não é conhecido o seu efeito na fertilidade do solo. Foi realizado experimento em casa de vegetação, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação do resíduo da indústria processadora de goiabas na fertilidade do solo, tendo como planta-teste o milho. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com quatro repetições, combinando-se cinco doses do resíduo da indústria processadora de goiabas (0; 20; 40; 60 e 80 t ha-1) na presença e ausência de adubação mineral. A adição de resíduo da indústria processadora de goiabas propiciou aumento nos teores de P e K do solo. O resíduo da indústria processadora de goiabas é uma fonte de liberação lenta de N e P para as plantas.
Resumo:
Informações sobre a mineralização de subprodutos são importantes para o correto manejo desses materiais em áreas agrícolas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a mineralização do nitrogênio proveniente do resíduo da indústria processadora de goiabas, aplicado em Argissolo cultivado com goiabeiras. Amostras do solo mais o subproduto foram acondicionados em frascos de polietileno com capacidade de 0,25 dm³. Foram pesados 100 g de solo mais o resíduo referente a cada tratamento (doses do subproduto: 0; 9; 18 e 36 t ha-1), sendo tal procedimento realizado em triplicata. O período máximo de incubação foi de 11 semanas, analisando-se as amostras nos seguintes tempos: 0; 7; 14; 28; 42; 56; 70; 84; 98; 112 e 126 dias. A umidade foi corrigida para 70% da capacidade de retenção de água do solo, sendo monitorada diariamente através de pesagens dos potes. Nos tempos estabelecidos realizou-se a desmontagem de três frascos correspondentes a cada tratamento, determinando-se o nitrogênio inorgânico. Pode-se afirmar que a mineralização do N ou a liberação é lenta, ou seja, não há rápida disponibilização de nitrogênio. No período avaliado, 126 dias, a fração média de mineralização foi de 23% e, a meia vida média de 73 dias.
Resumo:
The construction industry is responsible for generating a lot of waste because of their activities. Consequently, it is noticeable the occurrence of environmental problems in terms of its disposal in inappropriate places. Faced with this problem, some studies have been conducted with the aim of developing technologies and alternatives for recycling construction and demolition waste (CDW), motivated by the scarcity of natural resources and reduction of environmental problems generated. The research aims to characterize the recycled aggregates derived from construction and demolition waste (CDW) produced in the Greater Natal-RN and analyze the performance of mortar coating produced with recycled aggregates. The study includes the chemical , physical and microstructural characterization of recycled aggregates , as well as conducting microscopic analysis and laboratory tests in the fresh state (consistency index , water retention , bulk density and content of entrained air ) and in the hardened state ( compressive strength , tensile strength in bending , water absorption by immersion and capillary , mass density and void ratio ) for mortars produced from different levels of substitution of aggregates ( 0, 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100 %). The results were satisfactory, providing mortars produced with recycled aggregates, smaller mass density and dynamic modulus values as well as an increase in the rates of absorption and porosity. The tensile strength in bending and compression for TP1 (1:2:8) trait were lower for mortars produced with recycled aggregates and the best result was 20% for replacement. For the TP2 (1:8) mapping, there was an increase in resistance to traction and compression and the best result was for 100% replacement of natural aggregates by recycled. The experiments led to the conclusion that the technical and economic point of view that the mortars produced with recycled aggregates can be used in construction, only if there is an effective control in production processes of recycled aggregate and at the dosage of mortars
Resumo:
This research aims to study the manioc flour productive chain in order to understand how the relationship between its segments happens, specially between the flour agroindustry and the distribuition. This research was made from a study of case that envolved three agro industries from the Potiguar wasteland and a company of food distribution. The filiére and the supply chain management analysis were applied to identify the functioning and the organization of the manioc flour productive chain. From the study of case it s noticed that the existing contracts, even the informal ones, has mutual benefits and it suggests that they be legalized
Resumo:
The experiment was conducted at UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP, with the objective of evaluating the influence of the rest period and height of the residue post-grazing on the dry matter mass, morphologic composition and on the chemical composition of the Tanzania-grass pre-grazing condition, under rotational grazing. The treatments consisted of the combination of two rest periods (25 and 35 days) and two residue height post-grazing (30 and 50 cm), as a complete randomized design in factorial arrangement 2 x 2, with three replications, with the grazing cycles considered as sub plots. The herbage mass of stem, leaves, dead material and the leaf: stem ratio were significantly influenced (P<0.05) by the grazing cycles. The percentage of CP in the leaf and stem and the NDF in the stem, leaf and whole plant were influenced positively (P<0.05) by the grazing cycles. It was observed that the short rest periods associated with the smallest residue height post-grazing presented the best results in terms of herbage mass and chemical characteristics of the herbage.
Resumo:
Foi avaliada a digestibilidade in vitro/gás da matéria seca (MS) de quatro volumosos, exclusivos e suas combinações, na proporção de 50% na MS. Foram incubados 100 mg de amostra por tratamento, em triplicatas, em 48 h de digestão. As digestibilidades da MS e a produção de gás foram: cana-de-açúcar = 60,6%, 17,3 mL; cana-de-açúcar + silagem de milho = 63,9%, 19,6 mL; cana-de-açúcar + capim-elefante com 60 dias = 60,5%, 16,9 mL; cana-de-açúcar + capim-elefante com 180 dias = 48,6%, 14,1 mL; silagem de milho = 66,3%; silagem de milho + capim-elefante com 60 dias = 62,1%, 16,7 mL; silagem de milho + capim-elefante com 180 dias = 52,7%, 15,8 mL; capim-elefante com 60 dias = 61,5%, 16,9 mL; capim-elefante com 180 dias = 34,6%, 11,7 mL. Constatou-se que a combinação de volumosos, em alguns casos, pode diminuir a digestibilidade da MS dos volumosos de melhor qualidade.
Resumo:
O objetivo nesta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial de crescimento, desempenho zootécnico e as características de rendimento da carcaça, das partes e dos órgãos e a qualidade da carne de três linhagens de frango de corte: Cobb (CB), Paraíso Pedrês (PP) e ISA Label (IL). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições de 29 aves por tratamento. Semanalmente, com os dados obtidos para peso corporal médio, foi descrito o crescimento das aves, utilizando-se a equação de Gompertz e, com sua derivada, foi obtida a taxa de crescimento das aves. Três aves de cada repetição foram selecionadas e abatidas para análises do rendimento da carcaça, das partes e dos órgãos. As características físico-químicas da carne foram avaliadas utilizando-se o peito de duas destas aves. As aves CB apresentaram maior potencial de crescimento e, entre as caipiras o maior potencial foi observado para PP. Quanto ao desempenho, observou-se que a linhagem CB apresentou maior ganho de peso e consumo de ração, seguida pelas aves PP e IL. Maiores rendimentos de carcaça, de peito, sobrecoxa, fígado, intestinos e proventrículo foram obtidos com as aves CB em relação às caipiras, que não diferiram entre si. As aves CB apresentaram carne de peito com maior pH e maior capacidade de retenção de água que as de linhagens caipiras, que apresentaram carne de peito menos macia e com maior intensidade da cor vermelha. Maior potencial de crescimento e maiores rendimentos de pés, coxa, coxa+sobrecoxa e de coração foram verificados nos machos, enquanto, nas fêmeas, maiores rendimentos de peito, porcentagem de gordura abdominal, fígado, moela e proventrículo. As aves CB em relação às caipiras possuíram maior potencial de crescimento e maior rendimento de partes nobres, mas as caipiras apresentaram atributos diferenciados que justificam sua criação.
Resumo:
O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade total e parcial da matéria seca (MS) e dos nutrientes e os parâmetros ruminais de novilhos alimentados com rações à base de resíduo do processamento do caroço de algodão (RPCA) suplementado com levedura seca de cana-de-açúcar. Foram utilizados seis novilhos Nelore canulados no rúmen e duodeno, alimentados com rações compostas de 80% RPCA e 20% concentrado, composto de milho, ureia e levedura nos níveis de 0, 20 ou 40%. O delineamento experimental adotado para análise do consumo e da digestibilidade foi em blocos casualisados e a análise dos parâmetros ruminais foi em parcela subdividida. Os consumos e a digestibilidade de nutrientes não foram influenciados pela suplementação com levedura, fato que pode estar relacionado ao alto valor da fração C do resíduo do processamento do RPCA (44,51% MS) e à baixa fração proteica de lenta degradação da levedura, que impediu a sincronização energia/nitrogênio para maior degradação do resíduo. O pH do líquido ruminal decresceu linearmente nos animais mantidos com as dietas suplementadas com levedura. em todas as dietas, o pH e a concentração de N-NH3 foram adequados para o crescimento microbiano. As concentrações ruminais de acetato, propionato, butirato e ácidos graxos voláteis totais e a relação acetato:propionato não foram influenciadas pela suplementação com levedura. O resíduo do processamento do caroço de algodão é uma opção a ser utilizada no arraçoamento de bovinos.
Resumo:
Um mil quatrocentos e quarenta pintos de um dia, machos, foram utilizados com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da farinha de carne e ossos (FCO) sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com os fatores: níveis de inclusão da FCO (3 e 6%), tipos de FCO (37,51 e 41,58% de proteína bruta), valores de energia metabolizável da FCO conforme equações de predição sugerida pelo NRC (1994) ou tabela de Rostagno et al. (1994), mais um tratamento controle sem a inclusão de FCO, com quatro repetições de 40 aves cada. O consumo de ração e ganho de peso (GP) foram influenciados pela inclusão de FCO, sendo verificado maior GP quando a FCO não foi utilizada. As demais características de desempenho não foram afetadas pelos fatores estudados. A gordura abdominal foi reduzida quando a FCO não foi utilizada. Concluiu-se que dietas de frangos de corte contendo até 6% de FCO proporcionam pior desempenho quando comparadas com aquelas a base de milho e farelo de soja.
Resumo:
A avicultura de corte constitui-se numa importante atividade econômica no estado do Paraná e, como qualquer outra, está sujeita a riscos. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, proceder à análise econômica da produção integrada de frango de corte, avaliando os riscos, considerando os sistemas climatizado, automático e manual. Utilizando-se as variáveis de risco: preço do produto, produtividade e custos de produção foi possível identificar as principais fontes de risco e sua influência na renda líquida. Os resultados apontaram que a rentabilidade da atividade é mais sensível aos componentes da receita do que de custos, sendo o preço a variável de maior sensibilidade. Verificou-se também que o aviário climatizado apresenta possibilidades de prejuízo mais alto para menores níveis de risco e, à medida que o risco aumenta, oferece retornos mais interessantes, em comparação aos sistemas automático e manual. O sistema manual foi o que passou a apresentar retorno a níveis de risco maior (acima de 25%).
Resumo:
The world market of Kaolin has been growing as new investments for better quality of materials have been applied. This market produces amounts of dross that are put in the environment in a wrong way, causing damages to it. Trying to reduce these damages, researches have been done in an attempt to use kaolin dross in ceramic. The disposal of kaolin dross in the environment by the industries of the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraiba have great impact in society. Usually this dross is disposed clandestinely in places like roads, river banks and lands of small cities. The present work shows the characteristics of the kaolin produced by the mining company in Junco do Seridó, Paraiba state, western Seridó, 300 km from Natal, in the border of both states. After that, researches were done to study its physical and the chemistry characteristics, trying to see if it can be used in white ceramic. The samples got were bolted in fabric of 325# . The technological characteristics tried to use it as a product in white ceramic. For that, it was made a haracterization of the subject matter through enlargement analyses, ATG and ATD, elaborating three formulations that were burned in four different temperatures, 1175, 1200, 1250 and 1300 degrees centigrade up to 30 minutes. After the burning, the subjects were submitted to water absorbing tests, linear retreating, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass, resistance to flexibility and MEV. For one of the mixtures it was obtained demanded properties for a semi porous material
Resumo:
Companies involved in kaolin mining and treatment represent an important area of industrial development in Brazil, significantly contribution to the worldwide production of such mineral. As a result, large volumes of kaolin residue are constantly generated and abandoned in the environment, negatively contributing to its preservation. In this scenario, the objective of the present study was to characterize the residue generated from kaolin mining as well as to assess its potential use as raw material for the production of ceramic tiles. Ceramic mixtures were prepared from raw materials characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis and thermal analysis. Three compositions were prepared using kaolin residue contents of 10%, 20% and 30%. Samples were uniaxially pressed, fired at 1200ºC and characterized aiming at establishing their mineralogical composition, water absorption, apparent porosity, specific mass, linear retraction and modulus of rupture. The results showed that the residue basically consisted of kaolinite and successfully replaced raw kaolin in the preparation of ceramic title formulations without significantly affecting the properties of the fired material
Resumo:
The red ceramics and structural ceramics, as they are known, include ceramic materials made by blocks of seals and structures, bricks, tiles, smail flagstones manacles, rustic floors and ornamental materials. Their fabrication uses raw material such as clay and clay sites, with some content of impurity. It has good durability and mechanical strength to compression, low cost, making it one of the mainly used materials in civil engineering. The incorporation of many industrial activities residue to ceramic products is a technological alternative for reducing the environmental impact caused by its carefree disposal. This incorporation can promote chemical change and inertness of metals from residue, by fixation in the glassy phase of ceramic during the burning stage. The main aim of this project is to study the technical feasibility of the addition of ceramic oven ash into formulations of mass for structural ceramics. In this project two kinds of clay (plastic and non-plastic) were used, as well as the ash from firewood used in the process of burning of structural ceramics. A group of experiments was outlined, which permitted the evaluation of the influence of the burning cycle in different temperatures of the ash content in formulations for ceramic blocks through technological properties, mechanical behavior and microstructure. Five samples were processed of each one of the masses of plastic and non-plastic clay without addition of ash and with addition of ash on the percentages of 10 % and 20 %, for temperatures of 850 °C, 950 °C, 1050 °C and 1150 °C, obtained through sinterization process. Among the studied compositions, the one which presented best performance was the mass of clay with 10 % of ash, at temperature of 1150 °C, with the smallest absorption of water, the smallest apparent porosity, specific apparent mass a bit over the others and greatest mechanical resistance to flexion. The composition made confirmed the technical feasibility of the use of ash in the mass for structural ceramics with maintenance of its necessary characteristics for its purposes
Resumo:
In the execution of civil engineering works, either by wasting during the coating of wall or demolition of gypsum walls, the generation of the gypsum waste involves serious environmental concerns. These concerns are increased by the high demand of this raw material in the sector and by the difficulties of proper disposal byproduct generated. In the search for alternatives to minimize this problem, many research works are being conducted, giving emphasis in using gypsum waste as fillers in composites materials in order to improve the acoustic, thermal and mechanical performances. Through empirical testing, it was observed that the crystallization water contained in the residue (CaSO4.2H2O) could act like primary agent in the expanding of the polyurethane foam. Considering that polyurethane produced from vegetable oils are biodegradable synthetic polymers and that are admittedly to represent an alternative to petrochemical synthetic polyurethane, this research consist an analysis of the thermal behavior of a composite whose matrix obtained from a resin derived from the expansive castor oil seed, with loads of 4%, 8%, 12% and 16% of gypsum waste replacing to the polyol prepolymer blend. Contributors to this analysis: a characterization of the raw material through analysis of spectroscopy by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), chemical analysis by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and mineralogical analysis by X Ray Diffraction (XRD), complemented by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). In order to evaluate the thermo physical properties and thermal behavior of the composites manufactured in die closed with expansion contained, were also carried tests to determine the percentage of open pore volume using a gas pycnometer, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), in addition to testing of flammability and the resistance to contact with hot surfaces. Through the analysis of the results, it appears that it is possible to produce a new material, which few changes in their thermo physical properties and thermal performance, promotes significant changes and attractive to the environment
Resumo:
Companies involved in emerald mining and treatment represent an important area of industrial development in Brazil, with significative contribution to the worldwide production of such mineral. As a result, large volumes of emerald waste are constantly generated and abandoned in the environment, negatively contributing to its preservation. By the other side the interest of the use of mining waste as additive in ceramic products has been growing from researchers in recent years. The ceramic industry is constantly seeking to the marked amplification for the sector and perfecting the quality of the products and to increase the variety of applications. The technology of obtaining of ceramic tiles that uses mining residues assists market niches little explored. In this scenario, the objective of the present study was to characterize the residue generated from emerald mining as well as to assess its potential use as raw material for the production of ceramic tiles. Ceramic mixtures were prepared from raw materials characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis and thermal analysis. Five compositions were prepared using emerald residue contents of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Samples were uniaxially pressed, fired at 1000, 1100 and 1200ºC and characterized aiming at establishing their mineralogical composition, water absorption, apparent porosity, specific mass, linear retraction and modulus of rupture. The results shows that the emerald residue, basically consisted of 73% of (SiO2 + Al2O3) and 17,77% of (MgO + Na2O+ K2O) (that facilitates sintering), can be added to the ceramic tile materials with no detrimental effect on the properties of the sintered products