996 resultados para Resíduos sólidos - Lençóis Paulista


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The current problematic of the construction and demolition (C&D) waste faced for the Brazilian cities, is one of the main degradation factors of the environment, over all about the promise of the urban ambient quality. This scenery must mainly to the unsustainable management adopted by the great majority of the Brazilian cities. Therefore, this work aims at to offer subsidies for medium cities, having as study object the city of Rio Claro-SP, (Brazil), in the elaboration of plans and integrated programs of sustainable management of the construction and demolition waste, in accordance with CONAMA Resolution nº 307/2002, that’s set up a sustainable management system of C&D waste. In this direction, the diagnosis of the management was elaborated for the city of Rio Claro, (generation, collects, transport and disposal) and the public administration of the construction and demolition waste, as well as of the study of the related aspects with C&D waste recycling plant. Later, was suggested a plan of improvements for the public manager of C&D waste: areas of temporary disposal to facility the appropriating destination, appropriated areas of final disposal, incentives to the recycling of C&D waste, new legislations, education and orientation programs and adequacy the agents of C&D waste management (generating, transporting, addressee and public manager), directing for an environmental, economic and social sustainability.

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With the constant increase in the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, mainly due to the high consumption patterns, it becomes difficult to manage correctly the solid waste and thus minimize their impact on the environment. One of the most problems of the large amount of waste generated is the liquid originated from physical, chemical and biological decomposition process of organic wastes, with dark color and bad smell, called leachate: it can reach the soil, polluting the groundwater and the surface water. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the process of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation applied in the treatment of the leachate generated in the not controlled landfill of Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

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Composting is considered a process that enables adding value to organic solid waste turning them into organic fertilizer. In this process, factors such as mishandling the windrow, failed to control the temperature, aeration and moisture content will result in the quality of waste decomposition, and thus affect the quality of the final compound. Decentralized systems such as home composting, composting in restaurants, food courts and schools are one of the solutions for valuing these waste in a non expensive way and with greater quality. For this purpose, the project aims to analyze the conditions for composting of solid waste of the University Restaurant of Rio Claro- SP, through two different composting systems: manual revolving windrow and static pile. It was found that in University Restaurant (RU) on average 33% by weight of the total waste generated in the property are capable of composting. In this sense, in order to investigate the preliminary process operation parameters were mounted one manual windrow composed of 100% of the UR waste and a static pile composed of 60% of the UR waste and 40% of pruning and grass residues (PG). This study analyzed the manual revolving windrow and static pile systems for the parameters: moisture content, pH, C / N ratio and temperature. The study of the proportions of the PG and UR waste pointed to the need for pruning and grass residues addition for composting, considering that the manual revolving windrow composed by 100% of the UR waste had no satisfactory performance due to low temperatures measured during 60 days analysis. The best ratio for manual revolving windrow method analyzed in this study was 60% of the UR waste and 40% of PG waste, in dry weight. From this proportion a static pile was assembled, composed of 60% of UR waste e 40% of PG waste from the maintenance activities of the green area of the university. The biological activity in the static pile reached the maximum temperature of ...

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With the growth of settlements and the consequent rise in civilian buildings, there was a need to allocate appropriately the waste arising from construction and demolition. Failure to meet the standards set about building waste generate social, economic and environmental impacts of remediation difficult. This study aimed to attend the importance of holding management programs involving the waste of construction and demolition at the University by the resulting environmental, economic and social benefits, and analysis of the main stages of Waste Management of Construction and Demolition, whose based on the National Solid Waste Policy, as well as verification of the importance of implementing these steps in the design of works, assisting in future studies of this type of waste and the problems accompanying the University

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Aiming to get the best economic advantage in ethanol production from cassava roots, this study presented a physiochemical characterization from two different types of solid waste in two types of processing of the raw materials in manufacturing ethanol. The processing of cassava roots begins with the disintegration and washing the roots with the addition of 20% more water to obtain a pulp which was treated and stirred in the reactor while adding enzyme α-amylase at a temperature of 90°C for 2 hours. Then we performed a pH adjustment while lowering the temperature to 60 ° C with the addition of the enzyme amiloglucosidase and then stirring for 14 hours. The hydrolyzate obtained was the source of two types of waste which are: i) Solid residue obtained after filtration of the hydrolyatze and ii) Solid waste obtained from filtering wine after alcoholic fermentation of the hydrolyzate with the addition of a dried yeast strain Y-940 manufactured by MAURI OF BRAZIL SA (2%) at a temperature of 25º C. The results of the laboratory analysis showed that the byproducts derived from the hydrolysis and fermentation showed very similar chemical compositions. With levels between 39 and 41% fiber, 0.5% lipids, 20 and 30% carbohydrates, protein 0.5 and 1.50, 6 and 8% acidity, and 20 and 30% soluble solids.

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The issue of environmental impacts to human health and the generation and disposal of solid waste has led to a change of paradigms for your face, highlighting the need for sustainable management of municipal solid waste (MSW). In this context, the expansion of landfills in Brazil in recent decades makes it necessary to sustainable management of waste generated by this type of enterprise, since its implementation. The aim of this study was to perform a diagnosis of the generation of waste in a landfill, in the expansion phase, and the alternatives adopted for its management. The qualitative diagnosis was made from observations on site and the wastes were classified and quantified from August 2011 to January 2012. In the diagnosis was considered the reduction, reuse and recycle, in that order. The results of this study showed that the residue of the greatest generation was PEAD geomembranes used in the waterproofing of the landfill, reaching 7 t, followed by PVC pipes, which reached 850 kg, both destined for recycling. The largest volume of wastewater generated corresponded to the leachate, reaching 11,500 m3 , which were sent for treatment

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Este estudo avalia o emprego de um respirômetro automatizado com reator hermético rotacional para a avaliação dos parâmetros de O2 e CO2 e as demais variáveis obtidas durante a compostagem de resíduos de lodo de esgoto com podas de grama. O emprego do processo de compostagem tradicional apresenta um alto grau de empirismo utilizado no controle e avaliação do processo, que consiste na leitura diária de temperatura. Neste método os parâmetros de degradação são medidos na fase gasosa do processo de compostagem, determinando a evolução temporal de consumo de O2 e geração de CO2, tendo como vantagens uma maior representatividade, precisão e confiabilidade.

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A reciclagem é uma importante ferramenta para a gestão dos Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares, como cita a Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos. Assim esta pesquisa visa quantificar o impacto ambiental que um programa de reciclagem, com o objetivo de reciclar 20% dos resíduos passíveis de reciclagem, causaria na cidade de Cachoeira Paulista/SP. Para isso, foi utilizado o Waste Reduction Model para simular os dados e calcular a Emissão dos Gases de Efeito Estufa (MTCO2E e MTCE) e quantidade de Energia (Kwh). Um programa de reciclagem de 20% tem oportunidade de reduzir, em um ano e em relação a situação sem reciclagem, aproximadamente em 49% a quantidade de CO2 e C equivalentes, além de economizar em Kwh o equivalente ao gasto por um mês de energia elétrica de 9400 residências.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEG

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As atividades exercidas em uma Instituição acadêmica resultam na formação de diversos tipos de resíduos entre eles um volume considerável daqueles provenientes de celulose, principalmente variedades de papel e papelão, sendo o primeiro utilizado em larga escala para a confecção de objetos para os mais variados fins, de atividades didáticas, usos para fins de limpeza, até documentos. O presente trabalho foi realizado integrado às práticas do projeto PGR (Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos) desenvolvido no campus da Unesp de Rio Claro, tendo como objetivo o diagnóstico do gerenciamento dos resíduos de papel e papelão, tais como as práticas de descarte, reciclagem e/ou reutilização vigentes para posterior elaboração de um manual para o gerenciamento ambientalmente correto de tais tipos de resíduos. Para esse levantamento foi elaborado um questionário (Check-list) que foi aplicado nos diferentes setores da UNESP entre Novembro de 2014 e Abril de 2015. A partir desse levantamento preliminar e da quantificação aproximada do montante de resíduos e das porcentagens reutilizadas/recicladas e as descartadas, visou-se propor melhorias no processo de gerenciamento deste tipo de resíduo. O montante de resíduos provenientes de papel gerado nos 50 setores avaliados, sendo 27 do Instituto de Biociências, 21 do Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas e dois de uso comum entre os dois institutos, foi de aproximadamente 190kg de material, embora observado que na maioria das vezes os papéis tenham sido eliminados junto a resíduos de outra natureza, até mesmo orgânicos. Também foram constatadas a proporção de setores que procuram reduzir e reutilizar seus resíduos, sendo que a reutilização de papéis diversos para rascunhos e a utilização de caixas de papelão para o armazenamento de variados objetos foram as práticas mais comumente observadas, sendo apresentadas em maior ou menor grau em 62% dos setores visitados