Influence of potassium nutrition and the nitrate ammonium ratio on the putrescine and spermidine contents in banana vitroplants

Potassium (K) is required in high doses by the banana (Musa sp.) plant and interacts with other nutrient elements in which banana tissues are maintained under in vitro condition as a consequence modifications in the plant metabolism take place mainly in nitrogen (N) compounds, such as proteins, amino acids, and secondary compounds. When K is present in concentrations lower than that required, diamines such as putrescine and poliamines are formed. This metabolic disorder can also be correlated with the presence of different inorganic N forms, such as nitrate (NO3) and ammonium (NH4), and the ratios between both ions as well. In order to follow the physiological performance of the interrelationships, K/putrescine and of the NO3/NH4 ratio in the tissue of banana vitroplantlets, shoot apex of two banana cvs. Nanica and Prata Ana were maintained in modified MS medium in the presence of six different doses of K: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mM. After the period of tissue proliferation the cultures were transferred to rooting media containing the same different K doses. Dry matter, K, putrescine, and spermidine contents and their accumulation were determined in the shoots and roots of the vitroplantlets and in the shoot apex of the explant donor cultivar as well as the corresponding values for the whole vitroplantlets calculated. The data were statistically analyzed. The contents and accumulations of putrescine and spermidine in banana tissues were enhanced as K concentration decreased in the medium: four times (0.19% of the dry matter) for cv. Nanica and eight times (0.25% of the dry matter) for cv. Prata Ana. This behavior was not only related to the K depletion but to the NO3/NH4 ratio as well.

Physiological parameters in sugarcane cultivars submitted to water deficit

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Kinetic parameters of silicon uptake by rice cultivars

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Tolerance to water deficiency between two soybean cultivars: transgenic versus conventional

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

WHEAT CULTIVARS: RESPONSE TO IRRIGATION and SOWING DATES

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Yield performance and leaf nutrient levels of coffee cultivars under different plant densities

Cultivares de cafeeiro (Coffea Arabica L.) adaptadas às regiões de cultivo, com população de plantas otimizada e adequado estado nutricional são premissas para a obtenção de produções elevadas de café. Estudou-se a produção trienal de café e o teor foliar de macronutrientes de cultivares de cafeeiro em função das densidades de plantio. Foram utilizados os cultivares Catuaí Amarelo (IAC 47), Obatã (IAC 1669-20), Acaiá (IAC 474-19) e Icatu Amarelo (IAC 2944) nas populações de 2.500 plantas ha-1 com duas plantas por cova; e, 5.000, 7.519 e 10.000 plantas ha-1 com uma planta por cova. As plantas foram adubadas de modo homogêneo, porém, sem calagem. À medida que a população de cafeeiros aumentou, a produtividade trienal de café aumentou, a produção de frutos por planta diminuiu e os teores foliares de fósforo (P), potássio (K) e enxofre (S) aumentaram. Nos cafeeiros sob adensamento encontrou-se igual ou maior teor de macronutrientes do que naqueles sob espaçamento convencional, sendo que os maiores teores foram observados nas cultivares de porte alto, e os menores, na cultivar Obatã, de porte baixo. Nos cafeeiros das covas com uma planta observou-se maior produção de café e menores concentrações de P, Ca e S do que naqueles das covas com duas plantas. No geral, os cultivares e as populações de cafeeiros estavam com teores de N e S acima dos limites de referência citados na literatura, mas com teores dos demais macronutrientes dentro da faixa adequada.

Controle do amadurecimento de banana 'Prata-Anã' armazenada sob refrigeração e atmosfera modificada passiva com o uso do 1-metilciclopropeno

O 1- Metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) é um produto inovador que inibe a ação do etileno em vegetais, retardando o início do amadurecimento de pomáceas, frutas de caroço e frutas tropicais. Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de diferentes concentrações do 1-MCP no controle do amadurecimento de bananas 'Prata-Anã' produzidas no Norte de Minas Gerais, armazenadas a 12°C e 95% de UR sob atmosfera modificada passiva. Os cachos foram colhidos no grau 1 de coloração da casca, que corresponde ao estádio verde de maturação. Foram utilizadas somente as segundas pencas dos cachos selecionados e estas foram separadas em buquês de 4 frutos. Cada parcela constou de 4 repetições e cada repetição 1 buquê. As concentrações do 1-MCP aplicadas foram: 0, 30, 60 e 90 ppb. Os frutos foram acondicionados em bandejas de isopor e embalados em filme de PVC de 15 micras, armazenados a 12°C e 95% de UR, sendo avaliados aos 10, 15, 20, e 25 dias. As avaliações realizadas constaram de diâmetro, grau de coloração da casca, firmeza, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e pH. A aplicação do 1-MCP foi eficaz em retardar o amadurecimento de bananas 'Prata-Anã' cultivadas na região Norte de Minas Gerais. As concentrações de 30, 60 e 90 ppb não apresentaram efeito diferenciado quanto às características avaliadas, podendo ser utilizada a concentração de 30 ppb, com economia do produto, obtendo-se os mesmos benefícios das concentrações de 60 e 90 ppb.

Armazenamento refrigerado de banana 'Prata Anã' proveniente de cachos com 16, 18 e 20 semanas

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de verificar a influência da temperatura de refrigeração e idade do cacho sobre a conservação e qualidade pós-colheita da banana 'Prata Anã', produzida no Norte de Minas Gerais, visando a exportação. Utilizaram-se frutos de bananeira 'Prata Anã' provenientes do município de Nova Porteirinha, MG. A colheita foi realizada na 16ª, 18ª e 20ª semanas após a emissão floral. Dos cachos colhidos, utilizou-se às segundas pencas, separadas em buquês com 5 frutos, lavados e pesados (18 kg). em seguida, os frutos foram revestidos com embalagens de polietileno de baixa densidade, com 50m de espessura, sob vácuo parcial, acondicionados em caixas de papelão e distribuídos em paletes. Depois de embalados e paletizados, os frutos foram transportados para a EPAMIG/CTNM, onde foram armazenados em câmaras de refrigeração (10 e 12ºC) e umidade relativa de 95%, por um período de 35 dias, sendo analisados antes e após a refrigeração. O armazenamento de bananas 'Prata Anã', provenientes de cachos com 16, 18 e 20 semanas, por 35 dias a temperaturas de 10 e 12ºC, não promoveu chilling nos frutos. A temperatura de 10ºC foi mais eficaz em prevenir a evolução da coloração da casca de bananas provenientes de cachos com 18 semanas, que à temperatura de 12ºC, enquanto as temperaturas de 10 e 12ºC foram igualmente eficientes na contenção da mudança de cor de bananas provenientes de cachos com 16 semanas. Frutos provenientes de cachos com 20 semanas amadureceram desuniformemente, ao longo do armazenamento refrigerado.

Interactions in the Agrobacterium-soybean system and capability of some Brazilian soybean cultivars to produce somatic embryos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dry matter production of shoots and root density of two cultivars of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet

This experiment was conducted in green house conditions to evaluate the DM accumulation in the shoots and in the roots of two cultivars of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet. A 2x3 factorial (two cultivars and three evaluation dates) was conducted according to a randomized complete block design with four replications, being the cultivars Highworth and Rongai evaluated at 42, 56, and 70 days after seedling emergence (DASE). The results indicated that the cvs. Highworth and Rongai have the same pattern of DM accumulation in the shoots. In the upper layer of the soil (0-0.20 in) it was found 38.83% and 43.64% of the DM accumulated in the roots down to 2.00 in depth, in the cvs. Highworth and Rongai, respectively. In the deepest layer (1.80-2.00 in) it was found 3.02% and 1.5% of the DM accumulated in the roots of the cvs. Highworth and Rongai, respectively. The root density showed a striking decrease upper layer from the soil (0-0.2 m) down to the depth of 0.60 0.80 in (from 10.83 to 1.75 cm.cm(-3) in the cv. Highworth and from 10.76 to 1.28 cm.cm(-3) in the cv. Rongai). At the bottom layer (1.80-2.00 in) the root density values were 0.98 cm.cm(-3) and 0.59 cm.cm(-3), respectively for the cvs. Highworth and Rongai. The root/shoot ratios were similar in both cvs. and decreased from 42 to 70 DASE showing that the cvs. evaluated had the same dynamics of DM accumulation.

Fugitive species in a harlequin environment: Ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) and banana baits in the Amazon

A total of 9 ant species were sampled from four sites covering 2000 km in the Amazon Basin using banana fruit baits: two sites on the Jurua River, one site on the Xingu River and in a dry forest of eastern Amazon, Paragominas. Camponotus abdominalis was present in all sites, and Camponotus sericeiventris, Camponotus sp. and Crematogaster sp. were present in two sites. All other species were present in only one site. Paragominas had the highest species richness because of a higher number of site restricted species. However, Jaccard faunas similarities among sites were not significantly related with distance between sites. Mosaic diversity showed a relatively simple taxonomic composition. The strong differences of the fauna sampled at banana fruit baits from other reported Neotropical ant faunas suggests that the fauna represents widespread fugitive species in an apparently complex environment.

Structural organization in leaf blade and sheath of elephant-grass cultivars (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. - POACEAE).

Elephant-grass is known as a great feed to dairy and beef cattle at tropical regions. Its agricultural aspects have been very observed. However, its botanical, mainly anatomical characteristics, are few studied. The objective of this work was to investigate the anatomical changes occurred in leaves (leaf blades and sheaths) of three elephant-grass cultivars (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cultivar Roxo, EMPASC 307 Testo and EMPASC 309 Areia) at three stages of physiological maturity (4, 8 and 16 weeks after sprouting). In general, the three cultivars presented similar anatomy. A unique feature, the presence of aerenchyma was found in the leaf sheath of all three cultivars, at the second harvest (a weeks).

Partial purification, heat stability and kinetic characterization of the pectinmethylesterase from Brazilian guava, Paluma cultivars

Pectinmethylesterase (PME) was extracted from guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.), cultivar Paluma, by 70% ammonium sulphate saturation and partially purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G100. Gel filtration showed PME isoenzymes with different values of molecular mass. Two samples were examined: concPME (70% saturation by ammonium sulphate) and Iso4 PME (one of the isoforms from gel filtration with the greatest specific activity). Optimum pH of the enzyme (for both samples) was 8.5 and optimum temperature ranged from 75 and 85 degrees C. The optimum sodium chloride concentration was 0.15 M. The K-M and V-max ranged from 0.32 to 0.23 mg m1(-1) and 244 to 53.2 mu mol/min, respectively, for concPME and Iso4PME. The activation energies (E-a) were 64.5 and 103 kJ/mol, respectively, for concPME and Iso4PME. Guava PME, cv Paluma, is a very thermostable enzyme, showing great heat stability at all temperatures studied. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stem anatomy of Pennisetum purpureum schum. (Poaceae) cultivars

Elephant-grass is known like a great feed to dairy and beef cattle al tropical regions. Its agricultural aspects have been very observed. However, its botanical, mainly anatomical characteristics are few studied. The objective of this work was to investigate the anatomical changes occurred in stems of three elephant-grass cultivars (ROXO, EMPASC 307 TESTO and EMPASC 309 AREIA) at three stages of plant development (4, 8 and 16 weeks after sprouting). The anatomical features were similar among cultivars. When stems were young (4 weeks), a disorganization of vascular bundles were detected. However, at 8 weeks stage the were organized as a definitive form. Was observed a magnified of lignification as the stems age, mainly caused by the increased of bundles sheaths that surrounds all vascular bundles.