1000 resultados para Det nationella provet


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Heart failure is an illness that requires life-long treatment and often affects everyday aspects of a person’s life. Self-care is a significant part of the treatment. Good self-care resources make it possible for people with heart failure to make the lifestyle changes they often need to maintain or improve their level of health. Self-care means having knowledge of and being able to recognize the symptoms and signs of deterioration that can occur with heart failure, so that the person can take appropriate measures – and it also means knowing when it is time to seek professional help. The significance of self-care for heart failure has increased and will increase even more in the future, when monitoring one’s condition will be left more and more to the people themselves and those who take care of them. The object of the study was to learn what self-care measures people with heart failure say they apply in everyday life. The quantitative method of a questionnaire study (The European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale) was used. Of the 94 people registered at a heart failure unit who were asked to complete the questionnaire, 58 of them consented. The results showed that more than 95% of the people with heart failure applied the recommended self-care measure of taking the medicines prescribed by their doctor. Many also applied the self-care measures of taking a rest during the day (83%) and taking it easy when they felt out of breath (78%). On the other hand, the self-care measures of daily weight control were applied only by 41%, daily exercise by only 48% and salt and fluid restrictions by only 59%. The self-care measures of contacting a doctor/nurse when noticing problems or symptoms of deterioration were applied by only 36% of those who felt out of breath and by only 43% of those who felt increased fatigue. The conclusion is that there is a need to improve the knowledge about and confidence in self-care treatment for people with heart failure. One way of achieving this is to show that people with heart failure check for symptoms and apply measures in their homes as part of the treatment and that this leads to an increased quality of life.

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Syftet var att studera vilka kunskaper enhetschefer och personal inom äldreomsorgen har om äldre personer med en annan sexuell läggning än den rådande heteronormativa. Syftet var även att förstå hur heteronormativitet ser ut inom äldreomsorgen samt att undersöka om diskriminering sker. I studien har en kvalitativ metod i form av fallstudie använts. Intervjuer med sex enhetschefer på äldreboenden har genomförts. Som teoretisk tolkningsram har heteronormativitet samt diskriminering använts. I studien framkommer att ett heteronormativt synsätt gentemot äldre heterosexuella, bisexuella och transpersoner (HBT-personer) finns samt att strukturell diskriminering råder. Enhetscheferna i studien har inte några specifika kunskaper om HBT-personer, deras livsstil, levnadsvillkor eller eventuell problem. Intervjupersonernas kunskap baseras på egna erfarenheter av HBT-personer i den privata sfären. Vidare framkommer att enhetscheferna anser att samhället är öppet för personer med en annan sexuell läggning än den rådande heteronormativa och av den anledningen behövs ingen vidare kunskap. I och med den öppna attityden i samhället menar enhetscheferna också att deras personal gör ett bra arbete med alla personer som bor på äldreboendena.

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Uppsatsens syfte är att studera hur det filmiska tv-spelet The Last of Us (Naughty Dog, 2013) har designats för att framkalla emotionella responser med hjälp av en normalitetsmodell. Det går ut på att objektivt identifiera intensiva ögonblick som avbryter/förändrar ett normalitetsläge. Detta leder till fokus på tre huvudpunkter för att förstå helhetsdesignen: produktion av emotion i filmsekvenser, produktion av emotion i spelsekvenser och deras samspel. Spelsekvenser visar sig framkalla emotion när fiendekonfrontationer avbryter spelarens trygga utforskande och skapar spänning genom att utsätta spelare för risker under intensiva sammandrabbningar. Filmsekvenser i sin tur använder realistiskt animerade scener för att uppmärksamma ansiktens betydelse under emotionella scener, samt för att etablera protagonistens normalitetssträvanden och den emotionella risk den medför. Avslutningsvis utgör samspel mellan film- och spelsekvenser en balanserad tonöverföring mellan varandra genom att både överraska spelaren i övergångar och genom att förhålla spelarens beteende med protagonistens splittrade normalitetssträvanden.

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Syftet med min studie var att belysa och jämföra språkpolitiken i Sverige och Tyskland med särskilt fokus på styrdokument som gäller språkundervisning av nyanlända vuxna invandrare. Frågeställningarna som studien skulle besvara var följande: Vad är det som anges i den nationella lagstiftningen om den enskildes tillgång till språk både vad gäller modersmål och andra språk? Hur organiseras undervisningen i andraspråk för vuxna nyanlända i Sverige respektive Tyskland? Vilka likheter och skillnader finns mellan Tyskland och Sverige vad gäller organisation av andraspråksutbildning för nyanlända vuxna? Jag använde mig av en kvalitativ metod, där materialurvalet bestod av tyska och svenska lagtexter inom relevant område. Resultatet visade att Sveriges språklag garanterar den enskildes tillgång till språk både vad gäller modersmål och annat språk än modersmål. Tyskland saknar språklag, som tyder på att Tyskland inte känner behovet av att reglera det tyska språket i förhållande till andra språk. Tyska är ett starkt språk inom ett nationellt och internationellt sammanhang. Undervisningen för nyanlända vuxna invandrare förankras i Sverige och Tyskland genom lagstiftning, dock finns mer olikheter än likheter när man jämför paragrafernas innehåll. Medan Sverige påvisar pedagogiska drag i förordningen kring SFI samt obegränsat tillgänglighet utmärker sig den tyska integrationskursen genom språkideologi. Detta sker i form av språktest som förutsättning för tilldelning av medborgarskap samt begränsningar i rätten att delta.

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Denna skrift bygger på forskningsrapporten ”Samhällets utvecklings- och omställningsförmå- ga: Framgångsrik skolutveckling för lärares arbete med och elevers lärande i energi, resurs, klimat och hållbarhet” av Anders Jidesjö, Annika Björn, Johan Hedbrant, Sofia Kalliokoski, Maria Petersson och Thomas Tydén.

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Changing forms of intimacy among older people in late modern society The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to a neglected reality in Swedish social research: New romantic relationships in later life. Our theoretical points of departure are the transformation of intimacy and the transition from a culture of marriage to a culture of divorce. We ask if the transformation of intimacy has reached later life and investigate late life divorce, attitudes to and choice of union form in late life heterosexual relationships, relationship history and the importance of a relationship for life satisfaction. The results, which are based both on demographic data and a survey to 60–90 year old Swedes (n=1225), show that changing relationship patterns in late modern Sweden have reached older people. In romantic relationships initiated in later life LAT is the preferred union form, followed by cohabitation, while marriage is a rare choice. In some respects this makes older people an avant-garde in the investigation of alternative union forms. The results also show the importance of romantic relationships for life satisfaction in later life – independent of union form. Finally we criticize Swedish census data, which is based on civil status, for giving a somewhat distorted image of older people’s family and romantic lives.    

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Pedagogues in the borderland of their social task: dealing with family law proceedings, threats and violence Drawing upon an explorative study of family law proceedings from a school perspective, the aim of this paper is to examine the school staff’s strategies for solving or coping with problematic situations in this context. Gendered conflicts between adults and violence are extreme cases for pedagogues in school and preschool. How do the staff cope with their own and the children’s vulnerability? Based upon interviews with 22 informants, the staff’s strategies are outlined and discussed in relation to organizational and professional circumstances and intersecting social relations of power. An analytical construction of six types of proactive and reactive strategies, ranging from distance keeping to normalization of own exposure, is utilized in the analysis. Findings suggest that the staff’s strategies to handle challenging events in this context vary with the parent’s gender, class position and ethnicity. Further, it is argued that creating a sense of safety and promoting learning among the children may be obstructed by lack of support from the school’s organization, demands on staff to perform customer oriented attitudes towards parents and lack of clarity concerning the limits of the social task. Conflicts between the organization and profession on the one hand and the educational and the social task on the other hand, are thus illuminated. In conclusion, a further aim of this article is to contribute to broader discussions on men’s violence against women and children – in families as well as in workplaces and in the intersection between these two areas. 

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The aim of this qualitative study was to get a deeper understanding of social workers experience that children who participate in the Trappan-insatsen get a sense of coherence. To achieve an empirical material social workers who perform Trappan-samtal have been interviewed. The study shows that it is important that children get help and support to talk about the trauma they experienced. The support of the narrative, however, differ depending on the child's age, it is important to have a flexible approach as a Trappan-user. It appears that it is essential that parents give their consent to the children so they can talk about the violence. It also emerges that information to the children is an important part of understanding the process. The study shows that social workers feel that the children participating in the staircase mission get a sense of coherence.

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This essay attempts to examine the discourse of the Sweden democrats in relation to thevalue system of the Swedish national school.To analyse the political texts I use discourse analysis and especially the method and approachconducted by Judith Lee Bacchi. Bacchi focuses on the construction of a problem in variouspolitical discourses. When performing this kind of analysis the main question is (accordingto Bacchi): ”What is the problem represented to be?”I find that the Sweden democrats construct the ”migration politics” and the ”multiculturalpolitics” that is guiding the society as the cause of most problems in our society. To solvethe ”problems” they promote a nationalistic and a cultural racist discourse especiallypinpointing the ”Muslims” as being a problem.Since the Sweden democrats are striving to implement their discourse in the society andschool, and since their discourse already are reproduced by solar students in the classroom,I find it important to examine the essence of their particular discourse and contrast it withthe current value system of the Swedish schools.I don´t find the nationalistic and racist discourse of the Sweden democrats to correspond tothe value system of the Swedish school, mainly due to their strive to create alienation, andby labeling individuals in a reductive manner, instead of using apparent differences as asource for democratic discussions in the classroom

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Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv

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What is academic quality? On the decline of academic autonomy In light of the transformations that universities currently undergo, with Bologna as a keyword, the following questions are put: What ideals lie behind the assessment of academic “excellence” and “quality”? What agents have the ability to define what is good science and education today? These questions are approached through Pierre Bourdieus concept of field. Looking at the development the last decade, traditional academic values, such as the ideal of universal knowledge as (personal and collective) enrichment and the intellectual independence “of all political authority and economic power”, as stated in the Magna Charta Universitatum, seem to have emerged into the shadow of employability, knowledge control, competitiveness, and economic benefit. In connection with the formation of concepts such as “the knowledge society” and “knowledge based economies” the university has received a somewhat different and more central role in society. The university has come to take the role more of a knowledge producing enterprise clearly directed towards the surrounding society. There are higher demands on academic knowledge to contribute to economic, regional or national development and competitiveness. When the university is regarded as a knowledge company whose task is to accoun tfor the requests of the students, the labour market, and the business world it undertakes to follow trends and short term social phases rather than to critically examine them, which has been a traditional task for the university. If the academic work is guided by the market economical principle, that the client requests decide what quality is, instead of the experts on the academic field themselves (i.e. the scientists,) it is obviously not scientific ideals that constitute the criteria for what is good science and education.

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Denna rapport är en utvärdering av det arbetsmarknadspolitiska projektet "Volvo Cars och dess underleverantörer", som har genomförts av Arbetsförmedlingen i samarbete med Skolverket och Svenska ESF-rådet. Den 5 juni 2009 ansökte Sveriges regering om medel hos den Europeiska globaliseringsfonen (EGF)2 för att kunna erbjuda åtgärder för personer som blivit uppsagda från Volvo Cars AB och dess underleverantörer. Syftet med projektet var att kunna erbjuda de som blivit uppsagda kompetensutveckling, nya yrkeskunskaper och möjlighet att etablera egna företag. På operativ nivå drevs projektet i samverkan mellan Arbetsförmedlingen och den kom-munala yrkesvuxenutbildningen ("Yrkesvux"). Yrkesvux i Göteborgs kommun fick i upp-drag av Skolverket att samordna den del av verksamheten som berörde kommunal yr-kesvuxenutbildning. Projektet startade 1 januari 2010 och avslutades 31 maj 2011. Enligt kommissionens beslut fick medel även användas retroaktivt för insatser som hade givits till de uppsagda i form av olika arbetsmarknadsutbildningar, det s.k. snabbspåret, under 2009 innan projektet hade startat. Av nästan 5 000 individer i målgruppen som registrerade sig vid Arbetsförmedlingen del-tog knappt en fjärdedel i projektets insatser (exkl. vägledning). Av dessa gick 55 procent i aktiviteter enbart genom Arbetsförmedlingen, 37 procent enbart genom Yrkesvux och åtta procent genom både Arbetsförmedlingen och Yrkesvux. De vanligaste förekommande utbildningsinriktningarna var industri och bygg, fordonsindustri, transport och magasine-ring, omvårdnad och handel.