The rheological properties of polyaniline solution

This paper presents our work on the rheological properties of the solution of polyaniline (PAn) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The results indicate that the solution's non-Newtonian property becomes more prominent with the increase in solution concentrations exhibiting the behavior of pseudo-plastic fluid. Besides, there is a critical concentration C-v (around 0.06 g/ml), beyond which the viscosity of the PAn/NMP solution takes a sudden increase. with temperature rising, both the viscosity and the thixotropy of the solution decrease, implying that there exist physical cross-linking interactions between the molecular chains in the solution.

多晶CdS太阳电池p-n结电容的测量及应用

介绍了p-n结电容测量方法。通过测量C-V特性研究了Cds太阳电池的热处理及上栅过程,分析并讨论了p-n结的变化与电池不稳定的关系。初步研究了扩散电位的测定问题。

RBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)的结构和某些性质的变化趋势

本文用X射线衍射、碘量法,扫描电镜等手段系统地研究了RBa_2Cu_3O_7-δ[R=La、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy、Er、Yb、(DyYb)]化合物的结构和某些性质(如氧含量、Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+)等)随稀土离子半径的变化规律。发现随着稀土离子半径的减少,晶胞参数(a、b、c���v)几乎线性降低,Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+)(％)、氧含量(7-δ)、正交畸变(a-b)几乎线性增加,XRD图谱中001峰加强,SEM像中晶形更加完整。

肉食性鱼类补偿生长特性的研究

本文主要以花鲈[Lateolabrax．japonicus (C���& V．)]和褐牙鲆[Paralichthys olivaceus(T. & S.)]作为海洋肉食性鱼类的代表种类，根据鱼类生态生理学理论，通过设定不同饥饿时问下因子水平，研究两种鱼类摄食率、排粪率、转化效率和SGR等生态生理效率的状态变化。其目的在于研究高营养级鱼类在海洋生态系统中的下行控制作用(Top-down Effect)，以及肉食性鱼类的生态对策与鱼类资源补充机制的相互关系，为深入解析鱼类资源生产力及其持续利用海洋生物资源，提供科学依据。其主要研究结果概述如下：1．花鲈： 饥饿0(对照组)、4、8、12、16d后恢复投喂，过量投喂淡水桡足类，温度为19.5±2.0℃，初始体重为0.61-0.93g，平均体重为0．79g实验周期为28d。1.1饥饿时间对花鲈的体重损失率产生显著影响，受过饥饿的个体的湿重失率 (LR_W)与饥饿时间(t)的关系为：LR_W=2.2164t-3.6634(r~2=0.9767，p13d)的个体的排粪率显著大于其它各组，其它各组间排粪率差异不显著；2.2在整个实验周期36d内，对照组与经受3—8d饥饿的实验组的SGR显著大于经受饥饿时间大于lOd的实验组，饥饿3-8d的完全补偿生长，饥饿10-15d 的个体发生部分补偿生长，饥饿18d的个体不能补偿生长；经受饥饿个体的摄食率低于对照组；除了饥饿18d的个体的饵料转化率显著小于对照组外，其它各组的转化率没有显著差异；经受长时间饥饿(>13d)的个体的排粪率显著大于其它各组，其它各组问没有显著的差异。2．3平均体重为2．59g的褐牙鲆，饥饿至不可恢复点(PNR)的时间大于18d。3．花鲈和褐牙鲆在经受饥饿后的体重损失率与饥饿的时间正相关。在实验期间，花鲈体重损失率与饥饿时间成一次线性关系，褐牙鲆体重损失率与饥饿时间成对数函数关系。在饥饿后均会发生补偿生长。3.1比较研究结果，表明在适当时间饥饿后的个体均会发生补偿生长，其超生长速度与饥饿时间密切相关。花鲈在饥饿至不可恢复点的临界状态时发生最强烈的超生长现象，而褐牙鲆则是在饥饿3—5d后恢复投喂时可以观测到最高速度的超生长。3.2经受适当时间饥饿后的个体在短期内，其摄食率大于对照组的摄食强度。曾经饥饿的时间越长，花鲈在饥饿结束后的摄食率越高，褐牙鲆在饥饿结束后的高摄食率持续的时间越长。3.3经受适当时间饥饿后的个体，在短期内的转化率均会大于对照组的转化 效率，且随饥饿时间而加强；高转化效率持续的时间与饥饿时间无关。褐牙鲆的高转化率持续的时间很短，且很快下降至低于对照组的水平，其下降程度与饥饿时问成正相关，经受过度饥饿的花鲈和褐牙鲆转化率显著低于对照组。3．4花鲈的补偿生长是饵料转化率提高的结果；而褐牙鲆的补偿生长的原因则因其经受的饥饿程度而异。从饥饿后恢复投喂较短的时间周期(4d和6d)看，花鲈和褐牙鲆的补偿生长是转化率和摄食率共同提高的结果；但从饥饿后恢复投喂较长的时问周期(12d和1 8d)看，经受短期(4-8d)饥饿的花鲈的补偿生长是转化率显著提高的结果，而经受长期(12d)饥饿的花鲈的补偿生长是转化率显著提高的结果，褐牙鲆则是摄食率显著提高的结果。3．5从整个实验周期来看，对花鲈的饥饿降低了其生长速度和饵料转化率，但对褐牙鲆的短期饥饿(<8d)不会降低其生长速度，也不会影响一定时间(3-13d)饥饿的个体的饵料转化率。

基于主动轮廓模型的图像分割及目标跟踪算法研究

论文在中国科学院国防科技创新基金课题支持下，对主动轮廓模型的图像分割和目标跟踪算法进行了研究。 对复杂自然背景下人造目标的边缘提取问题进行了讨论，提出基于分形维数特征的分形参数主动轮廓模型和分形几何主动轮廓模型。该模型允许初始轮廓远离目标的边缘，降低了模型对初始轮廓的依赖性。 对主动轮廓跟踪模型进行了研究，提出一种基于形状约束的参数主动轮廓跟踪模型。该模型可以克服弱边缘及强背景等噪声对轮廓的吸引和干扰，保持了目标的基本形状，实现和改善了对具有尖角、深凹和狭长分支等不规则形状目标的边缘跟踪。 提出一种基于C-V模型的水上桥梁目标分割和识别算法。该算法能够较好地解决远距离小目标水上桥梁及灰度梯度较弱图像的桥梁分割和识别问题。 对Chan-Vese提出的水平集图像分割模型进行了改进，提出一种无需水平集重新初始化的C-V模型。该模型不仅提高了C-V模型的演化速度，而且实现了水平集函数初始化的灵活性。 基于区域特性及Mumford-Shah技术，提出一种基于能量最小化的主动分界线模型来实现对天际线或者某些同质区域非闭合分界线的检测。该模型可以提取无梯度信息或者梯度信息较弱的区域边界，并具有较强的抗噪性。

曲线演化图像分割和森林烟火预警系统

随着计算机技术，图像采集技术和数据存储技术等的进步，图像处理的应用领域越来越广泛。很多的应用系统是综合利用了电子，通讯和图像处理等技术而开发出来的，图像处理往往是系统的核心部分。图像分割是图像处理的核心技术，也是图像处理技术中的难点。所以研究图像分割技术具有非常重要的意义。 传统的图像分割方法有：使用模板对图像进行边缘检测等；利用滤波处理，频谱分析等数字信号处理处理技术进行分割。80年代末以来，偏微分方程方法越来越多地应用到图像分割领域中，已成为图像分割的有力工具。本文对基于偏微分方程的图像分割方法进行研究，介绍单开曲线演化分割算法，并基于Mumford-Shah模型提出一种带状目标分割方法。这种方法能将图像中的带状区域从图像中分割出来－这里假定带状区域的边界可用单值函数表示。与其它方法，如边缘检测分割，C-V模型分割和单开曲线分割相比，本文提出的方法得到的分割结果有与目标的边界吻合的更好，抗噪能力强等优点。 本文介绍了通过对可见光摄像机所拍摄图像进行分析来检测火的森林烟火预警系统。该系统是通过检测烟的存在来判断是否有火情。图像处理软件是森林烟火预警系统的核心组成部分。评价火灾预警系统性能有两个标准。一个是一旦发生火灾，预警系统能否快速地发出火警信号；另一个是在没有火情时，预警系统是否不报警，即误警率是否低。图像分割在设计图像处理算法时，主要在两个地方得到应用。在图像预处理阶段，利用单开曲线演化分割算法或带状区域的分割算法将森林区域分割出来。这样是为了在对图像进行处理时消除非森林区域中的目标对识别结果的影响，降低误警率。在图像处理阶段，利用图像分割算法将烟从图像中分割出来，准确及时报警。

图像降噪复原算法及其应用

在图像成像、复制、扫描、传输、显示等过程中，不可避免地要造成图像的降质，如图像模糊、噪声干扰等。而在许多应用领域中，又需要清晰的、高质量的图像，因此，图像复原(如去噪、去模糊等)具有重要的意义。图像复原的目的是对降质图像进行处理，使其恢复成原始图像。它是图像处理、模式识别、机器视觉的基础，因而受到广泛的研究，并在天文学、遥感成像、医学影像等领域获得广泛的应用。图像复原的传统方法主要是进行图像滤波。由于图像的大部分信息存在于图像边缘部分，因此要求图像滤波既能去除图像的模糊和噪声，同时又能保持图像的细节。由于图像细节和噪声在频带上混叠，导致图像的平滑和边缘细节的保持成为一对矛盾。传统的滤波方法难以处理这类问题。近年来发展起来的偏微分方程图像处理技术，为解决图像复原中的这一矛盾提供了新途径。本论文共分五个部分。第一部分给出了图像复原的数学模型并讨论了其发展现状，综述了图像复原问题的规整化理论及方法，阐述了图像复原的基本过程和影响因素。第二部分研究了基于奇异值分解和能量最小原则的图像自适应降噪算法。基于有界变差的能量降噪模型的代数形式，提出了一种自适应图像降噪算法。该算法通过在矩阵范数意义下求能量最小，自适应确定去噪图像重构的奇异值个数。这一算法的特点是将能量最小原则和奇异值分解结合起来，在代数空间中建立了一种自适应的图像降噪算法。与基于压缩比和奇异值分解的降噪方法相比，该算法避免了图像压缩比函数及其拐点的计算。因此求解更加简单。第三部分研究了基于各向异性扩散的图像降噪和抖动消除算法。提出了两种算法，一、提出了一个由各向异性扩散方程定义的非线性图像滤波算子。与Perona，Malik提出的算子类似，该算子能够去除噪声，而且性能稳定，处理后的自然图像看上去清晰而且对比度也得到增强。对于图像抖动产生偏移，二、提出了一种基于各向异性非线性扩散以及抖动估计的抖动消除算法。这种各向异性非线性扩散的模型由两项组成，即扩散项以及强制项。基本思想就是对于边缘点以及光滑区域的点分别进行处理，利用Newton-Raphson算法计算最小化抖动误差，估计出抖动偏移量，从而得到抖动消除之后的图像。第四部分研究了基于四阶偏微分方程和基于高斯曲率的图像降噪算法。针对低阶的非线性偏微分方程进行图像去噪，如总变差、平均曲率流等去噪模型，会产生阶梯效应这一缺陷，即易得到分段常量结果的缺陷，提出了一种基于四阶偏微分方程的图像降噪算法，并给出了实验结果。提出了一种改进的基于高斯曲率和偏微分方程的图像降噪算法。该算法能够得到一个稳态的非平凡解，从而能够避免中止时间的选取。第五部分研究了基于C-V降噪模型的图像半盲复原算法。基于C-V降噪模型，提出了一种图像半盲的复原算法，即假定图像退化的模型已知，如高斯模糊，但是高斯核的方差未知，通过构造能量函数，将能量函数的极小问题转化为一个变分极小问题，由变分原理得到相应的欧拉-拉格朗日方程。这里设计的算法将未知数的个数由Leah Bar模型的三个减少为两个，最后估计出来高斯核的方差比Leah Bar 算法更加接近于真值。

北大别黄土岭麻粒岩变质演化：对大别造山带演化进程的指示意义

Granulites from Huangtuling in the North Dabie metamorphic core complex in eastern China preserve rare mineralogical and mineral chemical evidence for multistage metamorphism related to Paleoproterozoic metamorphic processes, Triassic continental subduction-collision and Cretaceous collapse of the Dabieshan Orogen. Six stages of metamorphism are established, based on detailed mineralogical and petrological studies: (I) amphibolite facies (6.3–7.0 kbar, 520–550 °C); (II) high-pressure/high-temperature granulite facies (12–15.5 kbar, 920–980 °C); (III) cooling and decompression (4.8–6.0 kbar, 630-700 °C); (IV) medium-pressure granulite facies (7.7–9.0 kbar, 690–790 °C); (V) low-pressure/high-temperature granulite facies (4.0–4.7 kbar, 860–920 °C); (VI) retrograde greenschist facies overprint (1–2 kbar, 340–370 °C). The P–T history derived in this study and existing geochronological data indicate that the Huangtuling granulite records two cycles of orogenic crustal thickening events. The earlier three stages of metamorphism define a clockwise P–T path, implying crustal thickening and thinning events, possibly related to the assembly and breakup of the Columbia Supercontinent ca. 2000 Ma. Stage IV metamorphism indicates another crustal thickening event, which is attributed to the Triassic subduction/collision between the Yangtze and Sino–Korean Cratons. The dry lower crustal granulite persisted metastable during the Triassic subduction/collision due to lack of hydrous fluid and deformation. Stage V metamorphism records the Cretaceous collapse of the Dabieshan Orogen，possibly due to asthenosphere upwelling or removal of the lithospheric mantle resulting in heating of the granulite and partial melting of the North Dabie metamorphic core complex. Comparison of the Huangtuling granulite in North Dabie and the high-pressure (HP)–ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks in South Dabie indicates that the subducted upper (South Dabie) and lower (North Dabie) continental crusts underwent contrasting tectonometamorphic evolution during continental subduction–collision and orogenic collapse. High-pressure granulites are generally characterized by the absence of orthopyroxene. However, the Huangtuling felsic granulite rarely preserves the high-pressure granulite facies assemblage of garnet + orthopyroxene + biotite + plagioclase + K-feldspar + quartz. To investigate the effects of bulk rock composition on the stability of orthopyroxene-bearing, high-pressure granulite facies assemblages in the NCKFMASHTO (Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–Fe2O3) system, we constructed a series of P–T–X pseudosections based on the melt-reintegrated composition of the Huangtuling felsic high-pressure granulite. Our calculations demonstrate that the orthopyroxene-bearing, high-pressure granulite facies assemblages are restricted to low XAl [Al2O3/(Na2O + CaO + K2O + FeO + MgO + Al2O3) < 0.35, mole proportion] or high XMg [MgO/(MgO + FeO) > 0.85] felsic���metapelitic rock types. Our study also reveals that the XAl values in the residual felsic���metapelitic, high-pressure granulites could be significantly reduced by a high proportion of melt loss. We suggest that orthopyroxene-bearing high-pressure granulites occur in residual overthickened crustal basement under continental subduction–collision zones and arc���continent collision belts.

VTA-NAc���orexin A在吗啡和性奖赏相关行为中作用的研究

There are a lot of differences in the neural mechanisms underlying between drug reward and natural reward despite the common neual basis. Undoubtedly, revealing the common and the different mechanisms underlying drug reward and natural reward will promote the development of research on drug addiction. Among diversified natural rewards, sex is often compared to drug because sexual reward has more similarities to drug. The mesolimbic dopamine system (VTA-NAc pathway) is a common pathway activated by natural reinforcers and addictive drugs, mediating reward, emotion and motivation under physiological conditions. The neuroadaptations taking place in the central nervous system including the mesolimbic dopamine system after repeatedly drug taking leads to persistent drug craving, Orexin, a neuropeptide produced in the lateral hypothalamus, plays an important role in reward-associated, motivated behaviors. Orexin neurons have extensive projections to the mesolimbic dopamine system. In order to further investigate the roles of orexin A in drug reward, this study examined the regulatory roles of orexin A in the VTA and NAcSh on drug reinforcement (acqusition of morphine CPP) and drug-seeking behavior (expression of morphine CPP). Moreover, the roles of orexin A on drug reward were compared with sexual reward. The main results are as follows: 1. The expression of morphine CPP was inhibited by intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered OX1R antagonist SB334867; 2. The male unconditioned sexual motivation was not affected by i.c.v. administered SB334867. However, i.c.v. given orexin A inhibited unconditioned sexual motivation in sexually high-motivated rats but did not affect sexual motivation in low-motivated rats; 3. The acquisition and expression of morphine CPP was inhibited by SB334867 microinjected into the VTA. SB334867 or orexin A injected into the NAcSh did not influence the acquisition of morphine CPP, but orexin A increased the locomotor activity in rats treated with morphine (3mg/kg); 4. SB334867 microinjected into the VTA did not affect male copulatory behavior, neither affect the acqusition of copulatory CPP; 5. The expression of copulatory CPP was associated with increased Fos protein expression in hypothalamic orexin A neurons, and SB334867 microinjected into the VTA inhibited expression of copulatory CPP. These results suggest that, (1) endogenous orexin A is not involved in male unconditioned sexual motivation, but involved in drug craving; (2) orexin A in the VTA instead of in the NAc is involved in drug reinforcement; (3) orexin A in the VTA is critical for drug-seeking behavior, but it is still unclear for the role of orexin A in the NAcSh; (4) in contrast to drug reinforcement, orexin A in the VTA is not involved in reinforcing effect of sexual reward. Orexin A plays a role both in drug-seeking behavior and in sexual reward-seeking behavior, but the different orexin A neuron populations may be responsible for the roles of orexin A in two types of reward. In a word, the differential roles of orexin A in drug and sexual reward are found in the present study, which provides some evidence for further research on the mechanisms of drug addiction.

Metodologia para obtenção de Antocianinas de frutos de juçara (Euterpe edulis).

2008

Zoneamento climático: Pinus taeda no sul do Brasil.

2008

Avaliação da composição química dos cogumelos comestíveis Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus brasiliensis, Agaricus bisporus portobello, Lentinula edodes e Pleorotus ostreatus.

2009

Estabelecimento de espécies arbóreas de cerrados em função do manejo de Brachiaria sp.

Neste estudo teve-se como objetivo avaliar a emergência, o recrutamento e crescimento de sete leguminosas arbóreas dos Cerrados em áreas de pastagem abandonadas, a partir de semeadura direta, sob diferentes regimes de manejo de Brachiaria sp.

Biomassa arbórea em fragmentos da Mata Atlântica Fluminense.

2008

Distribuição de espécies arbóreas em fragmentos de vegetação natural no munic��pio de Prado - extremo sul da Bahia.

2002