Violence against children and adolescents: awareness and attitudes of Brazilian dentists

Violence against children and adolescents, ranging from negligence to sexual abuse, is an imperative public health problem. The ill treatments are considered as nonaccidental traumas, actions or omissions against children, who suffer physical or emotional violence. The main perpetrators are fathers, mothers, guardians, family, friends or the children‘s primary caretaker. It is very important to identify abuse cases, because this allows proper medical and legal intervention. In Brazil, the law n. 8.069, of July 13, 1990, known as the ECA -Statute for Children and Adolescents (SCA), stipulates the obligation to report suspected or confirmed cases of ill treatment against a child or adolescent to the Guardianship Council of the respective locality. The health professionals play a crucial role with regard to identifying cases of violence, collecting information, making early diagnosis of suspect cases and reporting such cases to the authorities. The dentists can contribute significantly, as most injuries occur in the orofacial region. Bite marks, burns, bruising, among others, are easily identified during a dental consultation. The aim of this work was to verify the awareness and attitudes of Brazilian dentists concerning violence against children and adolescents. This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry of Araraquara – São Paulo State University (FOAr – UNESP). Sixty-three dentists answered an open and closed questionnaire concerning their formation, knowledge, experience and attitudes towards ill-treated children and adolescents. Among other results, thirty-nine dentists (61.9%) affirmed to have the means to identify illtreatment cases, 13 (20.6%) reported having some experience on this matter, but only 8 reported the cases to the Council of Guardianship, as determined by Brazilian law. Twenty percent of the reasons presented for not notifying the Council were fear of reprisal, and 60.0% were uncertain concerning the ethical and legal implications. Physical violence was the most reported form of identified violence (76.9%), followed by negligence (38.5%). Among the 13 professionals that had experience with violence cases, in 10 cases the perpetrators were identified – in 70.0% of the cases, the parents were the originators of such violence. It was concluded that further formation and orientation are necessary, in order to prepare dentists to act correctly when, during their professional activities, they encounter cases of violence against children and adolescents.

A inovação para o desenvolvimento social: políticas públicas e internacionalização

Os sete textos aqui apresentados resultam de seleção realizada entre 296 trabalhos em outubro de 2013, durante o VII Congresso de Extensão Universitária da Unesp. Abrangem propostas inovadoras nas áreas de Direitos Humanos, Educação, Espaços Construídos, Política e Economia, Saúde e Tecnologia. O trabalho “Educação e Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA)” propõe preparar agentes sociais e professores da cidade de Rio Claro e região para que o trabalho com as crianças e adolescentes possa ser mais efetivo em relação à aplicabilidade do ECA e para fortalecer as redes de atendimento. Em “Cursinho Pré-Vestibular Gera Bixo” o objetivo é a redução do déficit educacional do aluno proveniente do ensino público. O trabalho relata que em oito anos de existência o cursinho aprovou mais de duzentos alunos em universidades públicas ou particulares com 100% de bolsa e que o índice de aprovações alcançou 47% em 2012. “O direito à habitação e o papel da universidade pública” discute a habitação enquanto direito social assegurado pela Constituição. Trata de pesquisas e propostas alternativas para a habitação social que possibilitem custos mais baixos. Os autores de “Transparência e controle social: a experiência do Observatório da Gestão Pública de Marília (SP)” relatam como o Observatório viabiliza a prática do controle social da gestão e a advocacia de ideias no âmbito do município de Marília. O trabalho “Atendimento aos pacientes do Centro de Oncologia Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba Unesp” tem como objetivo ampliar o número e os tipos de atendimento de pacientes portadores de patologias bucais, orientar os alunos nos procedimentos de exame clínico, complementares e cirúrgicos, visando ao diagnóstico e tratamento das patologias bucais. Utilizar a jardinagem e a horticultura na recuperação de pacientes com dependência química, alcoólatras e desabilitados do Núcleo de Saúde Mental (Cerdif), de Ilha Solteira foi a proposta de “Jardinagem como terapia ocupacional na recuperação de pacientes do Cerdif/Ilha Solteira (SP). Em “Equipamentos para promoção de melhor qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência motora” os autores partiram do censo de 2010, segundo o qual 13,17 milhões de brasileiros declararam-se portadores de algum tipo de deficiência grave. Para contribuir com essa população, o Grupo de Pesquisa Novas Tecnologias e Qualidade de Vida dos Deficientes Físicos tem fabricado diversos equipamentos voltados à tecnologia assistiva.

Entre Zola e Eça: o Naturalismo brasileiro em seu apogeu (1888)

Brazilian naturalism began in 1881 with the publication of O mulato by Aluísio Azevedo. In spite of the considerable Brazilian cultural dependence on France, the great European master of Brazilian naturalists was initially the Portuguese Eça de Queirós. His novel O primo Basílio resounded intensely in the intellectual environment of Rio de Janeiro, where it had found admirers and fierce critics like Machado de Assis. Only around 1888, when the French naturalist movement suffered serious defections, Brazilian novelists adopted Émile Zola’s esthetical proposals directly through the reading of the Rougon-Macquart cycle. In that year, O missionário by Inglês de Sousa, O cromo by Horácio de Carvalho, A carne by Júlio Ribeiro, Hortência by Marques de Carvalho, Uma família baiana by Xavier Marques, and Lar by Pardal Mallet were published. Nevertheless, it is relevant to consider which features of Zola’s and Eça’s works were incorporated in those works which established a flowering moment of Brazilian naturalism.

Anum não canta em gaiola: estudo sobre as relações entre educação em arte-cultura e privação de liberdade

Este estudo buscou compreender traços da trajetória histórica e filiações teóricas na construção da Fundação CASA, logo, no significado da privação de liberdade em medidas socioeducativas. A partir disto, refletimos sobre o modo como as práticas educacionais artístico-culturais, aparecem enquanto elementos desestabilizadores da ordem, confrontando e sendo confrontadas pela lógica persecutória, comportamentalista e punitiva, inerentes ao ambiente carcerário. Neste contexto, a pesquisa investigou a tensa relação entre o canto do anum e as gaiolas, ou seja, a educação em arte-cultura e a privação de liberdade. Para tanto, realizamos um estudo bibliográfico que colocou em diálogo: documentos institucionais como o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - ECA, o Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo - SINASE e Regimento Interno da Fundação CASA; com produções teóricas que permitiram a reflexão e auxiliou na compreensão da complexidade destas relações como, Loïc Wacquant, Michel Foucault e Roberto da Silva, sobre o sistema carcerário; Stuart Hall, Frantz Fanon e Muniz Sodré, sobre identidade cultural e cultura negra; Paulo Freire e Boaventura de Souza Santos sobre educação, e por fim, nossas memórias enquanto arte-educador que, há mais de dez anos, atua diretamente com adolescentes em diversas unidades desta instituição. Enfim, buscamos responder a inquietação central deste trabalho: Como se dão os movimentos de captura e esquiva entre arte-cultura e privação de liberdade? Com a intenção de contribuir com processos de reflexão e construção de práticas educacionais direcionadas aos adolescentes encarcerados

Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells to treat Achilles tendon injuries

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Formação de alunos universitários em políticas de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes

O Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) preconiza que crianças e adolescentes são sujeitos de direitos e que esses direitos precisam ser obrigatoriamente assegurados e efetivados. Para que o ECA seja efetivado, se faz necessário o conhecimento e compreensão sobre o que esse documento prevê. Assim, chama-se as instituições formadoras a assumirem seu o compromisso éticopolítico de formação da sociedade. Reflete-se, portanto, sobre a inquestionável necessidade da utilização de estudos e pesquisas dentro das Universidades para que se possa construir espaços de formação diferenciados. Neste contexto, a pesquisa desse Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso objetivou uma análise sobre a formação e influência na vida profissional e pessoal de alunos universitários que participaram de um curso de extensão denominado Formação de Agentes Sociais, Professores e alunos em Políticas de atendimento a Criança e ao Adolescente. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com a utilização de três instrumentos de coleta de dados: um questionário inicial; observação e registro em Diário de Campo e entrevista individual semi-estruturada. Na análise dos dados, tem-se que a maioria dos sujeitos participantes da pesquisa afirmou que foram atendidas muitas de suas expectativas, que tiveram bom aproveitamento do curso, e que o mesmo trouxe grandes contribuições para seus processos de formação acadêmica, pessoal e profissional. Os resultados desse trabalho também indicaram a necessidade de que os conteúdos referentes ao ECA e a política de atendimento a criança e ao adolescente sejam incorporados aos cursos de formação básica profissional

O Primo Basílio e a relação espaço e tempo no audiovisual

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Speech-language therapy for treatment of dysphagia and dysphonia in systemic granulomatous diseases: granulomatous diseases: dysphagia and dysphonia treatments

The granulomatous lesions are frequently founded in infectious diseases and can involve the larynx and pharynx and can cause varying degrees of dysphonia and dysphagia. There is still no systematic review that analyzes effectiveness of speech therapy in systemic granulomatous diseases. Research strategy: A systematic review was performed according to Cochrane guideline considering the inclusion of RCTs and quasi-RCTs about the effectiveness of speech-language therapy to treat dysphagia and dysphonia symptoms in systemic granulomatous diseases of the larynx and pharynx. Selection criteria: The outcome planned to be measured in this review were: swallowing impairment, frequency of chest infections and voice and swallowing symptoms. Data analysis: We identified 1,140 citations from all electronic databases. After an initial shift we only selected 9 titles to be retrieved in full-text. After full reading, there was no RCT found in this review and therefore, we only described the existing 2 case series studies. Results: There were no randomized controlled trials found in the literature. Therefore, two studies were selected to be included only for narratively analysis as they were case series. Conclusion: There is no evidence from high quality studies about the effectiveness of speech-language therapy in patients with granulomatous diseases of the larynx and pharynx. The investigators could rely in the outcomes suggested in this review to design their own clinical trials.

Misturador para análise de propriedades reológicas

This study aimed to evaluate the use of a mixer to determine the rheological properties of fluids. The mixer is comprised of an agitation tank and an anchor type impeller. The tests were performed with honey and fruit juices (orange, guava and peach). The rheological characterization was performed using data from the torque and rotation speed required for the operation of fluid agitation. Tests were also made with a concentric cylinder rotational viscometer with the samples being subjected to various shear rates. The rheological parameters were obtained from the flow curves fitted to the power law model. Analyses of results showed that the mixer can be used, within its limitations, to determine rheological properties.

Destecendo uma carta pela estelística da expressão

We aim to analyse the text written by Eça de Queirós, “Carta ao Sr. Mollinet”, theorizing the stylistics of Marcel Cressot’s expression, called “the texture”. We discuss what is sought in the reading of a text nowadays: the form, the meaning or the form that produces meaning? Even though through stylistics there is identifi cation and description of the linguistic categories in the text, the morphological identifi cation in the enunciation level is emptied, if it is done separately. It is from the semantic-syntactic and melodic axes that Eça infl ates his characters with life. The characterization of Pacheco and Portuguese people is supported by the nexus, a producer of antagonistic meta-signifi cation in relation to the fi rst meaning. Eça’s irony results from the reverse meaning – from “ne pas dire”. The nexus is the great meaningful cohesion between logical and metalogic discourse – producing new signifi cations; multiplying verbal resources, which are created in order to metamorphose the linguistic sign into pictorial or iconic signs. The irony governs the whole constructive tessitura that stems from new referents, which result from demiurgical relations between themselves because of the metalogical process, as it allows to establish and change the direction when sign and referent, signifi er and signifi ed, utterance and context are related. The analysis of Eça’s selected text enriches the discoveries presented by the Stylistics of Expression.

A produção técnico-científica de James Precott Joule: uma leitura a partir da epistemologia de Ludwig Fleck

This paper aims an epistemologically analysis of the attempt of James Prescott Joule to replace the steam engine by the electric one. In this historical analysis, we use the epistemological categories: style of thinking, collective thinking, intercollective circulation of ideas and practices,Joule and other technicians in Machester received in that time financial incentives from governments and industry to replace the steam engine by the electric one, since it was in Manchester a culture of the technique of the accuracy and precision in which Joule was immersed, which allowed us to initially identify the styles of techniques thinking and experimental efficiency. However, Joule could not replace the steam engine by the electric; and the awareness of the problems faced by him, in the attempt to make such a substitution, led him to seek, through an intercollective circulation of ideas and practices, such as the studies of Faraday and Jacobi, a change of direction in his researches. According to our analysis, what happened was a change of style from a technical to a scientific thinking. In this sense, Joule began to investigate issues of a scientific nature, as the Joule’s effect and the mechanical equivalent of heat, which contributed significantly to the establishment of the principle of conservation of energy. We present here the contributions of this epistemological analysis to the discussion of questions of the nature of science in the basic education and for the training of physics teachers.

Enquadramentos midiáticos e sua influência sobre a consolidação de direitos de crianças e adolescentes

This article brings a contribution to the comprehension of the path of recognizing the rights of children and adolescents in Brazil, in which there have been seen symbolic representations that often are created, modified or popularized by the media. Newspapers with the largest circulation in the state of São Paulo in a period after almost 20 year of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA) coming into force were investigated with framing analysis. Results suggest that the ECA faces obstacles to its consolidation, in the form of superficial and fragmented media coverage of events that should be contextualized in relation to public policies and their specific understanding of causes and possible solutions applicable.

Statistical detection of spurious variations in daily raingauge data caused by changes in observation practices, as applied to records from various parts of the world

In the instrumental records of daily precipitation, we often encounter one or more periods in which values below some threshold were not registered. Such periods, besides lacking small values, also have a large number of dry days. Their cumulative distribution function is shifted to the right in relation to that for other portions of the record having more reliable observations. Such problems are examined in this work, based mostly on the two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test, where the portion of the series with more number of dry days is compared with the portion with less number of dry days. Another relatively common problem in daily rainfall data is the prevalence of integers either throughout the period of record or in some part of it, likely resulting from truncation during data compilation prior to archiving or by coarse rounding of daily readings by observers. This problem is identified by simple calculation of the proportion of integers in the series, taking the expected proportion as 10%. The above two procedures were applied to the daily rainfall data sets from the European Climate Assessment (ECA), Southeast Asian Climate Assessment (SACA), and Brazilian Water Resources Agency (BRA). Taking the statistic D of the KS test >0.15 and the corresponding p-value <0.001 as the condition to classify a given series as suspicious, the proportions of the ECA, SACA, and BRA series falling into this category are, respectively, 34.5%, 54.3%, and 62.5%. With relation to coarse rounding problem, the proportions of series exceeding twice the 10% reference level are 3%, 60%, and 43% for the ECA, SACA, and BRA data sets, respectively. A simple way to visualize the two problems addressed here is by plotting the time series of daily rainfall for a limited range, for instance, 0–10 mm day−1.

Nação crioula: estudo sobre a releitura da personagem Fradique Mendes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)