Eliminating Modern Day Slavery

All too often, human trafficking victims – like victims of other crimes – are overlooked. When these victims are in need of support and resources, our governments are often underprepared and overburdened. As public servants, Congressman Ted Poe and State Senator Leticia Van de Putte recognize the deficiency in attention and resources dedicated to trafficked victims at both levels of government. Federal and state governments should provide the necessary resources for victims and victim service providers and help facilitate restitution for trafficking victims. In addition, the federal and state governments should help raise awareness of this crime’s impact on our nation. The problem of human trafficking cannot be dealt with at only one level of government. It will take the cooperation of all relevant local, state, and federal government entities to truly make an impact in combating human trafficking in the United States. We will continue to be a voice in Washington and in the State of Texas for victims and victim advocates to provide the needed resources for victims around the country and to draw attention to growing concerns surrounding human trafficking.

In Illvstrissimi Principis Ac D. D. Lvdovici Landtgravii Hassiae, Comitis in Catzenellenbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhain et Nidda, etc. Palativm Novis Pictvris illustratum carmen

dicatum à Petro Pagano Poe͏̈ta Laureato

THE NATURAL AND ORTHOGONAL INTERACTION (NOIA) MODELS FOR QUANTITATIVE TRAITS (QTs) AND COMPLEX DISEASES

My dissertation focuses on developing methods for gene-gene/environment interactions and imprinting effect detections for human complex diseases and quantitative traits. It includes three sections: (1) generalizing the Natural and Orthogonal interaction (NOIA) model for the coding technique originally developed for gene-gene (GxG) interaction and also to reduced models; (2) developing a novel statistical approach that allows for modeling gene-environment (GxE) interactions influencing disease risk, and (3) developing a statistical approach for modeling genetic variants displaying parent-of-origin effects (POEs), such as imprinting. In the past decade, genetic researchers have identified a large number of causal variants for human genetic diseases and traits by single-locus analysis, and interaction has now become a hot topic in the effort to search for the complex network between multiple genes or environmental exposures contributing to the outcome. Epistasis, also known as gene-gene interaction is the departure from additive genetic effects from several genes to a trait, which means that the same alleles of one gene could display different genetic effects under different genetic backgrounds. In this study, we propose to implement the NOIA model for association studies along with interaction for human complex traits and diseases. We compare the performance of the new statistical models we developed and the usual functional model by both simulation study and real data analysis. Both simulation and real data analysis revealed higher power of the NOIA GxG interaction model for detecting both main genetic effects and interaction effects. Through application on a melanoma dataset, we confirmed the previously identified significant regions for melanoma risk at 15q13.1, 16q24.3 and 9p21.3. We also identified potential interactions with these significant regions that contribute to melanoma risk. Based on the NOIA model, we developed a novel statistical approach that allows us to model effects from a genetic factor and binary environmental exposure that are jointly influencing disease risk. Both simulation and real data analyses revealed higher power of the NOIA model for detecting both main genetic effects and interaction effects for both quantitative and binary traits. We also found that estimates of the parameters from logistic regression for binary traits are no longer statistically uncorrelated under the alternative model when there is an association. Applying our novel approach to a lung cancer dataset, we confirmed four SNPs in 5p15 and 15q25 region to be significantly associated with lung cancer risk in Caucasians population: rs2736100, rs402710, rs16969968 and rs8034191. We also validated that rs16969968 and rs8034191 in 15q25 region are significantly interacting with smoking in Caucasian population. Our approach identified the potential interactions of SNP rs2256543 in 6p21 with smoking on contributing to lung cancer risk. Genetic imprinting is the most well-known cause for parent-of-origin effect (POE) whereby a gene is differentially expressed depending on the parental origin of the same alleles. Genetic imprinting affects several human disorders, including diabetes, breast cancer, alcoholism, and obesity. This phenomenon has been shown to be important for normal embryonic development in mammals. Traditional association approaches ignore this important genetic phenomenon. In this study, we propose a NOIA framework for a single locus association study that estimates both main allelic effects and POEs. We develop statistical (Stat-POE) and functional (Func-POE) models, and demonstrate conditions for orthogonality of the Stat-POE model. We conducted simulations for both quantitative and qualitative traits to evaluate the performance of the statistical and functional models with different levels of POEs. Our results showed that the newly proposed Stat-POE model, which ensures orthogonality of variance components if Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) or equal minor and major allele frequencies is satisfied, had greater power for detecting the main allelic additive effect than a Func-POE model, which codes according to allelic substitutions, for both quantitative and qualitative traits. The power for detecting the POE was the same for the Stat-POE and Func-POE models under HWE for quantitative traits.

Pollen records and age determinations from 2 profiles at Lake Nikolay, Lena Delta

Radiocarbon-dated pollen, rhizopod, chironomid and total organic carbon (TOC) records from Nikolay Lake (73°20'N, 124°12'E) and a pollen record from a nearby peat sequence are used for a detailed environmental reconstruction of the Holocene in the Lena Delta area. Shrubby Alnus fruticosa and Betula exilis tundra existed during 10,300-4800 cal. yr BP and gradually disappeared after that time. Climate reconstructions based on the pollen and chironomid records suggest that the climate during ca. 10,300-9200 cal. yr BP was up to 2-3 °C warmer than the present day. Pollen-based reconstructions show that the climate was relatively warm during 9200-6000 cal. yr BP and rather unstable between ca. 5800-3700 cal. yr BP. Both the qualitative interpretation of pollen data and the results of quantitative reconstruction indicate that climate and vegetation became similar to modern-day conditions after ca. 3600 cal. yr BP. The chironomid-based temperature reconstruction suggests a relatively warm period between ca. 2300 and 1400 cal. yr BP, which corresponds to the slightly warmer climate conditions reconstructed from the pollen. Modern chironomid and rhizopod assemblages were established after ca. 1400 cal. yr BP.

Pollen profiles from 8 sediment cores from the Degersee, Southern Germany

The discovery of a neolithic pile field in the shallow water near the eastern shore of the Degersee confirmed earlier palynological and sedimentological studies stating that early man was active in the region since more than 6000 years. The already available off-site data were freshly assessed, completed by additional data from old and new cores and the interpretations revised. A common time scale for the off-site data and the on-site data was obtained by AMS dating of terrestrial macro remains of the neolithic section of off-site core De_I+De_H. The ages can thus be parallelled with AMS ages of construction timber on-site. Pollen analyses from all cores provide a further time scale. The continuously and densely sampled pollen profile of the profundal zone embracing the entire Late glacial and Holocene serves as a reference. From the Boreal onwards the relative ages are transformed by AMS ages and varve counts into calibrated and absolute. A transect cored close to the neolithic pile field across the lake marl-platform demonstrates its geological architecture in the shallow water since the Lateglacial. Studies of the microfabric of thin sections of drilled cores and of box cores from the excavations demonstrate that neolithic settlements now at 2-3,5 m water depth had been erected on lake marl freshly fallen dry, thus indicating earlier lake levels dropped by 1.5-2 m. The neolithic section of the highly resolved off-site profile in the lake=s profundal zone has laminated and calcareous zones alternating with massive ones. Assemblages of diatoms and concentrations of trace elements changing simultaneously characterise the calcareous sections as deposits of low lake levels that lasted between some 40 and more than 300 years. The ages of discovered lake shore dwellings fall into calcareous segments with low lake levels. From the end of the Upper Atlantic period (F VII) appear Secondary Forest Cycles in the beech forest, a man-made sequence of repeated vegetational development with an identical pattern: With a decrease of beech pollen appear pollen of grasses, herbs and cultural indicators. These are suppressed by the light demanding hazel and birch, those again by ash, and finally by the shade demanding beech forming a new pollen peak. Seven main Forest Cycles are identified In the upper Neolithic period each comprising some 250, 450 or 800 years. They are subdivided into subcycles that can be broken down by very dense sampling in even shorter cycles of decadal length. Farming settlers have caused minor patchy clearances of the beech-mixed-forest with the use of fire. The phases of clearance coincide with peaks of charcoal and low stands of the lake levels. The Secondary Forest Cycles and the continuous occurrence of charcoal prove a continued occupation of the region. Together with the repeated restoration of the beech climax forest they point to pulsating occupation probably associated with dynamic demography. The synchronism of the many palynological, sedimentological and archaeological data point to an external forcing as the climate that affects comprehensively all these proxies. The fluctuations of the activity of the sun as manifested in the residual d14C go largely along with the proxies. The initial clearances at the begin of the forest cycles are linked to low lake levels and negative values of d14C that point to dry and warm phases of a more continental climate type. The subcycles exist independent from climatic changes, indicating that early man acted largely independent from external forces.

Pollen records of the Bykovsky Peninsula

New pollen and radiocarbon data from the Bykovsky Peninsula document the Late Pleistocene and Holocene environmental history of the Laptev Sea coast. More than 60 AMS-14C and conventional 14C dates indicate that the deposits accumulated during the last 60,000 radiocarbon yr BP. High concentration of green alga colonies (Pediustrum and Botryococcus) in the investigated sediment show that sedimentation was mostly in shallow water environments. Scarce grass and sedge communities dominated the vegetation 53-60 kyr BP. Climate was cold and dry. Open Poaceae and Cypcraccae associations with Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Cichoriaceac, dominated in the area about 48-42.5 kyr BP. Steppic communities with Artemisia and shrubby tundra communities with Salix and Betula sect. Nanae were also present. Climate was dry, but relatively warm. Vegetation cover became denser about 42.5-33.5 kyr BP, reflecting more favorable climate conditions. Scarce Poaceae communities with some Caryophyllaceae, Asteraceae, Cichoriaceae, and Selaginella rupestris covered the Bykovsky Peninsula area during the Sartan (Late Weichselian) stage about 26-16 kyr BP. Disturbed, uncovered soils were very common in the area. Climate was extremely cold and dry. Poaceae and Cyperaceae associations with Caryophyllaceae, Asteraceae, Cichoriaceae dominated the vegetation in the late Sartan, ca 16-12.2 kyr BP. Climate was significantly warmer than in the early Sartan time. The lee Complex sedimentation was interrupted about 12 kyr BP; most likely it was connected with the beginning of the Allerod warnring. Shrubby (Betula sect. Nanae, Alnusfnuicosa, Salix, Ericales) tundra was widely distributed on the Bykovsky Peninsula during the early-middle Holacene. Climate was most favorable between 8200 and 4500 yr BP. Vegetation became similar to modern after 4500 yr BP, suggesting a deterioration of climate.

Palynology and radiocarbon dating on sediment profile PG1756 from Lake Billyakh, NE Siberia, Russia

In this study a radiocarbon-dated pollen record from Lake Billyakh (65°17'N, 126°47'E; 340 m a.s.l.) in the Verkhoyansk Mountains was used to reconstruct vegetation and climate change since about 15 kyr BP (1 kyr=1000 cal. yr). The pollen record and pollen-based biome reconstruction suggest that open cool steppe and grass and sedge tundra communities with Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Selaginella rupestris dominated the area from 15 to 13.5 kyr BP. On the other hand, the constant presence of Larix pollen in quantities comparable to today's values points to the constant presence of boreal deciduous conifer trees in the regional vegetation during the last glaciation. A major spread of shrub tundra communities, including birch (Betula sect. Nanae), alder (Duschekia fruticosa) and willow (Salix) species, is dated to 13.5-12.7 kyr BP, indicating a noticeable increase in precipitation toward the end of the last glaciation, particularly during the Allerød Interstadial. Between 12.7 and 11.4 kyr BP pollen percentages of herbaceous taxa rapidly increased, whereas shrub taxa percentages decreased, suggesting strengthening of the steppe communities associated with the relatively cold and dry Younger Dryas Stadial. However, the pollen data in hand indicate that Younger Dryas climate was less severe than the climate during the earlier interval from 15 to 13.5 kyr BP. The onset of the Holocene is marked in the pollen record by the highest values of shrub and lowest values of herbaceous taxa, suggesting a return of warmer and wetter conditions after 11.4 kyr BP. Percentages of tree taxa increase gradually and reach maximum values after 7 kyr BP, reflecting the spread of boreal cold deciduous and taiga forests in the region. An interval between 7 and 2 kyr BP is noticeable for the highest percentages of Scots spine (Pinus subgen. Diploxylon), spruce (Picea) and fir (Abies) pollen, indicating mid-Holocene spread of boreal forest communities in response to climate amelioration and degradation of the permafrost layer.

Pollen record and age determinations on four sites from Taymyr Peninsula, Russia

Pollen data from a Levinson-Lessing Lake sediment core (74°28'N, 98°38'E) and Cape Sabler, Taymyr Lake permafrost sequences (74°33'N, 100°32'E) reveal substantial environmental changes on the northern Taymyr Peninsula during the last c. 32 000 14C years. The continuous records confirm that a scarce steppe-like vegetation with Poaceae, Artemisia and Cyperaceae dominated c. 32 000-10 300 14C yr BP, while tundra-like vegetation with Oxyria, Ranunculaceae and Caryophyllaceae grew in wetter areas. The coldest interval occurred c. 18 000 yr BP. Lateglacial pollen data show several warming events followed by a climate deterioration c. 10 500 14C yr BP, which may correspond with the Younger Dryas. The Late Pleistocene/Holocene transition, c. 10 300-10 000 14C yr BP, is characterized by a change from the herb-dominated vegetation to shrubby tundra with Betula sect. Nanae and Salix. Alnus fruticosa arrived locally c. 9000-8500 14C yr BP and disappeared c. 4000-3500 14C yr BP. Communities of Betula sect. Nanae, broadly distributed at c. 10 000-3500 14C yr BP, almost disappeared when vegetation became similar to the modern herb tundra after 3500-3000 14C yr BP. Quantitative climate reconstructions show Last Glacial Maximum summer temperature about 4°C below the present and Preboreal (c. 10 000 14C yr BP) temperature 2-4°C above the present. Maximum summer temperature occurred between 10 000 and 5500 14C yr BP; later summers were similar to present or slightly warmer.

A semiótica dos textos de terror : O discurso que provoca o medo

O trabalho a ser apresentado neste evento é fruto da pesquisa de doutorado da participante, que analisa os oito livros de terror mais vendidos no Brasil, no período de 1980 a 2007. O suporte teórico metodológico que sustenta as análises do corpus é a semiótica greimasiana. Seu objetivo é expor como o discurso se configura, provocando o efeito de sentido do medo nos textos. Para definir o terror, utiliza-se a teoria de Lovecraft (2008), segundo a qual o gênero se manifesta quando um elemento sobrenatural aparece no mundo real, causando medo. Nao há convivência de dois mundos, mas apenas existe o mundo real, com o sobrenatural inserido nele. Nesta vertente da literatura do medo, os textos sao configurados seguindo uma linha discursiva semelhante, conforme analisa a teoria semiótica, com temas, figuras e estruturas que confluem para o seguinte foco: provocar o medo no leitor. Atualmente, a literatura de terror tem conquistado um espaço cada vez maior no mercado editorial brasileiro. Entre tantos conceitos que a permeiam, é preciso considerar que, na medida em que o texto literário se apodera destes temores, demonstra o alerta, a denúncia, proporcionando o alívio da tensao cotidiana do ser humano que, ao pegar uma obra, coloca-se na funçao social de leitor. Esta é uma das hipóteses que justificam a grande vendagem atual de obras de terror. Segundo Bordini (1987), as histórias de terror definem-se pelo efeito irracional que produzem sobre o leitor. E incumbência da semiótica mostrar como este efeito irracional é transformado em discurso. Para este evento, propoe-se definir o terror, situando-o numa linha em que atuaram escritores como Edgar Allan Poe (1840) e Hawthorne (1851), e explicitar como o discurso deste tipo de literatura se configura, fazendo com que o efeito de sentido do medo saia das folhas do livro e atinja seu leitor

Autómatas y automatismos en la narrativa rioplatense reciente

En este artículo se analiza la figura del autómata en la narrativa rioplatense reciente, a partir de los escritos ensayísticos de Edgar Allan Poe y de Lewis Mumford entre otros. Lejos del ideal romántico de progreso indefinido, la figura del autómata concentra un conjunto de ideas contradictorias sobre el sujeto, la sexualidad, el conocimiento científico, la creación y las costumbres sociales adquiridas y no; se trata de un conjunto de ideas que han sido exploradas tanto por el psicoanálisis como por el surrealismo francés y que ciertos textos de la escena literaria contemporánea ponen singularmente en foco

La literatura criminal : Viajes de ida y de vuelta

Los géneros literarios se constituyen a través de prácticas hipertextuales. El caso del género criminal tanto en España como en Hispanoamérica no es menos. Aunque nace con conciencia de género gracias a las primeras creaciones de Edgar Allan Poe, llega a la lengua hispana para establecerse y transculturalizarse sobre la base de las propias tradiciones autóctonas. A partir de las relaciones entre los escritores de ambos continentes, el género va a desarrollarse en las dos últimas décadas con un hibridismo y dinamismo que, sin ese movimiento, no sería posible. En esta ponencia se analizarán así las incursiones de novelas criminales que traspasan el océano en viajes de ida y de vuelta. Así, estudiaré los viajes del detective hispano Pepe Carvalho a Buenos Aires y México, pero también las investigaciones ficticias -metalépticas y póstumas- de Vázquez Montalbán en Muertos incómodos del Subcomandante Marcos y de Taibo II. Para, en segundo lugar, analizar de qué forma la literatura criminal hispanoamericana llega a España, centrándome en las novelas y otros textos narrativos de Raúl Argemí, que tratan temas de acá, para dejar sus huellas argentinas allá, desde la perspectiva de este congreso, detrás del charco.

A semiótica dos textos de terror : O discurso que provoca o medo

O trabalho a ser apresentado neste evento é fruto da pesquisa de doutorado da participante, que analisa os oito livros de terror mais vendidos no Brasil, no período de 1980 a 2007. O suporte teórico metodológico que sustenta as análises do corpus é a semiótica greimasiana. Seu objetivo é expor como o discurso se configura, provocando o efeito de sentido do medo nos textos. Para definir o terror, utiliza-se a teoria de Lovecraft (2008), segundo a qual o gênero se manifesta quando um elemento sobrenatural aparece no mundo real, causando medo. Nao há convivência de dois mundos, mas apenas existe o mundo real, com o sobrenatural inserido nele. Nesta vertente da literatura do medo, os textos sao configurados seguindo uma linha discursiva semelhante, conforme analisa a teoria semiótica, com temas, figuras e estruturas que confluem para o seguinte foco: provocar o medo no leitor. Atualmente, a literatura de terror tem conquistado um espaço cada vez maior no mercado editorial brasileiro. Entre tantos conceitos que a permeiam, é preciso considerar que, na medida em que o texto literário se apodera destes temores, demonstra o alerta, a denúncia, proporcionando o alívio da tensao cotidiana do ser humano que, ao pegar uma obra, coloca-se na funçao social de leitor. Esta é uma das hipóteses que justificam a grande vendagem atual de obras de terror. Segundo Bordini (1987), as histórias de terror definem-se pelo efeito irracional que produzem sobre o leitor. E incumbência da semiótica mostrar como este efeito irracional é transformado em discurso. Para este evento, propoe-se definir o terror, situando-o numa linha em que atuaram escritores como Edgar Allan Poe (1840) e Hawthorne (1851), e explicitar como o discurso deste tipo de literatura se configura, fazendo com que o efeito de sentido do medo saia das folhas do livro e atinja seu leitor

Autómatas y automatismos en la narrativa rioplatense reciente

En este artículo se analiza la figura del autómata en la narrativa rioplatense reciente, a partir de los escritos ensayísticos de Edgar Allan Poe y de Lewis Mumford entre otros. Lejos del ideal romántico de progreso indefinido, la figura del autómata concentra un conjunto de ideas contradictorias sobre el sujeto, la sexualidad, el conocimiento científico, la creación y las costumbres sociales adquiridas y no; se trata de un conjunto de ideas que han sido exploradas tanto por el psicoanálisis como por el surrealismo francés y que ciertos textos de la escena literaria contemporánea ponen singularmente en foco