Increased spinal pain sensitization : a new explanation for highly prevalent painful somatic symptoms in major depressive disorder?

Objectifs: Malgré que les patients souffrant de dépression majeure (DM) rapportent souvent des symptômes douloureux, la relation entre la douleur et la dépression n’est pas encore claire. Ce n’est que récemment que des études employant des paradigmes de sommation temporelle ont pu offrir une explication préliminaire de la cooccurrence de la douleur et de la dépression. Notre étude vise à évaluer la contribution des procédés spinaux et surpraspinaux dans la sensibilisation de la douleur dans la DM en utilisant un paradigme de sommation temporelle. Participants : Treize sujets sains et quatorze patients souffrant de DM ont été inclues dans l’analyse finale. Méthodes : Pour induire une sommation temporelle, nous avons utilisé des stimulations intermittentes du nerf sural de basses et hautes fréquences. La sensibilisation spinale de la douleur a été quantifiée en mesurant la variation de l’amplitude du réflex de retrait nociceptif (NFR) entre les deux conditions de stimulations, ainsi que la sensibilisation supraspinale de la douleur a été obtenue en mesurant le changement dans l’appréciation verbale de la douleur entre ces deux conditions. Résultats : Nous avons observé une sensibilisation plus élevée de la réponse NFR chez les patients dépressifs durant la condition de stimulation à haute fréquence, un effet qui n’a pas été reflété par une sensibilisation amplifiée des appréciations subjectives de la douleur durant l’expérience. Néanmoins, nous avons observé une association entre la sensibilisation spinale et les symptômes somatiques douloureux chez les patients DM. Conclusion : Ces résultats suggèrent une sensibilisation spinale amplifiée dans la DM, ce qui pourrait expliquer la prévalence élevée des symptômes somatiques douloureux chez ces patients.

The predictive role of parenting practices and family functioning on the core symptoms of ADHD

Cette étude vise à examiner la relation entre les pratiques parentales utilisées durant la période de l'enfance et les dimensions principales du du trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH) à l'adolescence, soit l’inattention, l’hyperactivité et l’impulsivité. Les pratiques spécifiques parentales (engagement, pratiques parentales appropriée, supervision, punitions corporelles, discipline appropriée, discipline sévère et incohérente, discipline verbale positive, félicitations et récompenses, et les attentes claires) et les aspects du fonctionnement familial (communication, résolution de problèmes, rôles dans la famille, sensibilité affective, engagement affectif, contrôle comportemental) ont été examinés par rapport à l'inattention et d'hyperactivité. Trente-six enfants de 6 à 9 ans et leurs parents ont participé à une étude longitudinale de 5 ans. Il y a un manque d'études longitudinales dans ce domaine et cette étude vise à combler cette lacune. Les résultats ne montrent pas de résultats significatifs dans la relation entre les pratiques parentales utilisées dans l'enfance et les symptômes principaux de l'hyperactivité et l'inattention à l'adolescence. Les études futures devraient se concentrer sur la relation entre la psychopathologie parentale et les principaux symptômes du TDAH de l'enfance à l'adolescence, ainsi que l'impact des pratiques parentales sur ces principaux symptômes.

Prediction of Key Symptoms of Learning Disabilities in School-Age Children Using Rough Sets

This paper highlights the prediction of learning disabilities (LD) in school-age children using rough set theory (RST) with an emphasis on application of data mining. In rough sets, data analysis start from a data table called an information system, which contains data about objects of interest, characterized in terms of attributes. These attributes consist of the properties of learning disabilities. By finding the relationship between these attributes, the redundant attributes can be eliminated and core attributes determined. Also, rule mining is performed in rough sets using the algorithm LEM1. The prediction of LD is accurately done by using Rosetta, the rough set tool kit for analysis of data. The result obtained from this study is compared with the output of a similar study conducted by us using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Sequential Minimal Optimisation (SMO) algorithm. It is found that, using the concepts of reduct and global covering, we can easily predict the learning disabilities in children

Symptoms and causes of poverty in a rural Vietnamese commune: Does ethnicity matter?

This study uses data from a sample survey of 200 households drawn from a mountainous commune in Vietnam’s North Central Coast region to measure and explain relative poverty. Principal components analysis is used to construct a multidimensional index of poverty outcomes from variables measuring household income and the value of domestic assets. This index of poverty is then regressed on likely causes of poverty including different forms of resource endowment and social exclusion defined by gender and ethnicity. The ordinary least squares estimates indicate that poverty is indeed influenced by ethnicity, partly through its interaction with social capital. However, poverty is most strongly affected by differences in human and social capital. Differences in the amount of livestock and high quality farmland owned also matter. Thai households are poorer than their Kinh counterparts even when endowed with the same levels of human, social, physical and natural capital considered in the study. This empirical result provides a rationale for further research on the causal relationship between ethnicity and poverty outcomes.

Self-concept, self-esteem and psychopathological symptoms. 'Autoconcepto, autoestima y s??ntomas psicopatol??gicos'

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Association between clinically important depressive symptoms and academic achivement among students in Cartagena, Colombia

Background: Some studies show a strong association between depressive symptoms and academic achievement in the adolescent population. However, there are few Colombian publications about this topic. Objective: To establish the association between clinically important depressive symptoms and academic achievement among low socioeconomic status adolescent students. Method: A group of 13 to 17 year-aged adolescents was studied. Meaningful clinically depressive symptoms were measured with Zung’ self-rating depression scale (40/80). Academic achievement was evaluated according to Colombian qualitative model. Results: A total of 43.5% of students reported clinically important depressive symptoms and 30.7% accomplished a poor academic achievement, according to teacher report. The academic achievement was independent of meaningful clinically depressive symptoms, after controlling other variables. Conclusion: Meaningful clinically depressive symptoms are frequent in low socioeconomic status adolescent students. But, meaningful clinically depressive symptoms are not associated with academic performance. Further investigations are needed.

La familia del paciente en Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI)

Introducción: Ingresar a la UCI no es una experiencia exclusiva del paciente; implica e involucra directamente a la familia, en aspectos generadores de estrés, estrategias de afrontamiento, temores, actitudes y expectativas, la participación de la familia en el cuidado y el rol del psicólogo. Objetivo: Revisar de los antecedentes teóricos y empíricos sobre la experiencia de la familia en UCI. Metodología: Se revisaron 62 artículos indexados en bases de datos. Resultados: la UCI es algo desconocido tanto para el paciente como para la familia, por esto este entorno acentúa la aparición de síntomas ansiosos, depresivos y en algunos casos estrés post traumático. La muerte es uno de los principales temores que debe enfrentar la familia. Con el propósito de ajustarse a las demandas de la UCI, los familiares exhiben estrategias de afrontamiento enfocadas principalmente en la comunicación, el soporte espiritual y religioso y la toma de decisiones. El cuidado centrado en la familia permite una mejor comunicación, relación con el paciente y personal médico. El papel del psicólogo es poco explorado en el espacio de la UCI, pero este puede promover estrategias de prevención y de rehabilitación en el paciente y su grupo familiar. Discusión: es importante tener en cuenta que la muerte en UCI es una posibilidad, algunos síntomas como ansiedad, depresión pueden aparecer y mantenerse en el tiempo, centrar el cuidado en la familia permite tomar las decisiones basados en el diagnóstico y pronóstico y promueve expectativas realistas. Conclusiones: temores, expectativas, actitudes, estrategias de afrontamiento, factores generadores de estrés permiten explicar y comprender la experiencia de la familia del paciente en UCI.

Influence of the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and comorbid disorders on functioning in adulthood

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Symptoms of imbalance associated with cervical spine pathology

The goals of the present study are: to determine the prevalence of dizziness or imbalance in a population of patients with cervical-spine pathology as compared to that in the general population; to determine correlations between cervical spinal pathology and symptoms of dizziness or imbalance.

Evaluation of noise levels experienced by medically fragile neonates during emergency helicopter transport

There was a concern medically fragile infants may be exposed to high noise levels during emergency helicopter transport. This study had been initiated in 2007. Data was collected using a Larson Davis noise dosimeter. The purpose of this study was to collect additional data to evaluate the noise exposure experienced by medically fragile neonates during emergency transport via helicopter inbound/outbound of St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO. The results suggested neonates may be exposed to noise levels ranging 85 to 95 dBA during transport. These high noise exposures may pose a risk to hearing.

The significance of "nonsignificance" in randomized controlled studies: a discussion inspired by a double-blinded study on St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) for premenstrual symptoms

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of St. John's wort extract (SJW) as a treatment for premenstrual symptoms. Design: The study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, with two parallel treatment groups. After a no-treatment baseline cycle, volunteers were randomized to either SJW or placebo for a further two menstrual cycles. Settings/location: A postal trial conducted from The University of Reading, Berkshire, England. Subjects: One hundred and sixty-nine (169) normally menstruating women who experienced recurrent premenstrual symptoms were recruited onto the study. One hundred and twenty-five (125) completed the protocol and were included in the analysis. Interventions: Six hundred milligrams (600) mg of SJW (standardized to contain 1800 mug of hypericin) or placebo (containing lactose and cellulose). Outcome measure: A menstrual diary was used to assess changes in premenstrual symptoms. The anxiety-related subgroup of symptoms of this instrument was used as the primary outcome measure. Results: After averaging the effects of treatment over both treatment cycles it was found that there was a trend for SJW to be superior to placebo. However, this finding was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The possibility that this nonsignificant finding resulted from insufficient statistical power in the study, rather than a lack of efficacy of SJW, is discussed. Following this discussion the recommendation is made that, in future, similar studies should be powered to detect a minimum clinically relevant difference between treatments.