Estudio de mercado y viabilidad técnica opérativa para la producción de cáliz de flor de jamaica en el cantón Santa Teresa, municipio de San Sebastián, departamento de San Vicente y su distribución en los principales centros de comercio en la zona metropolítana de San Salvador.

La búsqueda de la mejora de las condiciones de vida de la población salvadoreña da pie a la creación de proyectos que permitan que las personas se conviertan creadoras de fuentes propias de ingresos dada a la falta de empleo que existe en el país, de esta manera surge por parte de fundación Intervida el proyecto de producción de Flor de Jamaica en el cantón Santa Teresa. por lo antes mencionado se realizó el trabajo de graduación titulado “ESTUDIO DE MERCADO Y VIABILIDAD TÉCNICA OPERATIVA PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DEL CÁLIZ DE FLOR DE JAMAICA EN EL CANTÓN SANTA TERESA, MUNICIPIO DE SAN SEBASTIÁN, DEPARTAMENTO DE SAN VICENTE Y SU DISTRIBUCIÓN EN LOS PRINCIPALES CENTROS DE COMERCIO EN LA ZONA METROPOLITANA DE SAN SALVADOR” Con el objetivo de determinar la existencia real de un mercado, las características de los consumidores potenciales, la capacidad productiva así como también de la propuesta de estrategias de Producción y Comercialización que contribuyan a la incursión de los productores en el mercado. Tomando como base la investigación de campo realizada, se elaboró un diagnósticos de la situación actual, en la que se determinó la existencias de consumidores reales y potenciales de los cálices, la capacidad productiva de los terrenos, la viabilidad de producirlo en el la zona y los problemas a los que enfrentan los productores, permitiendo obtener las conclusiones y recomendaciones siguientes: CONCLUCIONES El Cáliz Deshidratado de Flor de Jamaica es un producto que tiene aceptación en el mercado, puesto que posee propiedades medicinales que las personas reconocen La competencia del mercado informal del Cáliz de Flor de Jamaica es fuerte, por su accesibilidad de precios al momento de adquirir el producto. Los consumidores que están dispuestos a comprar el Cáliz deshidratado de Flor de Jamaica muestran tener preferencia hacia la calidad y el precio al momento de adquirir el producto. En el país existen pocos productores de Cáliz Deshidratado de Flor de Jamaica por lo que la producción es mínima. RECOMENDACIONES Aprovechar la gran aceptación del producto, buscando que el consumidor prefiera la producción nacional y explotando las propiedades medicinales de los cálices. Diseñar estrategias de mercado para introducir el producto y poder competir con la gran oferta de este por parte del mercado internacional (Guatemala y México) Ofrecer al mercado de los consumidores un producto de calidad y precio accesible Ofrecer al mercado de los consumidores un producto de calidad y precio accesible Debido a que existen pocos productores, se debe estimular a las personas a introducirse en la producción de este aprovechando la aceptación que el producto tiene. Con la consideración de los elementos expuestos con anterioridad se elaboraron las estrategias de Producción y Comercialización que permitirán la puesta en marcha del proyecto, detallando a su vez las acciones a seguir en cada una de ellas, siendo las más importantes las siguientes PRODUCCIÓN Siembra Adecuada de la Semilla Cuidado Continúo del Cultivo Maximización de la Calidad COMERCIALIZACIÓN Estrategia Genérica de Comercialización Determinación de la Mezcla Estratégica de Comercialización Finalmente se establecieron las proyecciones de rentabilidad que ofrece el proyecto en las condiciones actuales.

Transición del mini baloncesto al baloncesto en la selección de la escuela Fiscomisional “Sor Teresa Valsé” en la categoría intermedia comprendida en las edades 12 a 14 años

El presente trabajo se ha concebido bajo un carácter didáctico y con la intención de ser difundido y utilizado, dirigido a estudiantes, profesores y aquellos que sientan deseo de incursionar en este campo interesante. El baloncesto es un deporte practicado en edades tempranas, no está enfocado en la competitividad sino encausado a adquirir fundamentos: técnicos, tácticos, individuales y colectivos con una descripción detallada del proceso de aprendizaje y las destrezas básicas; iniciando de lo sencillo a lo complejo, a la iniciación del juego y sus reglas, acompañados de una disciplina deportiva de colaboración, compañerismo, responsabilidad, cooperación, alimentación, de higiene, de buenos hábitos, alejados del alcohol y las drogas, que afectan al normal desarrollo bio-psico-social-afectivo del individuo. Con la transición del minibaloncesto al baloncesto en la selección de la escuela Fiscomisional Sor Teresa Valsé en la categoría intermedia comprendida en las edades de 12 a 14 años realizado en los meses de agosto 2015 a mayo 2016, se pretendió poner al alcance de las niñas todas las ventajas y valores educativos del baloncesto, de tal manera que no se contraríe su naturaleza, posibilidades, intereses, ni exija esfuerzos incompatibles con la edad de las participantes. En consecuencia la transición del minibaloncesto al baloncesto repercute en forma positiva en el normal desarrollo de las niñas de estas edades, tanto en lo físico, técnico-táctico, psicológico y social, así como también este trabajo refleja el desarrollo y adquisición de habilidades, destrezas y el modelo sobre el cual se implementó cada uno de los mismos para alcanzar los resultados esperados de esta investigación.

ESTUDO DE CASO: ALFABETIZAÇÃO ESPACIAL NAS SÉRIES INICIAIS NA ESCOLA MUNICIPAL MARIA TERESA MACIEL DA SILVEIRA MELO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE BOA VISTA-RR

Compreender fatos, ações, transformações são objetos que intrigam o pensamento geográfico. O processo da educação geográfica entra nesse contexto como uma problemática que em parte intriga pela própria mutabilidade de aplicação da Geografia, principalmente nas séries iniciais. Tem-se então o contexto da “alfabetização espacial” como agente essencial na construção de um pensamento crítico que vem promover o conhecimento voltado para a análise social quanto à sua configuração espacial. Este artigo objetivou efetuar um estudo sobre os processos educacionais envolvendo todos os componentes partícipes do processo da alfabetização espacial, através de uma análise in loco nas dependências de uma escola da rede pública de ensino, seguindo a linha de pesquisa do estudo de caso para, através deste, externar uma realidade para se ter um contexto mais amplo sobre a realidade escolar (focando o ensino da Geografia). A pesquisa realizada é de caráter qualitativo-quantitativo, abrangendo uma linha exploratória que se baseou em entrevistas, questionários e levantamento bibliográfico. Ficou evidenciado que o proposto como parâmetro não é seguido no processo de ensino da disciplina, consistindo então, na ausência da formação integral do indivíduo para com o entendimento das práticas sociais existentes no espaço geográfico.

Rural and remote road safety study : final report

• Introduction: Concern and action for rural road safety is relatively new in Australia in comparison to the field of traffic safety as a whole. In 2003, a program of research was begun by the Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q) and the Rural Health Research Unit (RHRU) at James Cook University to investigate factors contributing to serious rural road crashes in the North Queensland region. This project was funded by the Premier’s Department, Main Roads Department, Queensland Transport, QFleet, Queensland Rail, Queensland Ambulance Service, Department of Natural Resources and Queensland Police Service. Additional funding was provided by NRMA Insurance for a PhD scholarship. In-kind support was provided through the four hospitals used for data collection, namely Cairns Base Hospital, The Townsville Hospital, Mount Isa Hospital and Atherton Hospital.----- The primary aim of the project was to: Identify human factors related to the occurrence of serious traffic incidents in rural and remote areas of Australia, and to the trauma suffered by persons as a result of these incidents, using a sample drawn from a rural and remote area in North Queensland.----- The data and analyses presented in this report are the core findings from two broad studies: a general examination of fatalities and casualties from rural and remote crashes for the period 1 March 2004 until 30 June 2007, and a further linked case-comparison study of hospitalised patients compared with a sample of non-crash-involved drivers.----- • Method: The study was undertaken in rural North Queensland, as defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) statistical divisions of North Queensland, Far North Queensland and North-West Queensland. Urban areas surrounding Townsville, Thuringowa and Cairns were not included. The study methodology was centred on serious crashes, as defined by a resulting hospitalisation for 24 hours or more and/or a fatality. Crashes meeting this criteria within the North Queensland region between 1 March 2004 and 30 June 2007 were identified through hospital records and interviewed where possible. Additional data was sourced from coroner’s reports, the Queensland Transport road crash database, the Queensland Ambulance Service and the study hospitals in the region.----- This report is divided into chapters corresponding to analyses conducted on the collected crash and casualty data.----- Chapter 3 presents an overview of all crashes and casualties identified during the study period. Details are presented in regard to the demographics and road user types of casualties; the locations, times, types, and circumstances of crashes; along with the contributing circumstances of crashes.----- Chapter 4 presents the results of summary statistics for all casualties for which an interview was able to be conducted. Statistics are presented separately for drivers and riders, passengers, pedestrians and cyclists. Details are also presented separately for drivers and riders crashing in off-road and on-road settings. Results from questionnaire data are presented in relation to demographics; the experience of the crash in narrative form; vehicle characteristics and maintenance; trip characteristics (e.g. purpose and length of journey; periods of fatigue and monotony; distractions from driving task); driving history; alcohol and drug use; medical history; driving attitudes, intentions and behaviour; attitudes to enforcement; and experience of road safety advertising.----- Chapter 5 compares the above-listed questionnaire results between on-road crash-involved casualties and interviews conducted in the region with non-crash-involved persons. Direct comparisons as well as age and sex adjusted comparisons are presented.----- Chapter 6 presents information on those casualties who were admitted to one of the study hospitals during the study period. Brief information is given regarding the demographic characteristics of these casualties. Emergency services’ data is used to highlight the characteristics of patient retrieval and transport to and between hospitals. The major injuries resulting from the crashes are presented for each region of the body and analysed by vehicle type, occupant type, seatbelt status, helmet status, alcohol involvement and nature of crash. Estimates are provided of the costs associated with in-hospital treatment and retrieval.----- Chapter 7 describes the characteristics of the fatal casualties and the nature and circumstances of the crashes. Demographics, road user types, licence status, crash type and contributing factors for crashes are presented. Coronial data is provided in regard to contributing circumstances (including alcohol, drugs and medical conditions), cause of death, resulting injuries, and restraint and helmet use.----- Chapter 8 presents the results of a comparison between casualties’ crash descriptions and police-attributed crash circumstances. The relative frequency of contributing circumstances are compared both broadly within the categories of behavioural, environmental, vehicle related, medical and other groupings and specifically for circumstances within these groups.----- Chapter 9 reports on the associated research projects which have been undertaken on specific topics related to rural road safety.----- Finally, Chapter 10 reports on the conclusions and recommendations made from the program of research.---- • Major Recommendations : From the findings of these analyses, a number of major recommendations were made: + Male drivers and riders - Male drivers and riders should continue to be the focus of interventions, given their very high representation among rural and remote road crash fatalities and serious injuries.----- - The group of males aged between 30 and 50 years comprised the largest number of casualties and must also be targeted for change if there is to be a meaningful improvement in rural and remote road safety.----- + Motorcyclists - Single vehicle motorcycle crashes constitute over 80% of serious, on-road rural motorcycle crashes and need particular attention in development of policy and infrastructure.----- - The motorcycle safety consultation process currently being undertaken by Queensland Transport (via the "Motorbike Safety in Queensland - Consultation Paper") is strongly endorsed. As part of this process, particular attention needs to be given to initiatives designed to reduce rural and single vehicle motorcycle crashes.----- - The safety of off-road riders is a serious problem that falls outside the direct responsibility of either Transport or Health departments. Responsibility for this issue needs to be attributed to develop appropriate policy, regulations and countermeasures.----- + Road safety for Indigenous people - Continued resourcing and expansion of The Queensland Aboriginal Peoples and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Driver Licensing Program to meet the needs of remote and Indigenous communities with significantly lower licence ownership levels.----- - Increased attention needs to focus on the contribution of geographic disadvantage (remoteness) factors to remote and Indigenous road trauma.----- + Road environment - Speed is the ‘final common pathway’ in determining the severity of rural and remote crashes and rural speed limits should be reduced to 90km/hr for sealed off-highway roads and 80km/hr for all unsealed roads as recommended in the Austroads review and in line with the current Tasmanian government trial.----- - The Department of Main Roads should monitor rural crash clusters and where appropriate work with local authorities to conduct relevant audits and take mitigating action. - The international experts at the workshop reviewed the data and identified the need to focus particular attention on road design management for dangerous curves. They also indicated the need to maximise the use of audio-tactile linemarking (audible lines) and rumble strips to alert drivers to dangerous conditions and behaviours.----- + Trauma costs - In accordance with Queensland Health priorities, recognition should be given to the substantial financial costs associated with acute management of trauma resulting from serious rural and remote crashes.----- - Efforts should be made to develop a comprehensive, regionally specific costing formula for road trauma that incorporates the pre-hospital, hospital and post-hospital phases of care. This would inform health resource allocation and facilitate the evaluation of interventions.----- - The commitment of funds to the development of preventive strategies to reduce rural and remote crashes should take into account the potential cost savings associated with trauma.----- - A dedicated study of the rehabilitation needs and associated personal and healthcare costs arising from rural and remote road crashes should be undertaken.----- + Emergency services - While the study has demonstrated considerable efficiency in the response and retrieval systems of rural and remote North Queensland, relevant Intelligent Transport Systems technologies (such as vehicle alarm systems) to improve crash notification should be both developed and evaluated.----- + Enforcement - Alcohol and speed enforcement programs should target the period between 2 and 6pm because of the high numbers of crashes in the afternoon period throughout the rural region.----- + Drink driving - Courtesy buses should be advocated and schemes such as the Skipper project promoted as local drink driving countermeasures in line with the very high levels of community support for these measures identified in the hospital study.------ - Programs should be developed to target the high levels of alcohol consumption identified in rural and remote areas and related involvement in crashes.----- - Referrals to drink driving rehabilitation programs should be mandated for recidivist offenders.----- + Data requirements - Rural and remote road crashes should receive the same quality of attention as urban crashes. As such, it is strongly recommended that increased resources be committed to enable dedicated Forensic Crash Units to investigate rural and remote fatal and serious injury crashes.----- - Transport department records of rural and remote crashes should record the crash location using the national ARIA area classifications used by health departments as a means to better identifying rural crashes.----- - Rural and remote crashes tend to be unnoticed except in relatively infrequent rural reviews. They should receive the same level of attention and this could be achieved if fatalities and fatal crashes were coded by the ARIA classification system and included in regular crash reporting.----- - Health, Transport and Police agencies should collect a common, minimal set of data relating to road crashes and injuries, including presentations to small rural and remote health facilities.----- + Media and community education programmes - Interventions seeking to highlight the human contribution to crashes should be prioritised. Driver distraction, alcohol and inappropriate speed for the road conditions are key examples of such behaviours.----- - Promotion of basic safety behaviours such as the use of seatbelts and helmets should be given a renewed focus.----- - Knowledge, attitude and behavioural factors that have been identified for the hospital Brief Intervention Trial should be considered in developing safety campaigns for rural and remote people. For example challenging the myth of the dangerous ‘other’ or ‘non-local’ driver.----- - Special educational initiatives on the issues involved in rural and remote driving should be undertaken. For example the material used by Main Roads, the Australian Defence Force and local initiatives.

At work or play : a comparison of private property vehicle crashes with those occurring on public roads in north Queensland.

Objective: To define characteristics of vehicle crashes occurring on rural private property in north Queensland with an exploration of associated risk factors. Design: Descriptive analysis of private property crash data collected by the Rural and Remote Road Safety Study. Setting: Rural and remote north Queensland. Participants: A total of 305 vehicle controllers aged 16 years or over hospitalised at Atherton, Cairns, Mount Isa or Townsville for at least 24 hours as a result of a vehicle crash. Main outcome measure: A structured questionnaire completed by participants covering crash details, lifestyle and demographic characteristics, driving history, medical history, alcohol and drug use and attitudes to road use. Results: Overall, 27.9% of interviewees crashed on private property, with the highest proportion of private road crashes occurring in the North West Statistical Division (45%). Risk factors shown to be associated with private property crashes included male sex, riding off-road motorcycle or all-terrain vehicle, first-time driving at that site, lack of licence for vehicle type, recreational use and not wearing a helmet or seatbelt. Conclusions: Considerable trauma results from vehicle crashes on rural private property. These crashes are not included in most crash data sets, which are limited to public road crashes. Legislation and regulations applicable to private property vehicle use are largely focused on workplace health and safety, yet work-related crashes represent a minority of private property crashes in north Queensland.

All-terrain vehicle crashes and associated injuries in North Queensland : findings from the Rural and Remote Road Safety Study

Objective: To define characteristics of all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes occurring in north Queensland from March 2004 till June 2007 with the exploration of associated risk factors. Design: Descriptive analysis of ATV crash data collected by the Rural and Remote Road Safety Study. Setting: Rural and remote north Queensland. Participants: Forty-two ATV drivers and passengers aged 16 years or over hospitalised at Atherton, Cairns, Mount Isa or Townsville for at least 24 hours as a result of a vehicle crash. Main outcome measures: Demographics of participants, reason for travel, nature of crash, injuries sustained and risk factors associated with ATV crash. Results: The majority of casualties were men aged 16–64. Forty-one per cent of accidents occurred while performing agricultural tasks. Furthermore, 39% of casualties had less than one year’s experience riding ATVs. Over half the casualties were not wearing a helmet at the time of the crash. Common injuries were head and neck and upper limb injuries. Rollovers tended to occur while performing agricultural tasks and most commonly resulted in multiple injuries. Conclusions: Considerable trauma results from ATV crashes in rural and remote north Queensland. These crashes are not included in most general vehicle crash data sets, as they are usually limited to events occurring on public roads. Minimal legislation and regulation currently applies to ATV use in agricultural, recreational and commercial settings. Legislation on safer design of ATVs and mandatory courses for riders is an essential part of addressing the burden of ATV crashes on rural and remote communities.