Comparison of growth curve parameters of organs and body components in meat- (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and laying-type (Coturnix coturnix japonica) quail show interactions between gender and genotype

The objective of this study was to estimate growth parameters of carcass components (wing, thighs and drumsticks, back and breast) and organs (heart, liver, gizzard and gut) in males and females of one meat-type quail strain (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and two laying strains (Coturnix coturnix japonica) designated either yellow or red.A total of 1350 quail from 1 to 42d old were distributed in a completely randomised design, with 5 replicates of each strain. The carcass component weights and body organs were analysed weekly and evaluated using the Gompertz function; growth rates were evaluated through derivative equations.The meat-type strain presented the highest growth rates in carcass components and organs. Across strains, females showed the highest weight of internal organs at maturity compared to males.Females had greater growth potential in breast, wings and back than males for both yellow and red laying quail.

The Performance of Elliptic Curve Based Group Diffie-Hellman Protocols for Secure Group Communication over Ad Hoc Networks

The security of the two party Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol is currently based on the discrete logarithm problem (DLP). However, it can also be built upon the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). Most proposed secure group communication schemes employ the DLP-based Diffie-Hellman protocol. This paper proposes the ECDLP-based Diffie-Hellman protocols for secure group communication and evaluates their performance on wireless ad hoc networks. The proposed schemes are compared at the same security level with DLP-based group protocols under different channel conditions. Our experiments and analysis show that the Tree-based Group Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (TGECDH) protocol is the best in overall performance for secure group communication among the four schemes discussed in the paper. Low communication overhead, relatively low computation load and short packets are the main reasons for the good performance of the TGECDH protocol.

Active Learning to Maximize Area Under the ROC Curve

In active learning, a machine learning algorithmis given an unlabeled set of examples U, and is allowed to request labels for a relatively small subset of U to use for training. The goal is then to judiciously choose which examples in U to have labeled in order to optimize some performance criterion, e.g. classification accuracy. We study how active learning affects AUC. We examine two existing algorithms from the literature and present our own active learning algorithms designed to maximize the AUC of the hypothesis. One of our algorithms was consistently the top performer, and Closest Sampling from the literature often came in second behind it. When good posterior probability estimates were available, our heuristics were by far the best.

Comparative analysis of rating curve and ADP estimates of instantaneous water discharge through estuaries in two contrasting Brazilian rivers

This work quantifies, using ADP and rating curve techniques, the instantaneous outflows at estuarine interfaces: higher to middle estuary and middle to lower estuary, in two medium-sized watersheds (72 000 and 66 000 km(2) of area, respectively), the Jaguaribe and Contas Rivers located in the northeastern (semi-arid) and eastern (tropical humid) Brazilian coasts, respectively. Results from ADP showed that the net water balances show the Contas River as a net water exporter, whereas the Jaguaribe River Estuary is a net water importer. At the Jaguaribe Estuary, water retention during flood tide contributes to 58% of the total volume transferred during the ebb tide from the middle to lower estuary. However, 42% of the total water volume (452 m(3) s(-1)) that entered during flood tide is retained in the middle estuary. In the Contas River, 90% of the total water is retained during the flood tide contributing to the volume transported in the ebb tide from the middle to the lower estuary. Outflows obtained with the rating curve method for the Contas and Jaguaribe Rivers were uniform through time due to river flow normalization by dams in both basins. Estimated outflows with this method are about 65% (Contas) and 95% (Jaguaribe) lower compared to outflows obtained with ADP. This suggests that the outflows obtained with the rating curve method underestimate the net water balance in both systems, particularly in the Jaguaribe River under a semi-arid climate. This underestimation is somewhat decreased due to wetter conditions in the Contas River basin. Copyright. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Growth curve in Santa Ines sheep

The objective of this research was to use non-linear models to describe the growth pattern in Santa Ines sheep and to study the influence of environmental effects on curve parameters with the best-fit model. The models included the Brody, Richards, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Logistic models. We used 773 field reports on 162 animals ranging in age from 120 to 774 days, including 46 males and 116 females. The statistics used to evaluate the quality of fit included RMS (residual mean square), C% (percentage of convergence), R-2 (adjusted determination coefficient) and MAD (mean absolute deviation). Of the fixed effects studied, the only significant relationship was the effect of sex on parameter A. The Richards model was problematic during the process of convergence. Considering all studied criteria, the Logistic model presented the best fit in describing the growth pattern in Santa Ines sheep. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fracture and resistance-curve behavior in hybrid natural fiber and polypropylene fiber reinforced composites

This article presents the results of a combined experimental and theoretical study of fracture and resistance-curve behavior of hybrid natural fiber- and synthetic polymer fiber-reinforced composites that are being developed for potential applications in affordable housing. Fracture and resistance-curve behavior are studied using single-edge notched bend specimens. The sisal fibers used were examined using atomic force microscopy for fiber bundle structures. The underlying crack/microstructure interactions and fracture mechanisms are elucidated via in situ optical microscopy and ex-situ environmental scanning microscopy techniques. The observed crack bridging mechanisms are modeled using small and large scale bridging concepts. The implications of the results are then discussed for the design of eco-friendly building materials that are reinforced with natural and polypropylene fibers.

ABSENCE OF STABILIZATION POINT OF THE SPECIES ACCUMULATION CURVE IN TROPICAL FORESTS

The definition of the sample size is a major problem in studies of phytosociology. The species accumulation curve is used to define the sampling sufficiency, but this method presents some limitations such as the absence of a stabilization point that can be objectively determined and the arbitrariness of the order of sampling units in the curve. A solution to this problem is the use of randomization procedures, e. g. permutation, for obtaining a mean species accumulation curve and empiric confidence intervals. However, the randomization process emphasizes the asymptotical character of the curve. Moreover, the inexistence of an inflection point in the curve makes it impossible to define objectively the point of optimum sample size.

Probabilistic Envelope Curves for Extreme Rainfall Events - Curve Inviluppo Probabilistiche per Precipitazioni Estreme

A regional envelope curve (REC) of flood flows summarises the current bound on our experience of extreme floods in a region. RECs are available for most regions of the world. Recent scientific papers introduced a probabilistic interpretation of these curves and formulated an empirical estimator of the recurrence interval T associated with a REC, which, in principle, enables us to use RECs for design purposes in ungauged basins. The main aim of this work is twofold. First, it extends the REC concept to extreme rainstorm events by introducing the Depth-Duration Envelope Curves (DDEC), which are defined as the regional upper bound on all the record rainfall depths at present for various rainfall duration. Second, it adapts the probabilistic interpretation proposed for RECs to DDECs and it assesses the suitability of these curves for estimating the T-year rainfall event associated with a given duration and large T values. Probabilistic DDECs are complementary to regional frequency analysis of rainstorms and their utilization in combination with a suitable rainfall-runoff model can provide useful indications on the magnitude of extreme floods for gauged and ungauged basins. The study focuses on two different national datasets, the peak over threshold (POT) series of rainfall depths with duration 30 min., 1, 3, 9 and 24 hrs. obtained for 700 Austrian raingauges and the Annual Maximum Series (AMS) of rainfall depths with duration spanning from 5 min. to 24 hrs. collected at 220 raingauges located in northern-central Italy. The estimation of the recurrence interval of DDEC requires the quantification of the equivalent number of independent data which, in turn, is a function of the cross-correlation among sequences. While the quantification and modelling of intersite dependence is a straightforward task for AMS series, it may be cumbersome for POT series. This paper proposes a possible approach to address this problem.

Simulatore di interfaccia uomo-macchina per i controllo di UAV

Recent statistics have demonstrated that two of the most important causes of failures of the UAVs (Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle) missions are related to the low level of decisional autonomy of vehicles and to the man machine interface. Therefore, a relevant issue is to design a display/controls architecture which allows the efficient interaction between the operator and the remote vehicle and to develop a level of automation which allows the vehicle the decision about change in mission. The research presented in this paper focuses on a modular man-machine interface simulator for the UAV control, which simulates UAV missions, developed to experiment solution to this problem. The main components of the simulator are an advanced interface and a block defined automation, which comprehend an algorithm that implements the level of automation of the system. The simulator has been designed and developed following a user-centred design approach in order to take into account the operator’s needs in the communication with the vehicle. The level of automation has been developed following the supervisory control theory which says that the human became a supervisor who sends high level commands, such as part of mission, target, constraints, in then-rule, while the vehicle receives, comprehends and translates such commands into detailed action such as routes or action on the control system. In order to allow the vehicle to calculate and recalculate the safe and efficient route, in term of distance, time and fuel a 3D planning algorithm has been developed. It is based on considering UASs representative of real world systems as objects moving in a virtual environment (terrain, obstacles, and no fly zones) which replicates the airspace. Original obstacle avoidance strategies have been conceived in order to generate mission planes which are consistent with flight rules and with the vehicle performance constraints. The interface is based on a touch screen, used to send high level commands to the vehicle, and a 3D Virtual Display which provides a stereoscopic and augmented visualization of the complex scenario in which the vehicle operates. Furthermore, it is provided with an audio feedback message generator. Simulation tests have been conducted with pilot trainers to evaluate the reliability of the algorithm and the effectiveness and efficiency of the interface in supporting the operator in the supervision of an UAV mission. Results have revealed that the planning algorithm calculate very efficient routes in few seconds, an adequate level of workload is required to command the vehicle and that the 3D based interface provides the operator with a good sense of presence and enhances his awareness of the mission scenario and of the vehicle under his control.

Valutazione di impatto ambientale mediante analisi LCA per la progettazione sostenibile di un concentratore solare

L'oggetto della seguente tesi riguarda la valutazione di impatto ambientale del ciclo di vita di un concentratore solare, mediante l'applicazione della metodologia LCA – Life Cycle Assessment. Il lavoro di tesi presenta una breve introduzione su tematiche ambientali e sociali, quali lo Sviluppo sostenibile e le energie rinnovabili, che conducono verso l'importanza della misurazione del così detto impatto ambientale, e soprattutto dell'aspetto fondamentale di una valutazione di questo tipo, vale a dire l'analisi dell'intero ciclo di vita legato ad un prodotto. Nella tesi viene presentata inizialmente la metodologia utilizzata per la valutazione, la Life Cycle Assessment, descrivendone le caratteristiche, le potenzialità, la normalizzazione in base a regolamenti internazionali ed analizzando una ad una le 4 fasi principali che la caratterizzano: Definizione dell'obiettivo e del campo di applicazione, Analisi di inventario, Valutazione degli impatti e Interpretazione dei risultati. Il secondo capitolo presenta una descrizione dettagliata dello strumento applicativo utilizzato per l'analisi, il SimaPro nella versione 7.1, descrivendone le caratteristiche principali, l'interfaccia utente, le modalità di inserimento dei dati, le varie rappresentazioni possibili dei risultati ottenuti. Sono descritti inoltre i principali database di cui è fornito il software, che contengono una moltitudine di dati necessari per l'analisi di inventario, ed i così detti metodi utilizzati per la valutazione, che vengono adoperati per “focalizzare” la valutazione su determinate categorie di impatto ambientale. Il terzo capitolo fornisce una descrizione dell'impianto oggetto della valutazione, il CHEAPSE, un concentratore solare ad inseguimento per la produzione di energia elettrica e termica. La descrizione viene focalizzata sui componenti valutati per questa analisi, che sono la Base e la struttura di sostegno, il Pannello parabolico in materiale plastico per convogliare i raggi solari ed il Fuoco composto da celle fotovoltaiche. Dopo aver analizzato i materiali ed i processi di lavorazione necessari, vengono descritte le caratteristiche tecniche, le possibili applicazioni ed i vantaggi del sistema. Il quarto ed ultimo capitolo riguarda la descrizione dell'analisi LCA applicata al concentratore solare. In base alle varie fasi dell'analisi, vengono descritti i vari passaggi effettuati, dalla valutazione e studio del progetto al reperimento ed inserimento dei dati, passando per la costruzione del modello rappresentativo all'interno del software. Vengono presentati i risultati ottenuti, sia quelli relativi alla valutazione di impatto ambientale dell'assemblaggio del concentratore e del suo intero ciclo di vita, considerando anche lo scenario di fine vita, sia i risultati relativi ad analisi comparative per valutare, dal punto di vista ambientale, modifiche progettuali e processuali. Per esempio, sono state comparate due modalità di assemblaggio, tramite saldatura e tramite bulloni, con una preferenza dal punto di vista ambientale per la seconda ipotesi, ed è stato confrontato l'impatto relativo all'utilizzo di celle in silicio policristallino e celle in silicio monocristallino, la cui conclusione è stata che l'impatto delle celle in silicio policristallino risulta essere minore. Queste analisi comparative sono state possibili grazie alle caratteristiche di adattabilità del modello realizzato in SimaPro, ottenute sfruttando le potenzialità del software, come l'utilizzo di dati “parametrizzati”, che ha permesso la creazione di un modello intuitivo e flessibile che può essere facilmente adoperato, per ottenere valutazioni su scenari differenti, anche da analisti “alle prime armi”.

La sensitività delle curve a fatica oligociclica rispetto alle colate di derivazione per i provini: applicazione alla caratterizzazione di un materiale per cappe di turboalternatore

In questo studio vengono riportati i risultati di prove di fatica oligociclica eseguiti su provini dello stesso materiale ottenuti con uguali processi tecnologici ma provenienti da differenti colate di metallo. Il materiale in questione è un acciaio di elevata qualità frequentemente utilizzato per la realizzazione di cappe per turboalternatori. Obiettivo dello studio è stato ricavare i coefficienti necessari per tracciare le curve di fatica del materiale, non ancora presenti in letteratura, ed infine indagare la bontà del risultato ottenuto con un’analisi statistica delle curve e dei risultati ottenuti. Nella prima parte è descritto l’attuale stato dell’arte e la situazione in cui si colloca il presente studio. Nella seconda parte viene fornita una descrizione dettagliata del materiale studiato, delle condizioni nelle quali sono state eseguite le prove e delle attrezzature utilizzate a tale scopo. Si conclude esponendo i risultati ottenuti, comprensivi dei confronti e delle considerazioni derivate dalle analisi statistiche eseguite.

Il gruppo dei punti razionali sulle curve ellittiche

Il primo capitolo espone nozioni generali sulle varietà e sulle curve algebriche, sulle mappe fra di esse e su alcune proprietà geometriche importanti per caratterizzare le curve ellittiche. Il secondo capitolo propone un'introduzione allo studio geometrico e algebrico di tali curve. Il terzo e il quarto capitolo affrontano lo studio dei punti a coordinate razionali, per curve definite prima su campi locali e poi su campi globali: l'insieme di tali punti è un gruppo. Il risultato fondamentale, contenuto nel teorema di Mordell-Weil, è che tale gruppo è finitamente generato. Tutto il quarto capitolo propone i risultati necessari per la dimostrazione di tale affermazione.