As posições políticas de Jean-Paul Sartre e o Terceiro Mundo (1947-1979)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pelos trilhos dos bondes: cidade, modernidade e tensões sociais em Belém de 1869 a 1947

A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar as mudanças sociais e espaciais ocorridas em Belém, através dos bondes, no período de 1869 a 1947. Neste contexto, os carris surgem como símbolos de modernidade e locus privilegiado de observação de fenômenos sociais que se desenrolam cotidianamente, como as relações de gênero, de dominação e resistência, a territorialização do espaço urbano – em parte oriunda do processo de gentrificação – e as estratégias de legitimação de posse dos mesmos, os diversos graus de sociabilidade, as afetividades estabelecidas, os comportamentos sociais instituídos de maneira tácita ou determinados normas e/ou códigos de postura. Desta forma, objetivando a análise dos processos interativos que produzem o sentido “prático” da realidade o materialismo histórico é utilizado como principal suporte metodológico. Questões relativas à distinção entre grupos sociais, lutas de classificações e poder simbólico foram analisadas através de conceitos e categorias trabalhadas por Bourdieu. A sociologia processual de Norbert Elias também foi utilizada como viés interpretativo de fenômenos sociais, o que deu à pesquisa um caráter linear. A investigação deteve-se em eixos: a história da cidade, a história do cotidiano e a história dos bondes. Como meio de interpretação da história da cidade e do cotidiano utilizou-se a literatura, principalmente a regional, e os discursos oficiais – da Municipalidade, das empresas concessionárias, o discurso midiático e os relatos de memória. Conclui-se que os bondes alteraram as percepções do binômio espaço-tempo de seus usuários, reproduziram as diferenças existentes entre os grupos sociais, proporcionaram novas formas de sociabilidade, fomentaram o crescimento da cidade e promoveram a conexão entre os territórios de uma Belém gentrificada.

Early hunter-gatheres in the Terra Firme Rainforest: stemmed projectile points from the Curuá goldmines

Achados acidentais de instrumentos líticos em região de terra firme junto ao rio Curuá, no médio curso da Bacia do Xingu, sugere uma ocupação disseminada por caçador-coletores pré-cerâmicos na região, contrariamente a expectativas de que a floresta tropical teria recursos alimentares insuficientes para a ocupação humana longe da várzea. Os artefatos líticos incluem pontas de projétil de lascamento cuidadoso, possivelmente relacionados a alguns artefatos do Pleistoceno final encontrados na Caverna da Pedra Pintada, em Monte Alegre. Os resíduos alimentares encontrados com os artefatos de Monte Alegre eram de uma economia de coleta de ambientes rupestres e ribeirinhos. As pontas do Xingu foram recolhidas por garimpeiros nas reias e cascalhos no leito do rio Curuá. Os garimpeiros encontraram os artefatos enquanto escavavam e peneiravam sedimentos auríferos. Tais depósitos algumas vezes também contêm remanescentes de plantas e artefatos de madeira pré-históricos, fontes de informação potencial sobre antigos habitats, subsistência e tecnologia. O grupo de pesquisa do Projeto Baixo Amazonas viajou a diversos dos sítios submersos com os garimpeiros para preparar escavações para o futuro. Em um sítio, Curupité, onde os garimpeiros encontraram uma grande ponta com pedúnculo e um arpão de madeira inteiro em 1986, a equipe utilizou equipamento de mergulho para prospectar o leito do rio e os barrancos, e mapearam a topografa com um teodolito a laser.

As disputas em torno do ensino primário rural (São Paulo, 1931-1947)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

História do ensino da literatura infantil nos cursos de formação de professores primários no estado de São Paulo, Brasil (1947-2003)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tostão contra o milhão: a trajetória política de Jânio Quadros pelo jornal O Estado de São Paulo (1947/1955)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

A caricatura política na concepção libertária do periódico A Plebe (1947-1949)

This article discusses the meanings of imagistic representations (drawings, cartoons) published in A Plebe (The Plebs), from May 1947 to May 1949, the last period of the Edgard Leuenroth’s headship. Created in 1917, the newspaper, supported by libertarian principles, set up as a public sphere suited for the proletarian world because of discussing the problems that workers were facing in their daily lives. The paper printed whipping criticisms against the country's elites and fought, without respite, the capitalist system – qualified as parasitic, violent and expropriator –, supported by mystifying and equally violent enactments from its religious arm, expressed in the actions of the Catholic Church and whose struggle against was also systematic.

Khoisan hunter-gatherers have been the largest population throughout most of modern-human demographic history

The Khoisan people from Southern Africa maintained ancient lifestyles as hunter-gatherers or pastoralists up to modern times, though little else is known about their early history. Here we infer early demographic histories of modern humans using whole-genome sequences of five Khoisan individuals and one Bantu speaker. Comparison with a 420 K SNP data set from worldwide individuals demonstrates that two of the Khoisan genomes from the Ju/'hoansi population contain exclusive Khoisan ancestry. Coalescent analysis shows that the Khoisan and their ancestors have been the largest populations since their split with the non-Khoisan population similar to 100-150 kyr ago. In contrast, the ancestors of the non-Khoisan groups, including Bantu-speakers and non-Africans, experienced population declines after the split and lost more than half of their genetic diversity. Paleoclimate records indicate that the precipitation in southern Africa increased similar to 80-100 kyr ago while west-central Africa became drier. We hypothesize that these climate differences might be related to the divergent-ancient histories among human populations.

A presença feminina dos estudos secundários no estado de São Paulo (1930-1947)

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

História do ensino da literatura infantil na formação de professores no Estado de São Paulo (1947-2003)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Margaret Mae Bryant Papers - Accession 21

This collection consists of Dr. Bryant’s professional and organizational files, biographical data, correspondence, and speeches. Most of the material relates to her publishing efforts, her work as a faculty member at Brooklyn College, and her involvement with professional organizations, especially the New York branch of the American Association of University Women. Most of the material extends form 1950-1975. A list of the more prominent individuals who corresponded with Margaret Bryant has been included as an appendix to the inventory. (For more extensive and comprehensive list of correspondents, see the list included in the collection control file.)

Catches of Humpback Whales in the Southern Ocean, 1947-1973

We review catches of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Southern Ocean during the period following World War II, with an emphasis on Areas IV, V and VI (the principal regions of illegal Soviet whaling on this species). Where possible, we summarize legal and illegal Soviet catches by year, Area and factory fleet, and also include information on takes by other nations. Soviet humpback catches between 1947 and 1973 totaled 48702 and break down as follows: 649 (Area I), 1412 (Area II), 921 (Area III), 8779 (Area IV), 22569 (Area V) and 7195 (Area VI), with 7177 catches not assignable to area. In all, at least 72542 humpback whales were killed by all operations (Soviet plus other nations) after World War 2 in Areas IV (27201), V (38146) and VI (7195). More than a third of these (25474 whales, of which 25192 came from Areas V and VI) were taken in just two seasons, 1959/60 and 1960/61. The impact of these takes, and of those from Area IV in the late 1950's, is evident in the sometimes dramatic declines in catches at shore stations in Australia, New Zealand and Norfolk Island. When compared to recent estimates of abundance, the large removals from Areas IV and V indicate that the populations in these regions remain well below pre-exploitation levels despite reported strong growth rates off eastern and western Australia. Populations in many areas of Oceania continue to be small, indicating that the catches from Area VI and eastern Area V had long-term impacts on recovery.

Antler Size of Alaskan Moose Alces alces gigas: Effects of Population Density, Hunter Harvest and Use of Guides

Moose Alces alces gigas in Alaska, USA, exhibit extreme sexual dimorphism, with adult males possessing large, elaborate antlers. Antler size and conformation are influenced by age, nutrition and genetics, and these bony structures serve to establish social rank and affect mating success. Population density, combined with anthropogenic effects such as harvest, is thought to influence antler size. Antler size increased as densities of moose decreased, ostensibly a density-dependent response related to enhanced nutrition at low densities. The vegetation type where moose were harvested also affected antler size, with the largest-antlered males occupying more open habitats. Hunts with guides occurred in areas with low moose density, minimized hunter interference and increased rates of success. Such hunts harvested moose with larger antler spreads than did non-guided hunts. Knowledge and abilities allowed guides to satisfy demands of trophy hunters, who are an integral part of the Alaskan economy. Heavy harvest by humans was also associated with decreased antler size of moose, probably via a downward shift in the age structure of the population resulting in younger males with smaller antlers. Nevertheless, density-dependence was more influential than effects of harvest on age structure in determining antler size of male moose. Indeed, antlers are likely under strong sexual selection, but we demonstrate that resource availability influenced the distribution of these sexually selected characters across the landscape. We argue that understanding population density in relation to carrying capacity (K) and the age structure of males is necessary to interpret potential consequences of harvest on the genetics of moose and other large herbivores. Our results provide researchers and managers with a better understanding of variables that affect the physical condition, antler size, and perhaps the genetic composition of populations, which may be useful in managing and modeling moose populations.

Initial Development of a Web-Based Tool to Increase Hunter Harvest of Female Ungulates

Landowners and agencies have expressed difficulty finding hunters willing to harvest the female portion of the ungulate populations, and likewise, hunters have expressed difficulty achieving access to private lands. Since 2003, the Montana “DoeCowHunt” website (www.doecowhunt.montana.edu) has provided an avenue to improve hunter-landowner contact and wild ungulate population management. A product of Montana State University Extension Wildlife Program, this website provides a means for hunters and landowners in Montana to contact each other by listing contact information (email address, physical address, and telephone number) for the purpose of harvesting antlerless ungulates. In the first year over 10,000 users visited the site. Of those who actually registered, 11 were landowners and 1334 were hunters. An evaluation survey resulted in a 40% response rate. The survey indicated the average registered landowner had 20 hunter contacts. Many landowners contacted hunters through use of the website but did not register or list their contact information on the site.

Examination of Homalometron elongatum Manter, 1947 and Description of a New Congener from Eucinostomus currani Zahuranec, 1980 in the Pacific Ocean off Costa Rica

Homalometron elongatum is reexamined using heat-killed material that was not subjected to pressure during fixation from Gerres cinereus collected from San Juan Harbor, Puerto Rico, U.S.A. The new material is compared with some paratype specimens and differs by having a much less variable forebody length, and a median rather than submedian genital pore. Tegumental spines reportedly cover the anterior end of the body but we observed tegumental spines covering the entire body surface in both the paratype and new material. Homalometron lesliorum n. sp. is described from Eucinostomus currani from the Pacific coasts of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The new species has three pairs of oral papillae surrounding the mouth and thus resembles three other congeners: H. elongatum, Homalometron carapevae, and Homalometron papilliferum. Homalometron lesliorum n. sp. is distinguished from the three species by having the anterior extent of the vitelline follicles at or above the base of the ventral sucker, compared with posterior to the ventral sucker at the level of the seminal vesicle (H. elongatum) or further posterior at the posterior margin of the ovary (H. carapevae and H. papilliferum). The four species are further differentiated from one another by sucker width ratio, tegumental spine size and distribution, egg size, host preference, and biogeography. Comparison of nuclear ribosomal DNA (3' end of 18S, internal transcribed spacer [ITS]1, ITS2, and 5' end of 28S) between H. elongatum and H. lesliorum n. sp. revealed one variable base (n = 162) at the 3' end of 18S, 12 variable bases (n = 476) at ITS1, 10 variable bases (n = 310) at ITS2, and 11 variable bases (n = 1,325) at the 5' end fragment of 28S. Nuclear ribosomal DNA from Homalometron pallidum and Homalometron armatum are included for further comparison with H. elongatum and H. lesliorum n. sp.