999 resultados para Terapia ocupacional para idosos
Resumo:
Background: The inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been considered an option in reversing or preventing decrease in respiratory muscle strength, however, little is known about the adaptations of these muscles arising from the training with charge. Objectives: To investigate the effect of IMT on the diaphragmatic muscle strength and function neural and structural adjustment of diaphragm in sedentary young people, compare the effects of low intensity IMT with moderate intensity IMT on the thickness, mobility and electrical activity of diaphragm and in inspiratory muscles strength and establish a protocol for conducting a systematic review to evaluate the effects of respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular diseases. Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, controlled trial, sample of 28 healthy, both sexes, and sedentary young people, divided into two groups: 14 in the low load training group (G10%) and 14 in the moderate load training group (G55%). The volunteers performed for 9 weeks a home IMT protocol with POWERbreathe®. The G55% trained with 55% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and the G10% used a charge of 10% of MIP. The training was conducted in sessions of 30 repetitions, twice a day, six days per week. Every two weeks was evaluated MIP and adjusted the load. Volunteers were submitted by ultrasound, surface electromyography, spirometry and manometer before and after IMT. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Were performed Student's t-test for paired samples to compare diaphragmatic thickness, MIP and MEP before and after IMT protocol and Wilcoxon to compare the RMS (root mean square) and median frequency (MedF) values also before and after training protocol. They were then performed the Student t test for independent samples to compare mobility and diaphragm thickness, MIP and MEP between two groups and the Mann-Whitney test to compare the RMS and MedF values also between the two groups. Parallel to experimental study, we developed a protocol with support from the Cochrane Collaboration on IMT in people with neuromuscular diseases. Results: There was, in both groups, increased inspiratory muscle strength (P <0.05) and expiratory in G10% (P = 0.009) increase in RMS and thickness of relaxed muscle in G55% (P = 0.005; P = 0.026) and there was no change in the MedF (P> 0.05). The comparison between two groups showed a difference in RMS (P = 0.04) and no difference in diaphragm thickness and diaphragm mobility and respiratory muscle strength. Conclusions: It was identified increased neural activity and diagrammatic structure with consequent increase in respiratory muscle strength after the IMT with moderate load. IMT with load of 10% of MIP cannot be considered as a placebo dose, it increases the inspiratory muscle strength and IMT with moderate intensity is able to enhance the recruitment of muscle fibers of diaphragm and promote their hypertrophy. The protocol for carrying out the systematic review published in The Cochrane Library.
Resumo:
Introduction: Gait after stroke is characterized by a significant asymmetry between the lower limbs, with predominant use of the non-paretic lower limb (NPLL) over using the paretic lower limb. Accordingly, it has been suggested that adding load/weight to the NPLL as a form of restricting the movement of this limb may favor the use of the paretic limb, reducing interlimb asymmetry. However, few studies have been conducted up to this moment, which only investigated the immediate effects of this practice. Objectives: 1) Investigating whether there is an influence of adding load to the NPLL during treadmill training on cardiovascular parameters and on gait performance of individuals with stroke, compared to treadmill training without load addition; 2) Analyzing the effects of treadmill training with and without load added to the NPLL on kinematic parameters of each lower limb during gait; 3) Analyzing the effects of treadmill training with and without load added to the NPLL on measurements of functional mobility and postural balance of these patients. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized single blinded clinical trial involving 38 subjects, with a mean age of 56.5 years, at the subacute post-stroke phase (with mean time since stroke of 4.5 months). Participants were randomly assigned into an experimental group (EG) or control group (CG). EG (n= 19) was submitted to gait training on a treadmill with the addition of load to the NPLL by ankle weights equivalent to 5% of body weight. CG (n= 19) was only submitted to gait training on a treadmill. Behavioral strategies which included home exercises were also applied to both groups. The interventions occurred daily for two consecutive weeks (Day 1 to Day 9), being of 30 minutes duration each. Outcome measures: postural balance (Berg Functional Balance Scale – BBS), functional mobility (Timed Up and Go – TUG; kinematic variables of 180° turning) and kinematic gait variables were assessed at baseline (Day 0), after four training sessions (Day 4), after nine training sessions (Day 9), and 40 days after completion of training (Follow-up). Cardiovascular parameters (mean arterial pressure and heart rate) were evaluated at four moments within each training session. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare outcomes between EG and CG in the course of the study (Day 0, Day 4, Day 9 and Follow-up). Unpaired t-tests allowed for intergroup comparison at each training session. 5% significance was used for all tests. Results: 1) Cardiovascular parameters (systemic arterial pressure, heart rate and derivated variables) did not change after the interventions and there were no differences between groups within each training session. There was an improvement in gait performance, with increased speed and distance covered, with no statistically significant difference between groups. 2) After the interventions, patients had increased paretic and non-paretic step lengths, in addition to exhibiting greater hip and knee joint excursion on both lower limbs. The gains were observed in the EG and CG, with no statistical difference between the groups and (mostly) maintained at follow-up. 3) After the interventions, patients showed better postural balance (higher scores on BBS) and functional mobility (reduced time spent on the TUG test and better performance on the 180° turning). All gains were observed in the EG and CG, with no statistically significant difference between groups and were maintained at follow-up. Conclusions: The addition of load to the NPLL did not affect cardiovascular parameters in patients with subacute stroke, similar to treadmill training without load, thus seemingly a safe training to be applied to these patients. However, the use of the load did not bring any additional benefits to gait training. The gait training program (nine training sessions on a treadmill + strategies and exercises for paretic limb stimulation) was useful for improving gait performance and kinematics, functional mobility and postural balance, and its use is suggested to promote the optimization of these outcomes in the subacute phase after stroke.
Resumo:
O presente relatório tem por finalidade principal descrever a dinâmica do estágio em psicologia clínica e da saúde realizado no Hospital Dr. Batista de Sousa, demonstrando de forma objetiva todo processo em que se desenvolveu o estágio em suas atividades a partir das avaliações e intervenções psicológicas realizadas no Serviço de Saúde Mental, das atividades sócio educativas e de terapia ocupacional com os pacientes na Enfermaria de Crise, além de apresentar as devidas referências teóricas e bibliográficas que fundamentaram o atendimento aos pacientes, compreensibilidade dos casos clínicos e hipóteses diagnósticas.
Resumo:
A psicologia positiva é uma nova abordagem científica detentora de vastos recursos que permitem desenvolver competência emocional no individuo facilitando a sua adaptação aos mais diversos contextos. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: conhecer as características sociodemográficas, avaliar o nível de competência emocional (“perceção emocional”, “expressão emocional” e “capacidade para lidar com a emoção”) e relacionar a competência emocional, bem como as suas dimensões com algumas variáveis sociodemográficas num grupo de 103 jovens estudantes (m = 17, f = 86), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 22 anos de idade que frequentavam o 1º ano do ensino superior da Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, nos cursos de Enfermagem, Terapia Ocupacional e Fisioterapia. Este estudo é transversal, de cariz quantitativo e do tipo descritivo e correlacional. O instrumento utilizado na recolha de dados foi um questionário constituído por duas partes: a primeira parte por um Questionário Sociodemográfico e a segunda parte pelo Questionário de Competência Emocional. Os resultados apontam para a existência de evidências estatisticamente significativas em relação ao género, à vida social. No que se refere ao género, as jovens revelam uma aptidão maior para lidar com a emoção comparativamente aos jovens. Observa-se ainda que, uma vida social ativa é um bom preditor para uma maior competência emocional. Concluímos que, de uma forma geral, a maioria dos jovens estudantes que integraram esta amostra revelam possuir bons níveis de competência emocional. / Positive psychology is a new scientific approach that has many features that allow you to develop emotional competence in the individual helping them to adapt to many different contexts. The present study aimed to: to know the sociodemographic characteristics, assess the level of emotional competence ("emotional perception", "emotional expression" and "ability to deal with the emotion") and relate to emotional competence, as well as their dimensions to sociodemographic variables in a group of 103 young students (M = 17, F = 86), aged between 18 and 22 years old, attending the 1st year of university, in School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, in Nursing, Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy. This study is cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and correlational. The instrument used for collect data was a questionnaire consisting of two parts: the first part by a sociodemographic questionnaire and the second part of emotional competence questionnaire. The results point to the existence of statistically significant evidence in relation to gender, social life. With respect to gender, young show a higher capacity to cope with the emotion compared to young people. It is also observed that an active social life is a good predictor for greater emotional competence. We conclude that, in general, the majority of young students who have integrated this sample show good levels of emotional competence.
Resumo:
El objetivo de este artículo es identificar evidencia bibliográfica del uso de la música como herramienta en procesos de inclusión de personas con discapacidad, que permitiera ofrecer sustento teórico al proyecto del convenio establecido entre la Fundación Saldarriaga Concha y la Fundación Nacional Batuta.
Resumo:
Este estudio muestra la relación que existe entre la prueba del Estado en Colombia, ICFES, y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Universidad del Rosario, facultad de Terapia Ocupacional y la Fundación Educativa de Estudios Superiores, hoy Fundación Universitaria Manuela Beltrán en la misma facultad. Realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre la problemática de los Exámenes de Estado, mostrando en contraste, la discusión teórica de diferentes autores, sobre el rendimiento académico y la dificultad de su valoración; así como la relación de las pruebas de Estado como predictores del rendimiento académico. El estudio seleccionó una población de estudiantes de las dos nstituciones mencionadas, para cada una de las cuales se obtuvo el puntaje individual general y por área alcanzado en el examen del Instituto Colombiano de Educación Superior y los promedios generales obtenidos por cada estudiante en el programa académico de la carrera. Para el análisis estadístico de los resultados se empleó el análisis de correlación y regresión mediante el paquete estadístico SAS (sistema de análisis estadístico). Los datos más sobresalientes encontrados fueron la existencia de una correlación predictiva entre el puntaje del ICFES y el rendimiento académico en las dos entidades; tanto en los promedios generales como en los identificados por área a excepción de la de ciencias sociales lo que se explica por un error de agrupación.
Resumo:
Projeto de investigação no âmbito da Pós-Graduação em Educação Especial - Domínio Cognitivo e Motor, da Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti.
Resumo:
Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo
Resumo:
Objetivos. Analizar si existen diferencias entre la percepción que los estudiantes universitarios tienen sobre el uso de WhatsApp y los datos reales, y explorar alguna posible asociación entre la intensidad de uso de esta herramienta social y el rendimiento académico. Sujetos y métodos. La investigación, de alcance observacional y naturaleza cuantitativa, se llevó a cabo con la participación de 81 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad de Málaga (España) matriculados en el grado en terapia ocupacional. Se utilizó una encuesta para recopilar información sobre la percepción del uso de herramientas sociales y, adicionalmente, se utilizaron dos instrumentos para recopilar información real sobre el uso de herramientas sociales: en primer lugar, el registro de mensajes en la aplicación WhatsApp; en segundo lugar, la herramienta de monitorización de actividades denominada RescueTime. A través de estas herramientas se obtuvieron datos como el número exacto de los mensajes enviados y recibidos a través de WhatsApp durante un período, así como el tiempo diario dedicado a WhatsApp, Facebook, correo electrónico, páginas web específicas, herramientas de oficina y otras aplicaciones. Resultados y conclusiones. Entre los resultados se encontró que, sin importar sexo, desempeño académico o curso, WhatsApp es la aplicación más utilizada por la mayoría de los participantes del estudio. La percepción de los estudiantes es que utilizan mucho más WhatsApp de lo que en realidad lo hacen. No se encontró una asociación lineal entre intensidad de uso de WhatsApp y desempeño académico.
Resumo:
En esta ponencia se ha mostrado un ejemplo de intervención mediante ejemplos prácticos del día a día del Terapeuta Ocupacional en su trabajo con las personas con discapacidad y enfermedad mental. Los puntos abordados han sido: 1. Terapia Ocupacional y discapacidad intelectual 2. Habilidades de comunicación. - Limitaciones de las personas con discapacidad en las habilidades de comunicación. Entrenamiento de habilidades de comunicación 3. Habilidades sociales -La importancia de la comunicación en las relaciones sociales - Limitaciones de las personas con discapacidad en habilidades sociales - Entrenamiento de habilidades sociales - Influencia de las habilidades sociales en la Calidad de vida 4. Role playing: Participación de los oyentes.
Resumo:
Background: Previous studies have reported errors in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) under the presence of distracting objects in dementia and brain injury patients. However, little is known about which distractor-target objects relation might be more harmful for performance. Method: We compared the ADL execution in frontal brain injured patients and control participants under two conditions: One in which target objects were mixed with distractor objects that constituted an alternative semantically related but non-required task (contextual condition) and another in which target objects were mixed with related but isolated distractors that did not constituted a coherent task (non-contextual condition). We separately analyzed ADL commission errors (repetitions, substitutions, objects manipulations, failures in sequence, extra actions) and omissions. In addition, the participants were evaluated with a neuropsychological protocol including a very specific executive functions task (Selective attention, Stimulus-Stimulus and Stimulus-Response conflict). Results: We found that frontal patients produced more commission errors compared to control participants, but only under the contextual condition. No between groups significant differences were found in omissions in both conditions or commission errors in non-contextual conditions. Scores in the Stimulus-Response conflict was significantly correlated with commission errors in the contextual condition. Conclusion: The presence of different non-target objects in ADL performance could require different cognitive process. Contextual ADL conditions required a higher level of executive functions, especially at the level of response (Stimulus-Response conflict). Application to Practice: Occupational therapists should control the presence of objects related to the target task according to the intervention objectives with the patients.
Resumo:
O Curso de Especialização em Atenção Básica em Saúde da Família (CEABSF) é uma realização da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), por meio do Núcleo de Educação em Saúde Coletiva da Faculdade de Medicina (Nescon), com a participação da Escola de Enfermagem, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Educação e Faculdade de Odontologia. Direcionado a médicos, enfermeiros e cirurgiões- -dentistas integrantes de equipes de Saúde da Família e com uma turma especial para profissionais de Educação Física integrantes de Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF), o CEABSF tem seu sistema instrucional baseado na estratégia de Educação à Distância. É composto por um conjunto de Cadernos de Estudo e outras mídias disponibilizadas tanto em DVD – módulos e outros textos, e vídeos –, como na Internet – por meio de ferramentas de consulta e de interatividade, facilitadores dos processos de aprendizagem e tutoria, nos momentos presenciais e à distância. Os cadernos de estudo, são resultados do trabalho interdisciplinar de profissionais da UFMG, de outras universidades e do Serviço. Os autores são especialistas em suas áreas e representam tanto a experiência acadêmica, acumulada no desenvolvimento de projetos de formação, capacitação e educação permanente em saúde, como a vivência profissional. A perspectiva é de que esse Curso cumpra seu importante papel na qualificação os profissionais de saúde, com vistas à consolidação da estratégia Saúde da Família e ao desenvolvimento do Sistema Único de Saúde, universal e com maior grau de equidade.
Resumo:
O Dr. José Ricardo Pio Marins, infectologista do Ministério da Saúde, discorre sobre o protocolo de tratamento da influenza no Brasil, abordando orientações para triagem (com diferenciação entre síndrome gripal e resfriado comum); indicações de tratamento com ativirais; casos críticos indicados para unidade de terapia intensiva (crianças, idosos, gestantes e pacientes com comorbidades); casos que necessitam de uso de quimioprofilaxia e orientações para uso de receituário simples.
Resumo:
O material é componente do Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Pessoa Idosa da UNA-SUS/UFMA. Trata-se de um recurso educacional interativo que apresenta as capacidades cognitivas do indivíduo, sendo que a cognição envolve a aquisição, processamento e aplicação de informações na vida cotidiana.
Resumo:
Material interativo que compõe a unidade 2 do módulo eletivo 4 “Terapia ocupacional na saúde da pessoa idosa” do curso de especialização em Saúde da Pessoa Idosa produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda os aspectos relacionados à internação domiciliar (ID), tais como a definição e o que prevê a portaria nº 2.529 para equipe que prestará o serviço.