Étude du livre de Daniel Lerner "The passing of traditional society: modernizing the Middle East" et de sa réception par la communauté scientifique

Cette étude a pour but de mettre en contexte la thèse de la modernisation psychique de Daniel Lerner, de faire une analyse interne de l’ouvrage et d’étudier sa réception par les sociologues de l’époque. Comme démarche de recherche, dans un premier temps, nous replacerons l’ouvrage dans la situation historique des deux premières décennies de la guerre froide (les années 50 et 60). Ce faisant, nous tenterons de comprendre la logique de la politique de développement des États-Unis à l’endroit des pays en voie de développement et la place des recherches universitaires dans la politique coloniale américaine. L’approche du développement exogène a largement inspiré les politiques étrangères des pays occidentaux et leurs efforts pour lancer le développement des pays plus nécessiteux. C’est pour cela que Lerner se concentre sur l’effet des médias américains, et surtout du Voice of America, pour analyser le rôle que ceux-ci jouent dans le processus de transformation de la personnalité. Pour aborder cette étape de la recherche, nous devrons comprendre davantage le contexte de l’ouvrage et mieux analyser la relation entre les facteurs externes et les éléments internes qui ont influencé la formation de l’ouvrage. Dans un deuxième temps, nous étudierons l’ouvrage de Lerner et nous discuterons des différents aspects relatifs aux changements sociaux que l’ouvrage a examinés. Dans notre analyse de l’ouvrage, nous critiquerons divers aspects de la pensée sociologique de Lerner et sa manière d’interpréter les faits sociaux et les statistiques. Dans un troisième temps, nous réviserons la réception de l’ouvrage par la communauté scientifique de son époque pour obtenir une large vision de la place de l’oeuvre dans l’histoire de la pensée sociologique américaine du développement. Nous établirons une catégorisation des recensions de l’ouvrage portant sur l’approche sociologique de Lerner et nous mettrons ces recensions dans l’éclairage des champs de recherches universitaires américaines. Nous nous concentrerons sur la réception de cette théorie chez les sociologues de l’époque pour comprendre la dialectique entre la thèse qui y est défendue et la société. Ce faisant, nous éviterons de nous éloigner de la sociologie comme étant la discipline de l’étude des liens sociaux et des interactions symboliques et nous éviterons de réduire notre démarche sociologique à une simple étude historique des idées. En gros, nous discuterons de la vision sociologique de l’auteur, de la façon dont son ouvrage a été formé au fil du temps et comment il a été influencé par l’esprit de son époque. De plus, nous verrons comment l’écrivain s’est nourri des théories sociologiques et à quel point il a influencé la pensée sociologique de son temps. Tout cela, en parallèle à l’analyse interne de l’ouvrage, nous permettra de saisir la place de «The Passing of Traditional Society» dans la pensée sociologique américaine. Cette recherche nous aidera à mieux comprendre la vision américaine de l’empathie en tant qu’un élément modernisateur, par rapport à la question du développement dans le contexte historique de l’époque. Cette compréhension nous mènera à approfondir notre analyse des programmes de développement des États-Unis dans le monde en voie du développement. Cette étude nous amènera aussi à élargir notre vision quant aux idées construites et formées dans leur contexte historique (en général) et à découvrir comment la communauté scientifique reste toujours en parti prisonnière de son contexte historique. Cette étude nous permettra de mieux voir les idées (le texte) en relation avec la société, ce qui est vital pour ne pas tomber dans la réduction des idées seulement au texte ou seulement au contexte. En outre, elle nous aidera à comprendre davantage la façon dont la société intervient dans la formation des idées et comment en retour les idées influencent la société.

Using Quantitative Methods to Explore Political Leverage, Trade Policy, and Food Security: A Case Study of the Middle East

This dissertation explores why some states consistently secure food imports at prices higher than the world market price, thereby exacerbating food insecurity domestically. I challenge the idea that free market economics alone can explain these trade behaviors, and instead argue that states take into account political considerations when engaging in food trade that results in inefficient trade. In particular, states that are dependent on imports of staple food products, like cereals, are wary of the potential strategic value of these goods to exporters. I argue that this consideration, combined with the importing state’s ability to mitigate that risk through its own forms of political or economic leverage, will shape the behavior of the importing state and contribute to its potential for food security. In addition to cross-national analyses, I use case studies of the Gulf Cooperation Council states and Jordan to demonstrate how the political tools available to these importers affect their food security. The results of my analyses suggest that when import dependent states have access to forms of political leverage, they are more likely to trade efficiently, thereby increasing their potential for food security.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in two returning travellers in the Netherlands, May 2014

Two patients, returning to the Netherlands from pilgrimage in Medina and Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were diagnosed with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in May 2014. The source and mode of transmission have not yet been determined. Hospital-acquired infection and community-acquired infection are both possible.

The role of culture in knowledge management : the case of developing economies

This paper explores the role of culture in Knowledge Management (KM) through a spectrum of cultural and institutional perspectives. The case studies cover a wide range of countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America as well as transition economies of the former socialist countries in Eastern Europe. The paper demonstrates how knowledge management processes and practices are influenced by local culture and institutions as well as interaction with the broader international community.

A multi-genome analysis approach enables tracking of the invasion of a single Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) clone throughout the New World

This study investigated the population genetics, demographic history and pathway of invasion of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) from its native range in Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe to South Africa and the Americas. We screened microsatellite markers, mitochondrial DNA and endosymbiont genes in 504 RWA clones from nineteen populations worldwide. Following pathway analyses of microsatellite and endosymbiont data, we postulate that Turkey and Syria were the most likely sources of invasion to Kenya and South Africa, respectively. Furthermore, we found that one clone transferred between South Africa and the Americas was most likely responsible for the New World invasion. Finally, endosymbiont DNA was found to be a high resolution population genetic marker, extremely useful for studies of invasion over a relatively short evolutionary history time frame. This study has provided valuable insights into the factors that may have facilitated the recent global invasion by this damaging pest.

World agriculture outlook & situation /

Title varies slightly.

The Allelic Abundance of Afghanistan, a Pool for West and South Eurasian Genes and a Blockade against Eastern Admixture

In this study, I divided samples from individuals within Afghanistan based upon geography (i.e., north versus south). I determined allelic frequencies and other statistical parameters for 15 STR loci (i.e., D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, Dl3S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, and FGA). I conducted pairwise comparisons with 19 neighboring Eurasian populations to assign Gstatistics and p-values. Categorizing the populations into five groups (i.e., Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the Caucasus/Anatolia), I derived values for intra-population, inter-population, and total variance. Admixture analyses determined the highest allelic contributions to be from the Caucasus/ Anatolia, while negligible contributions were made by Central Asia and East Asia. A Correspondence Analysis revealed clustering of both northern and southern Afghanistan with Georgia, Turkey, northern Iran, and southern Iran of the Caucasus/ Anatolia and the Middle East. A Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed to generate bootstrap values over 1, 000 reiterations.

Evidence for Permo-Triassic collision in Far East Asia: The Korean collisional orogen

Eclogites from paragneiss in the Korean Peninsula are characterized by a peak pressure assemblage of garnet + omphacite + quartz + rutile, that is overprinted by multiphase symplectites involving augite, amphibole, orthopyroxene, ilmenite and plagioclase and by a similar high-pressure assemblage with a pronounced absence of the omphacite component in clinopyroxene formed during the peak and orthopyroxene in the retrograde stage. Eclogites were metamorphosed at a minimum pressures of not, vert, similar 20–23 kbar at temperatures of not, vert, similar 840–1000 °C, equivalent to a crustal depth of not, vert, similar 70–75 km, whereas high-pressure granulite in Late Paleozoic rocks underwent metamorphic conditions of not, vert, similar 18–19 kbar at not, vert, similar 950 °C with a minimum crustal depth of not, vert, similar 60–65 km. The presence of the eclogites and high-pressure granulite suggests deep-seated subduction of crustal complexes with metamorphism at different crustal levels. The eclogites were exhumed quickly resulting in near- isothermal decompression. On the other hand, the multistage exhumation of the high-pressure granulites suggests retrograde overprinting after initial decompression. The similarity of these petrological characteristics, metamorphic conditions and also the regional structural styles with those of the Sulu belt (China) strongly suggests the existence of a Permo-Triassic Alpine-type “Korean collision belt” in Far East Asia. This model provides a better understanding of the paleogeograpic evolution of Permo-Triassic East Asia, including a robust tectonic correlation of the Korean collision belt with the Qinling–Dabie–Sulu collision belt.

Improving mental health among people living with HIV: a review of intervention trials in low- and middle-income countries.

People living with HIV (PLWH) experience greater psychological distress than the general population. Evidence from high-incomes countries suggests that psychological interventions for PLWH can improve mental health symptoms, quality of life, and HIV care engagement. However, little is known about the effectiveness of mental health interventions for PLWH in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the large majority of PLWH reside. This systematized review aims to synthesize findings from mental health intervention trials with PLWH in LMICs to inform the delivery of mental health services in these settings. A systematic search strategy was undertaken to identify peer-reviewed published papers of intervention trials addressing negative psychological states or disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety) among PLWH in LMIC settings. Search results were assessed against pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from papers meeting criteria were extracted for synthesis. Twenty-six papers, published between 2000 and 2014, describing 22 unique interventions were identified. Trials were implemented in sub-Saharan Africa (n=13), Asia (n=7), and the Middle East (n=2), and addressed mental health using a variety of approaches, including cognitive-behavioral (n=18), family-level (n=2), and pharmacological (n=2) treatments. Four randomized controlled trials reported significant intervention effects in mental health outcomes, and eleven preliminary studies demonstrated promising findings. Among the limited mental health intervention trials with PLWH in LMICs, few demonstrated efficacy. Mental health interventions for PLWH in LMICs must be further developed and adapted for resource-limited settings to improve effectiveness.

E-commerce environment and trade promotion for Latin America: policy implications from East Asian and advanced economies' experiences

Includes bibliography

East Asia, ca. 1749 (Image 1 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Tartariae Sinensis mappa geographica : ex Tabulis specialibus RRPP Iesuitarum nec non Relationibus R.P. Gerbillon, per Dom d'Anville, ... primum A° 1732 nunc se ; nunc secundum LL. projectionis stereographicae in usum translationis Germanicae Historiae Sinens. Haldianae descripta per Tobiam Mayer. It was published by Curis Homannianorum Heredum ca. 1749. Scale [ca 1:5,250,000]. This layer is image 1 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map, representing the western portion of the map. Covers a portion of East Asia including North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, and portions of China, Russia, and Japan. Map in Latin and French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Asia North Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, roads, shoreline features, the Great Wall of China, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Includes notes.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

East Asia, ca. 1749 (Image 2 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Tartariae Sinensis mappa geographica : ex Tabulis specialibus RRPP Iesuitarum nec non Relationibus R.P. Gerbillon, per Dom d'Anville, ... primum A° 1732 nunc se ; nunc secundum LL. projectionis stereographicae in usum translationis Germanicae Historiae Sinens. Haldianae descripta per Tobiam Mayer. It was published by Curis Homannianorum Heredum ca. 1749. Scale [ca 1:5,250,000]. This layer is image 2 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map, representing the eastern portion of the map. Covers a portion of East Asia including North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, and portions of China, Russia, and Japan. Map in Latin and French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Asia North Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, roads, shoreline features, the Great Wall of China, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Includes notes.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

East Asia, 1840 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of China : compiled from original surveys and sketches, by James Wyld. It was published by Jas. Wyld in 1840. Scale [ca. 1:15,000,000]. Covers East Asia including portion of China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Burma, and India.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Asia North Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial and administrative boundaries, roads, the Great Wall of China, shoreline features, districts of trade and production, and more. Includes notes.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.