A função social da escola e a constituição da forma escolar (Brasil/Portugal, 1870-1932)

O artigo analisa aspectos das relações entre a escolarizaçãoe os processos culturais mais amplos, tomando como fontedocumental manuais didáticos produzidos para uso em cursos deformação de professores, que circularam no Brasil e em Portugalno período final do século XIX e no início do século XX. Foramfocalizados elementos passíveis de generalização, entre eles aunidade da forma escolar e as diferentes práticas prescritas aosprofessores, destinadas a enraizar valores e ideais no processoformativo. Foram analisados os seguintes manuais: CursoPractico de Pedagogia, de autoria de Mr. Daligault (1874);Elementos de Pedagogia, de autoria de Jose Maria da GraçaAffreixo e Henrique Freire (1870); e Lições de pedagogia gerale de história da educação, de Alberto Pimentel Filho (1932).

Algumas reflexões sobre a condição da mulher brasileira da colônia às primeiras décadas do século XX

This article, about reflections on the condition of Brazilian women from the Colony to the first decades of the twentieth century, reveals the historical position of them and the attitudes and behaviors related to gender and sexuality. Subdued, it was treated as a sexual object, arousing all sorts of misogyny by men. Rebel, veiled or ostensibly, could serve their own desires. Throughout history, the Church and medical institutions which jointly accounted for, significantly, established the meaning and place of women. In Colony period, the woman is a ward from the Catholic ideology, but from the nineteenth century, after Independence, this power control arises to Medicine. The physician submits the religious discourse, naturalizing the status of women as one that breeds, namely the insertion of the medical issues of family scientifically legitimate colonial patriarchy. This is accentuated in the early twentieth century, when medicine consolidated setting standards and rules for marriage, to motherhood and family life. We note how the feminine universe was (and it is nowadays) ambivalent, with "one foot" in virtue and another in sin, with a tendency to contain and another to trespass. On the one hand we have the home and motherhood, validated in marriage, in which the woman is cared for and dependent on her husband. Reflecting on the motherhood of Virgin Mary, comes to the sacred dimension of the idealized woman saint by the Church. At the same time, however, feels the need for freedom, identity and independence, needing to give a voice to the desire to have their sexuality and all that it is due in full. The manifestation of the desire and the call for sexual satisfaction, and put in permanent conflict personal, psychological and social split between moral entrenched across generations and cultural transformations resulting from decades of the 20th Century.

Hibridismo cultural: o imaginário europeu na construção da sexualidade feminina do primeiro século de colonização brasileira

The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the conceptions of sexuality and female sexual behavior and conduct, formed from the merger of information and securities purchased under the eyes, rules and guidelines established relations with the Holy Office during his visit to Inquisitorial Brazil in the late sixteenth century. It is a survey of historical methodology in which we used as the exploratory research and literature. In the sixteenth century the Church increases the pressure to change the sexual mores that were free in the Middle Ages, a fact which influences the rules and regulations that are adopted by the Holy Office regarding the person's sex life. The first structure was based on Brazilian sexual alliance between Indians and settlers, which led to sugar, by the Portuguese, the customs of the land, which included sexual practices free since the Indians were out of Christian influence. Supported by the absence of white women, the settlers took them wives of the earth, usually more than one, creating conflict with the Jesuits who condemned Indian polygamy. In this context, in 1591, landed on Brazilian soil Heitor Furtado de Mendonca, and with it, the First Visitation of the Holy Office to investigate, arguing, exploring feelings and behaviors, to discover the true facts, finally, to demonstrate the errors Faith and punish them with the rigor of ecclesiastical law. His passing opens us to visualize traces of sexuality in the current "Tropic" a racist, misogynist world where black women and degraded land could be subject to the wishes of the white man, with whom he could mate at will. Alone and forgotten, women have not found the colony margin to denounce or to speak and were stigmatized by the look of travelers and writers have been through here.

A formação do cidadão moderno: a seleção cultural para a escola primária nos manuais de Pedagogia (Brasil e Portugal, 1870–1920)

This article seeks to understand the production of the modern school in Brazil and Portugal at the turn of the 20th century. The analysis falls on the pedagogical knowledge constituted around school programs disseminated in pedagogical manuals at the Normal Schools in Brazil and Portugal. The study uses three teacher training manuals as source of information: Curso pratico de pedagogia destinado aos alunos-mestres das escholas normaes primarias e aos instituidores em exercício (1874), by Mr. Daligault; Elementos de Pedagogia para servirem de guia aos candidatos ao magistério primário (1870), by José Maria da Graça Affreixo and Henrique Freire; and Lições de metodologia (1920), by Bernardino da Fonseca Lage.

A instalação do serviço de inspeção escolar na Província de São Paulo (1835-1887)

This article discusses the establishment of the school inspection service in the Province of Sao Paulo between the implementation of the Provincial Legislature in 1835 and the last years of the monarchy. In this work, were taken as sources - the Collection of Laws and Decrees of the Province of São Paulo (1835-1889); Speeches of the Presidents of the Province given annually at the opening of the Assembly of S„o Paulo (1835-1889), and the reports of the General Inspectors presented to the President of the Province (1851-1889). To give theoretical support to this analysis, we used the categories of Weberian bureaucratic organization.

O discurso de Lourenço Filho em defesa da pedagogia do estado novo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

As fontes do método analítico de leitura de João Köpke (1896-1917)

After two decades advertising and defending the synthetic method, João Köpke became active disseminator of analytical method for teaching reading. In five te xts published between 1896 and 1917, produced in different circumstance s for different publics readers, Köpke seeks the support of American and European authors, for their principles as well as for the education experience, to his analytical method. as by theirs principles as by theirs educational experiences. Among those authors: J. Jacotot, A. Bain, A. Meiklejohn, J. Froebel, C. Parker, G. Stanley Hall and J. Chubb. In this article, attention is given to repeated American references with special emphasis on the psychology of Stanley Hall and the method of teaching reading of Meiklejohn, highlighted and placed on convergence by Köpke in his final writings.

Palavras viajeiras: circulação do conhecimento pedagógico em manuais escolares (Brasil/Portugal, de meados do século XIX a meados do século XX)

Na presente publicação apresenta-se análises de um conjunto de manuais escolares que circularam na Escola Normal brasileira e portuguesa entre meados do século XIX e meados do século XX a partir de diferentes olhares, reeditando em outra chave o processo original de circulação de ideias entre Brasil e Portugal no qual esses materiais se inserem. Orientados por outros estudos que tratam do mesmo tema, os autores realizaram recolha nos dois países a fim de comprovar a circulação do corpus empírico que, ao final, foi definido como fonte. Assim, chegou-se ao seguinte conjunto de manuais didáticos: Elementos de Pedagogia de Affreixo & Freire (1870); Curso Prático de Pedagogia Destinado aos Alunos-Mestres das Escolas Normaes Primarias e aos Instituidores em Exercício de Daligault (1874); Lições de Pedagogia Geral e de História da Educação de Pimentel Filho (1875); Lições de Pedologia e Pedagogia Experimental de Faria de Vasconcelos (1910); Lições de Metodologia, de Fonseca Lage (1920); A arte da leitura, de Mário Gonçalves Viana (1949) e Lições de Pedagogia, de Aquiles Archêro Junior (1955). Os pesquisadores utilizam diferentes lentes para tecer suas análises e, cada um segundo sua especialidade de pesquisa, aprofunda aspectos que, juntos, compõem um painel interpretativo sobre o processo de escolarização e seus espaços, a normatização do trabalho docente, os princípios que nortearam a seleção cultural para a escola primária, a constituição de modos e métodos de ensino para realizar os objetivos educacionais e a especificidade que assumem os materiais e o ensino da leitura e da escrita nessa instituição. Todas as análises reiteram a importância dos impressos na consolidação da escola primária portuguesa e brasileira, notadamente no que se refere às prescrições feitas nos manuais escolares que, em trânsito, configuram-se como palavras viajeiras.

Anísio Teixeira e a psicologia: o diálogo com a psicanálise

This paper analyses the ideas and the work of Anísio Teixeira in the first years of the 1930s, focusing his conceptions concerning the value of Psychoanalysis for Educational Reform in Brazil. Whereas the ideas and practices Teixeira should be understood in the historical context in which they were developed, the work presents the history of the introduction of the psychoanalytic knowledge in the Brazilian Renovator Educational Movement, highlighting the relevance of hygienism in the dissemination of Freud's theses in education. The findings indicate that Teixeira interacted with the concepts of Psychoanalysis through the hygienist movement and the ideas of Arthur Ramos, considering the individual as being linked to the social environment.

Medidas de controle da circulação do livro didático para o ensino de leitura e escrita em São Paulo: atuação da commissão revisora de 1918

In order to contribute to the understanding of the history of the teaching of reading and writing and the history of political movement of textbooks in Sao Paulo, Brazil, we present the results of the analysis of the documents produced by the Review Commission Textbook, established in 1918 by the General Board of Education of São Paulo State. This commission aimed to review which books among the already approved by previous committees, should continue as recommended for use in elementary schools in São Paulo. For this, the commission has prepared various reports, which are representative of the actions of the state government to control the circulation and use of textbooks in elementary schools in the early twentieth century.

Tintas pretas e papéis brancos: educadoras negras e emancipação

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

A presença feminina dos estudos secundários no estado de São Paulo (1930-1947)

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

O Projeto Logos II em Rondônia: a implantação do projeto-piloto e as mudanças em sua organização político-pedagógica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Profissão, escola e campo: um estudo sobre o Ensino Técnico Agrícola

Apresentando uma síntese histórico-sociológica do panorama rural brasileiro, da constituição do ensino técnico, e do desenvolvimento do ensino técnico agrícola, este artigo defende que as escolas técnicas agrícolas sofrem uma dupla marginalização, por um lado proveniente de sua natureza profissionalizante e, por outro, dada sua vinculação com o meio rural brasileiro.