La familia del paciente en Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI)


Autoria(s): Tarquino Díaz, Larry Julián
Contribuinte(s)

Palacios Espinosa, Ximena

Data(s)

09/12/2013

Resumo

Introducción: Ingresar a la UCI no es una experiencia exclusiva del paciente; implica e involucra directamente a la familia, en aspectos generadores de estrés, estrategias de afrontamiento, temores, actitudes y expectativas, la participación de la familia en el cuidado y el rol del psicólogo. Objetivo: Revisar de los antecedentes teóricos y empíricos sobre la experiencia de la familia en UCI. Metodología: Se revisaron 62 artículos indexados en bases de datos. Resultados: la UCI es algo desconocido tanto para el paciente como para la familia, por esto este entorno acentúa la aparición de síntomas ansiosos, depresivos y en algunos casos estrés post traumático. La muerte es uno de los principales temores que debe enfrentar la familia. Con el propósito de ajustarse a las demandas de la UCI, los familiares exhiben estrategias de afrontamiento enfocadas principalmente en la comunicación, el soporte espiritual y religioso y la toma de decisiones. El cuidado centrado en la familia permite una mejor comunicación, relación con el paciente y personal médico. El papel del psicólogo es poco explorado en el espacio de la UCI, pero este puede promover estrategias de prevención y de rehabilitación en el paciente y su grupo familiar. Discusión: es importante tener en cuenta que la muerte en UCI es una posibilidad, algunos síntomas como ansiedad, depresión pueden aparecer y mantenerse en el tiempo, centrar el cuidado en la familia permite tomar las decisiones basados en el diagnóstico y pronóstico y promueve expectativas realistas. Conclusiones: temores, expectativas, actitudes, estrategias de afrontamiento, factores generadores de estrés permiten explicar y comprender la experiencia de la familia del paciente en UCI.

Introduction: Joining the ICU is not exclusively a patient’s experience; it involves directly his family, in stress generator factors, confrontation strategies, fears, attitudes and expectations, families’ involvement during care and the psychologist role. Goal: To review the theoretical and empirical precedents about the family’s experience in the ICU. Methodology: 62 data base indexed articles were reviewed. Results: The ICU is an unknown place to the patient and his family, therefore this surroundings stresses the anxiety, depressive and in some cases post-traumatic stress symptoms sprout. Death is one of the main fears that the family has to endure. With the purpose to adjust themselves to the ICUs’ demands, relatives present confrontation strategies focused mainly on communication, spiritual and religious support and decision making. Care focused on family allows a better communication and treat with patient and medical staff. The role of the psychologist is hardly explored inside the ICU, but he can promote prevention and rehabilitation strategies for the patient and his relatives. Debate: It is important to take into account that death in the ICU is a possibility, some symptoms such as anxiety or depression may appear and remain for a while, to centre the care on family allows making decisions based on diagnosis and forecast, and it provides realistic expectations. Conclusions: Fears, expectations, attitudes, confrontation strategies, stress generator factors allow the explanation and comprehension of the family’s experience in the ICU.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/9613

Idioma(s)

spa

Publicador

Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud

Direitos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Fonte

instname:Universidad del Rosario

reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR

Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá. (s.f.). Ley 73 de 1988. Por la cual se adiciona la Ley 09 de 1979 y se dictan otras disposiciones en materia de donación y trasplante de órganos y componentes anatómicos para fines de trasplantes u otros usos terapéuticos. Congreso de Colombia. Recuperado el 10 de 09 de 2014, de Bogotá Juridica: http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=14524

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2003). Family-Centered Care and the Pediatrician’s Role. Pediatrics, 112(3): 691 -696. URL: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/112/3/691.full.pdf+html

Bailey, J., Sabbagh, M., Loiselle, C., Boileau, J. & Mcvey, L. (2010). Supporting families in the ICU: A descriptive correlational study of informational support, anxiety and satisfaction with care. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 26(2): 114-122. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2009.12.006

Barreto da Costa, J., Felicetti, C.R., de Macedo Costa, C.R., Miglioranza, D.C., Osaku, E.F., et al. (2010). Fatores estressantes para familiares de pacientes criticamente enfermos de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. J bras Psiquiatria, 59 (3): 182-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0047-20852010000300003

Bennun, I. (2001). Intensive Care Unit Syndrome: A Consideration of Psychological Interventions. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 54(Pt3): 369-377. DOI: 10.1348/000711201161046Bennun, I. (2001). Intensive Care Unit Syndrome: A Consideration of Psychological Interventions. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 54(Pt3): 369-377. DOI: 10.1348/000711201161046

Bedsworth, J. & Molen, M. (1982). Psychological stress in spouses of patients with myocardial infarction. Hearth and Lung , 11(4), 450-456.

Bishop, S., Walker, M. & Spivak, M. (2013). The family presence in the adult burn Intensive Care Unit during dressing changes. Critical Care Nurse, 33(1): 14-24. doi: 10.4037/ccn2013116.

Black, P., Boore, J. R. P. & Parahoo, K. (2011). The effect of a nurse-facilitated family participation in psychological care of critically ill patient. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(5): 1091-1101. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.0558.x

Bouman, C. (1984). Identifying priority concerns of families of ICU patients. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 3(5): 313-319.

Breitbart, W., Gibson, C. & Tremblay, A. (2002). The delirium experience: Delirium recall and Delirium-related distress in hospitalized patients with cancer, their spouses/caregivers, and their nurses. Psichosomatics, 43 (3): 183-194. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.43.3.183

Brazil, K., Bainbridge, D., Ploeg, J., Krueger, P., Taniguchi, A. & Marshall, D. (2012). Family caregiver views on patient-centred care at the end of life. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science, 26(3): 513-518. DOI:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00956

Brooks, R., Kerridge, R., Hillman, K., Baumann, A. & Daffurn, K. (1997). Quality of life outcomes after intensive care. Intensive Care Med, 23 (5): 581-586. DOI: 10.1007/s001340050376

Chaboyer, W; Thalib, L; Alcorn, K; & Foster, M. (2007). The effect of an ICU liaison nurse on patients and family´s anxiety prior to transfer to the ward: An intervention study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 23: 362- 369. DOI:10.1016/j.iccn.2007.04.005

Chan, K.S. & Twinn, S. (2006). An analysis of the stressors and coping strategies of Chinese adults with a partner admitted to an intensive care unit in Hong Kong: an exploratory study. Journal of Clinical Nurse, 16(1): 185-193. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01452.x

Cheng, Y.C. (2005). Caregiver Burnout: A Critical Review of the Literature. California.

Choi, J., Hoffman, L. A., Schulz, R., Ren, D., Danohe, M. P., Given, B. & Sherwood, P.R. (2013). Health Risk Behaviors InThe Family Caregivers During Patients Stay In Intensive Care Units. A pilot Analysis. American Journal of Critical Care, 22(1): 40-45. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2013830

Choi, J., Tate, J., Hoffman, L.A.,Schulz, R., Ren, D., Donahoe, M.P., Given, B. & Sherwood, PR. (2013). Fatigue in Family Caregivers of Adult Intensive Care Unit Survivors. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 48(3): 1-11. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.09.018.

Contreras Moreno, A. M. y Palacios-Espinosa, X. (2014). Contribuciones de la psicología al manejo interdisciplinario del paciente en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander. Salud, 46(1): 47-60.

Daffurn, K., Bishop, G., Hillman, K. & Bauman, A. (1994). A problems following discharge after intensive care. Intensive Crit care Nurs, 10(4): 244-251. doi:10.1016/0964-3397(94)90032-9

Davidson, J.E., Powers, K., Hedayat, K.M., Tieszen, M., Kon, A.A., Shepard, E., Spuhler, V., Todres, I.D., Levy, M., Barr, J., Ghandi, R., Hirsch, G. & Armstrong, D. (2007). Clinical practice guidelines for support of the family in the patient-centered intensive care unit . Crit Care Med, 35(2): 605-622. URL: http://www.learnicu.org/docs/guidelines/patient-centeredintensive.pdf

Davidson, J., Jones, C. & Bienvenu, J. (2012). Family Response To Critical Illness: Postintensive Care Syndrome-Family. Critical Care Medicine, 40(2): 618-625. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318236ebf9

Flodén, A., Persson, L.O., Rizell, M., Sanner, M. & Forsberg, A. (2011). Attittudes to argan donation among Swedish ICU nurses. Journal of CLinical Nursing , 20 (21-22): 3183-3195. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03756.x

Foster, M. & Chaboyer, W. (2003). Family carers of ICU survivors: A survey of the burden the experience. Nordic College of Caring Science, 17(3): 205-2014. DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-6712.2003.00230.x

Franzoi, S. (2007). Psicologia Social. En S. Franzoi, Psicologia Social (Vol. IV, pp. 167-202). México: Mc Graw Hill.

Fridh, S., Forsberg, A. & Bergbom, I. (2007). End Of Life care in intensive care units. Family routines and enviromental factors. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science, 21(1): 25-31. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00470.x

Gómez-Carretero, P., Monsalve, V., Soriano, J. y de Andrés, J. (2007). Alteraciones Emocionales y Necesidades Psicológicas de Pacientes en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Critica y Unidades Coronarias, 31(6): 318-325. URL: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0210-56912007000600006&lng=es.

Goméz-Carretero, P., Soriano, J., Monsalve, V. y de Andrés, J. (2009 ). Satisfaccion con la información: posible variable interviniente en el estado de ánimo de cuidadores primarios de pacientes críticos. Clínica y Salud, 20(1): 91-105. URL: http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/clinsa/v20n1/v20n1a08.pdf

Hupcey, J. E. (2000). Feeling safe: The psychosocial meed of ICU patients . Journal of Nursing Scolarship, 32(4): 361-367. DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2000.00361.x

Johansson, I., Hildingh, C., Wenneberg, S., Fridlund, B. & Ahlström, G. (2006). Theorical model of coping among relatives of patients n intensive care units a simultaneous concepts analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56(5): 463-471. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04040.x

Khalaila, R. (2014). Meetings the needs of patients´families in intensive care units. Nursing Standar, 28(43): 34-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.28.43.37.e8333

Kubler-Röss, E. (2000). Sobre la muerte y los moribundos. España: Grijalbo Mondadori.

Knussen, C., Tolson, D., Brogan, C., Swan, I.R.C., Stott, D.J. & Sullivan, F. (2008). Family caregivers of older relatives: ways of coping and change in distress. Psychology Health & Medicine, 13(3): 274-290. doi: 10.1080/13548500701405483

Koenig, H. G., Pargament, K. & Nielsen, J. (1998). Religious Coping and Health Status in Medically Ill Hospitalized Older Adults . The Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 186(9): 513-521. URL: http://journals.lww.com/jonmd/Abstract/1998/09000/Religious_Coping_and_Health_Status_in_Medically.1.aspx

Latour, J. (2005). Is Family-Centred Care in critical care units that difficult? A view from Europe. Nursing in Critical Care, 10 (2): 51-53. DOI: 10.1111/j.1362-1017.2005.0108b.

Lazarus, R. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.

Leske, J. S. & Jiricka, M. K. (1998). Impact of Family Demands and Family Strengths and Capabilities on Family Well-Being and Adaptation After Critical Injury. American Journal of Critical Care, 7(5): 383-392. URL http://search.proquest.com.ez.urosario.edu.co/docview/227892988?accountid=50434

Leung, N. Y. & Chow, S. K. (2012). Attitudes of healthcare staff and patients´ family members towards family presence during resucitation in adult critical care units . Journal of Critical Nursing, 21 (13-14): 2083-2093. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.04013.x

MacDougall, D.S. (2007 ). Incorporate Family Members in the Care of ICU Patients. Healthcare Professionals Network. Disponible en URL: http://www.hcplive.com/publications/internal-medicine-world-report/2007/2007-06/2007-06_35

Marosti, C. & Dantas, R. (2006 ). Relaçao entre estressores e caracteristicas sócio-demográficas de pacientes internados em uma unidade coronaria. Rev. Latino-am. Enfermagem, 14(5): 713-719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692006000500012

Martins, M.V., Gonzaga, J., Bronzato, C.H., Trevizani, M.J. & Leite, S.R. (2013). Experience of family members as a result of children's hospitalization at the Intensive Care Unit. Investigacion & Educacion En Enfermeria , 31(2): 191-200. Disponible en URL: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S012053072013000200004&script=sci_arttext

Masri, C., Farrell, C.A., Lacroix, J., Rocker, G. & Shemie, S. (2000). Decision Making and End-of-Life Care in Critically Ill Children. Journal of Palliative Care, 16(suppl): S45-S52.

Mathes, M. & Miles, M. (1991). Preparation of parents for the ICU experience: What are we missing? Child Health Care, 20(3): 132-137. DOI:10.1207/s15326888chc2003_1

Medland, J. J. & Ferrans, C. E. (1998). Effectiveness of a structured communication program for family members of patients in ICU. American Journal of Critical Care, 7(1): 24-29. URL http://search.proquest.com.ez.urosario.edu.co/docview/227899430?accountid=50434

Meyer, E., Snelling, L. & Myren-Manbeck, L. (1998). Pediatric Intensive Care: The Parents Experience. AACN Clin Issues , 9(1): 64-74. URL http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9505573

Mutran, E., Danis, M., Bettron, K., Sudha, S. & Hanson,L. (1997). Attitudes of the critically ill toward prolonging life: The role of social support. The Gerontologist, 37(2): 192-199. DOI: 10.1093/geront/37.2.192

Novaes, M.A.F.P., Aronovich, A., Ferraz, M.B. & Knobel, E. (1997). Stressors in ICU: patients´evaluation. Intensive Care Medicine, 23(12): 1282-1285. DOI 10.1007/s001340050500

Novoa, M. & Ballesteros, B.P. (2006). The role of the psychologist in an intesive care unit. Univ. Psychol. Bogotá (Colombia), 5(3): 599-612. URL http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rups/v5n3/v5n3a14.pdf

Núñez Herrejón, J.L. y Ortíz Salinas, M. (2010). APA diccionario conciso de psicología. Mexico DF: Manual Moderno.

Plaszewka-Zywoko, L. & Gazda, D. (2012). Emotional reactions and needs of family members of ICU patients. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, 44(3): 145-149. URL http://czasopisma.viamedica.pl/ait/article/view/19823/15534

Quinn, J., Schmitt, M., Gedney Baggs, J., Norton, S. & Dombeck, M. & Sellers, C.R. (2012). Family members informal roles in end of life decision making in adult intensive care units. American Journal of Critical Care, 21(1): 43-49. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2012520.

Redinbaugh, E. M., Baum, A., DeMoss, C., Fello, M. & Arnold, R. (2002). Factors Associated with the Accuracy of Family Caregiver Estimates of Patient Pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 23(1): 31-38. doi:10.1016/S0885-3924(01)00372-4

Ruíz-Benítez De Lugo, M.A. y Coca, M. (2008). El pacto de silencio en los familiares de los pacientes oncológicos terminales. Psicooncología, 5(1): 53-69. URL: http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/PSIC/article/view/PSIC0808130053A/15496

Schenker, Y., White, D., Crowley-Matoka, M., Dohan, D., Tiver, G. & Arnold, R. (2013). It hurts to know... and it helps: exploring how surrogates in the ICU cope with prognostic information. Journal of Palliantive Medicine, 16(3): 243-249. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2012.0331.

Schenker, Y., Crowley-Matoka, M., Dohan, D., Tiver, G.A., Arnold, R.M. & White D.B. (2012) I don't want to be the one saying 'we should just let him die': intrapersonal tensions experienced by surrogate decision makers in the ICU. J Gen Intern Med, 27(12): 1657-1665. doi: 10.1007/s11606-012-2129-y

Schleder, L. P., Parejo, L. S., Puggina, A. C. & da Silva, M.J.P. (2013). Spirituality of relatives of patients hospitalized in intensive care unit/Espiritualidade dos familiares de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Acta Paulista De Enfermagem, 26(1): 71-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002013000100012

Scott, A. (2004). Managing anxiety in ICU patients: the role of pre-operative information provision. Nursing in critical care, 9(2): 72-79. Disponible en URL: https://www.365healthcare.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Managing-Anxiety-ICU-Patients_Preoperative-Teaching.pdf

Sewitch, M.J., McCusker, J., Dendukuri, N. & Yaffe, M.J. (2004). Depression in frail elders: impact on family caregivers. International journal of geriatric psychiatry , 19(7): 655-665. DOI: 10.1002/gps.1135

Siddiqui, S. & Sheikh, F. & Kamal, R. (2011). What families want an assessment of family expectations in the ICU. International Archives of Medicine, 4(21): 1-5. doi:10.1186/1755-7682-4-21

Siegel, M. (2009). End of life decision making in the ICU. Clin Chest Med, 30: 181-194. Disponible en URL: http://palliativecare.yale.edu/student/361_37173_EOLDecisionMakingClinicsinChestMed0309.pdf

Söderströn, I.M., Saveman, B.I., Hagberg, M., & Benzein, E. (2009). Family adaptation in relation to a family member´s stay in ICU. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 25(5): 250-257. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2009.06.006

Stickney, C., Ziniel, S., Brett, M.S. & Troug, R. (2014). Family participation during Intensive Care Units rouds: Attitudes and experiences of parents and healthcare providers in a tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The Journals of Pediatrics , 164(2): 402-406. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.09.037.

Sukantarat, K., Greer, S., Brett, S. & Williamson, R. (2007). Physical and psychological sequelae of critical illness. British Journal of Health Psychology,12 (Pt1): 65-74. DOI:10.1348/135910706X94096

Twibell, R.S. (1998). Family coping during critical illness. Dimension of critical care nursing, 17(2): 100-112. Disponible en URL: http://www.bmhlibrary.info/9624951.pdf

Waldrop, D P; Meeker, M A. (2011). Crisis in caregiving: when home-based end -of-life care is no longer possible. Journal of Palliative Care, 27(2): 117-125

Wall, R., Curtis, R. & Cooke, C. R. (2007). Family Satisfaction in the ICU: differences between families of survivors and nonsurvivors. Critical Care Medicine, 132(5): 1425-1435. DOI 10.1378/chest.07-0419

Zaider, T. & Kissane, D. (2009). The Assesment And Management Of Family Distress During Paliative Care. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care, 3(1): 67-71. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0b013e328325a5ab.

Zanetti, T. G., Stumm, E. M. F. & Ubessi, L. D. (2013). Stress and coping in families of patients in an intensive care unit. Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental, 5(2): 3608-3619. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2013.v5i2.3608-3619

TPS

Palavras-Chave #155.9042 #Unidad de cuidados intensivos #Estrés #Psicología #Caregivers #Communication #Coping #Decision making #Family #Fears #ICU #Psychologist Role Play #Stress
Tipo

info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis

info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion