1000 resultados para Decisão gerencial


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A Tecnologia de Informação tem sido considerada como um dos componentes mais importantes do ambiente empresarial atual, sendo que as organizações brasileiras têm utilizado ampla e intensamente esta tecnologia, tanto em nível estratégico como operacional. Este nível de utilização oferece grandes oportunidades para as empresas que têm sucesso no aproveitamento dos benefícios oferecidos por este uso. Ao mesmo tempo, ele também oferece desafios para a administração deste recurso do qual as empresas passam a ter grande dependência e que apresenta particularidades de gerenciamento. Neste cenário complexo, outro desafio é identificar o nível de contribuição que esta tecnologia oferece aos resultados das empresas. Por fim, as atitudes dos executivos de negócio e de Tecnologia de Informação interferem de forma significativa na administração desta tecnologia. Este projeto tem como objetivo principal identificar os benefícios efetivos da utilização de Tecnologia de Informação, os desafios de sua administração, o desempenho das empresas que utilizam intensamente esta tecnologia e as atitudes dos principais executivos neste ambiente, bem como a relação que existe entre estas dimensões. O foco do projeto será os principais executivos de negócio e de tecnologia. A sua contribuição é aprofundar o conhecimento da administração de Tecnologia de Informação, nas dimensões de utilização, administração e contribuição, além das atitudes dos executivos, bem como a relação entre elas, permitindo criar uma estrutura de análise da situação desta tecnologia nas empresas que ofereça subsídios para a sua administração bem sucedida.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O objetivo geral do presente estudo é conhecer os indicadores disponíveis bem como a utilização dos mesmos nas atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento dos hospitais públicos estaduais da Região Metropolitana da Grande São Paulo RMGSP. A partir de revisão bibliográfica e consulta a documentos técnicos sobre experiências no uso de indicadores para a gestão hospitalar, foram identificados os indicadores mais adequados às atividades da administração superior de Hospitais. Por meio de levantamento dos dados existentes na Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os gestores dos hospitais e com profissionais que atuam na área de informações, foram identificados os indicadores hospitalares disponíveis, e analisado o uso dos mesmos para a tomada de decisão, em nível gerencial. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que os hospitais públicos estaduais produzem um considerável volume de informações, embora com lacunas importantes, e que muitos gestores desconhecem a existência de tais informações ou não as utilizem adequadamente para a formulação das diretrizes e a gestão dos hospitais.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O traçado de obras com características lineares num espaço geográfico tem, em princípio, um número muito grande de soluções. A seleção de traçados mais convenientes é hoje abordada pela Pesquisa Operacional por meio da Programação Dinâmica tradicional e das técnicas para resolver o problema conhecido como leastcost- path, (caminho de mínimo custo). Por sua vez, o planejamento de espaços geográficos é feito com o auxílio de técnicas de SIG (sistemas de informação geográfica). O estudo algorítmico dos caminhos de mínimo custo não é novidade e até os programas comerciais para SIG mais utilizados têm incorporado comandos que, com certas limitações, resolvem esse problema. Mas, seja qual for a abordagem, sempre é preciso conhecer a priori a funçãoobjetivo (FO), e isto não é tarefa fácil, pois devem ser conjugados objetivos de satisfação de necessidades sociais, políticas, ambientais e econômicas, o que gera um verdadeiro problema de otimização multiobjetivo e multicritério. Este trabalho teve como foco principal elaborar um modelo de decisão para ajudar na formulação da FO, adotando o paradigma multiobjetivo/multicritério, explorando inclusive o relaxamento difuso de pareceres dos decisores. Foram utilizadas apenas ferramentas computacionais (software e hardware) simples, de ampla difusão entre os engenheiros e de baixo custo, como a planilha de cálculo Excel e o programa Idrisi 32, procurando explorar suas aptidões e limitações, sem recorrer à elaboração e/ou utilização de códigos computacionais próprios, sobre os quais muitas pessoas sentem receios até não serem testados suficientemente. Foi obtido um sistema de apoio à decisão eficaz e de fácil utilização e sua possibilidade de aplicação foi testada na definição do traçado ótimo de parte da defesa norte da cidade de Resistencia (Argentina).

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this thesis, the basic research of Chase and Simon (1973) is questioned, and we seek new results by analyzing the errors of experts and beginners chess players in experiments to reproduce chess positions. Chess players with different levels of expertise participated in the study. The results were analyzed by a Brazilian grandmaster, and quantitative analysis was performed with the use of statistical methods data mining. The results challenge significantly, the current theories of expertise, memory and decision making in this area, because the present theory predicts piece on square encoding, in which players can recognize the strategic situation reproducing it faithfully, but commit several errors that the theory can¿t explain. The current theory can¿t fully explain the encoding used by players to register a board. The errors of intermediary players preserved fragments of the strategic situation, although they have committed a series of errors in the reconstruction of the positions. The encoding of chunks therefore includes more information than that predicted by current theories. Currently, research on perception, trial and decision is heavily concentrated on the idea of pattern recognition". Based on the results of this research, we explore a change of perspective. The idea of "pattern recognition" presupposes that the processing of relevant information is on "patterns" (or data) that exist independently of any interpretation. We propose that the theory suggests the vision of decision-making via the recognition of experience.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The major purpose of this thesis is to verify, from a Brazilian perspective, how global and contextual issues influence the management learning in Multinationals. The management learning derived from the interaction of holding and sidiaries/colligates of Multinational corporation is supposed to be subject to convergent and divergent forces, the former related to global and standardized organizational practices, and the latter, is seen as a social practice subject to cultural and organizational singularities. A model was constructed to relate the dichotomy between the universality of the management practices and technologies and the particularity of the contexts where they operate, to the dichotomy between the singularities in organization and national level. This model is composed of the international, global, managerial and inter-organizational dimensions related, respectively, to the cultural and political diversity; to the universal forces of practices and values; to the managerial capabilities and resources in the organization, consolidated as best practices and to the interaction between holding and subsidiaries and the resulted learning. The combined result of these dimensions influences the knowledge flow and the learning derived from it. The field research was constituted of five cases of internationalized Brazilian firms, with a solid experience in their management systems. The main subjects of this study were executives and ofessionals/managers who respond to the management development. The data were first collected in the headquarters and complemented with visits to subsidiaries/joint ventures in other countries, in loco or with expatriated people who return to Brazil. The central supposition was validated. So, the management learning ¿ is driven by the global capitalism practices and by the global culture where they are immersed, reproducing a hegemonic vision and a common language (global dimension); ¿ incorporates the more propagated and dominant managerial values, although there are some variations when they are applied in the subsidiaries/joint ventures; is the product of the assimilation of international recognized and planned managerial practices, with the acculturation power, although not completely; is the result mainly of the managerial practice in work; is impacted not only by cross-cultural and managerial factors, but also by the business environment of the firm; is given according to the capabilities and resources in the organization, guiding the form of assimilation of practices and technologies, with global application or not (managerial dimension); ¿ is affected by the cross-cultural diversity involving the countries of the holding and the subsidiaries/joint ventures where the firm is and is given as a reproduction of the political context of the holding and subsidiaries countries (international dimension); ¿ faces aligned concurrent institutional pressures between corporate or global systems, practices of other subsidiaries/joint ventures and local practices; is more difficult to reach when there is not permeability between organizational cultures and identities of a Multinational firm; is affected by how much the relationship process across these unities is self-referenced; is facilitated by the construction and improvement of the knowledge network (interorganizational dimension). Finally some contributions of this study are exposed, including extensions of the proposed model and suggestions, recommendations for future research.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In the last decades of the 21st century, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become one of the most widely debated issues in business management, concerning researchers, politicians, managers and society at large. With multilateral implications in economic and social life, CSR refers, essentially, to the discussion about the boundaries of business intervention in society and the ethical limits that should regulate that intervention. It questions the impact of business practices in social well-being, the role left for corporations and for the State in attending to community needs, and which are, at last, the responsibilities that tie enterprises to society. In this research, CSR is approached from the perspective of its ethical foundations, based on the moral reasoning of the business manager, as a key organizational leader with relevant decision power. Specifically, the research aims to understand how the personal human value system and the ethical orientation of managers influence their attitude towards CSR, considering this attitude as an indicator of managerial behavior that translates into corporate performance. Theoretically, CSR concept is discussed and presented as a set of social commitments, based on a strict interpretation of its meaning. As to human values, its philosophical roots are briefly analyzed and Schwartz modern motivational theory is addressed as main reference for studying the personal value system of managers in this research. Concerning ethics, based on classical theory from moral philosophy, references are seek in John Stuart Mill¿s utilitarianism, Immanuel Kant¿s deontological absolutism, John Rawls¿s theory of justice and the ethics of virtue inspired by Aristotle¿s moral thoughts. Based on an extended literature review, research hypothesis are proposed as part of a theoretical model of analysis named Individual Attitude Towards Social Responsibility Model. In order to test the theory¿s empirical validity, it was conducted a field study with 252 Brazilian managers, mainly from the metropolitan areas of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Results show that managerial attitude aligned with CSR principles is favored by conservative personal values, protectors of stability and centered on collective will, and by an ethical orientation based on egalitarianism as postulated by distributive justice principles. However, results also show that the influence of values and personal ethics on managerial attitude towards CSR only occur in managers younger than 30 years old. Findings and their meanings are discussed, as well as summarized in the Axiological and Ethical Determinants of Managers¿ Social Commitment Model. Finally, methodological limitations are evaluated and clues for further research are suggested.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The National Water Management Policy was defined by Law 9.433/97 (Water Act), establishing the hydrographic basin as the management unity, independently of geographic limits and respective federal organisms. Nevertheless, water management entities and instruments are directly associated to different federal entities located within the same basin, and depend on them for being effective. The absence of law mechanisms that conciliate the various requisitions of federal organisms located in the same basin is a challenge still without brazilian law support. This study describes the integration process of information systems in Paraíba do Sul river basin. It also emphasizes integration restrictions of these systems, the cooperation level and the instruments used by the various actors and federal organisms in order to meet National Water Management Policy objectives. The management instrument Water Management Information System is presented as an important component that helps the stakeholders decision making process involved in water management, respecting federalism and the water domains defined in the brazilian constitution, and according to the policy established in the Water Act. In theoretical aspects, this work presents the basic concepts of National Water Management Policy institutional arrangement, considering the network aspects in public policy, the limits imposed by federalism and the way that the water domains is defined in the brazilian constitution and according to the brazilian Water Act. Besides, it identifies the most significant questions related with information systems implementation in public administration and water management. It also illustrates how cooperative federalism and information systems may create conditions that do guarantee the National Water Management Policy management instruments operationality within a hydrographic basin. The action research method was used to develop the research and the selected entity was the Fundação Superintendência Estadual de Rios e Lagoas (Serla). Serla was the water management entity in Rio de Janeiro state, at the research beginning. Others methods as bibliographic and documentary research were also used, aiming to describe the hydrographic basin, as well as the processes and systems concerned with the implementation of the National Water Management Policy in Paraíba do Sul basin.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O ESTUDO OBJETIVOU VERIFICAR OS IMPACTOS DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE O PROCESSO DECISÓRIO ESTRATÉGICO DO SERPRO - SERVIÇO FEDERAL DE PROCESSAMENTO DE DADOS. CONSIDERA-SE QUE AS ENTREVISTAS REALIZADAS COM A DIRETORIA, BEM COMO OS RESULTADOS DA PESQUISA APLICADA AOS SUPERINTENDENTES E COORDENADORES DA UNIDADE DE PROCESSOS CORPORATIVOS DA REFERIDA EMPRESA, SE CONSTITUIREM NOS SUPORTES DE ARGUMENTAÇÃO DESTE TRABALHO. FORAM TAMBÉM ANALISADOS OS DOCUMENTOS OFICIAIS DA ORGANIZAÇÃO E REALIZADAS ENTREVISTAS COM ANTIGOS ADMINISTRADORES. OS RESULTADOS MOSTRAM QUE OS MAIORES IMPACTOS DA IMPLANTAÇÃO NA ORGANIZAÇÃO FORAM O DESVELAMENTO DO PROCESSO DECISÓRIO ESTRATÉGICO, A AGILIZAÇÃO DESSAS DECISÕES ESTRATÉGICAS E UMA POTENCIALIZAÇÃO DO USO DOS DIVERSOS SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÕES POR PARTE DE TODOS OS USUÁRIOS DO SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO PARA O PROCESSO DECISÓRIO.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

It is difficult to be precise as to the history of auditing. Everyone who has the responsibility to verify the legitimacy of economic-financial data and answer to one¿s superior may be considered to be an auditor. Verbal audit reports were used during the time of the Roman Empire. In the current world, public administration applies advanced auditing techniques. Brazil is going through a complex process of change in regard to breaking away from the present bureaucratic administrative model toward the management administrative model. Consequently, the procedures of Brazil¿s Audit Courts are adapting to a new administrative paradigm outlined in this study. Operational audits were analyzed beginning with the theoretical basis and presuppositions in the defined context and compared with the traditional audit model, identifying possible contributions to the management administrative model. This qualitative research seeks to explore such contributions beginning with a critical reading of the research of six operational type audits made in the Federal area by the Audit Court, but does not intend to be strictly classified as a theoretical-critical basis to the extent and depth that a study of this type requires, nevertheless, it intends to approach this position. The results obtained of the systematic reading and criticism of the implemented procedures and the filed final reports of the six examples studied demonstrated that they are a model of operational audits with emphasis on the actions of public administrators ¿ evaluating the aspects of competence, productivity and effectiveness of the public administration ¿ not just to be adequate, but essential to the operation of management administration. The final considerations highlight the basic presupposition of management administration, that is, the accountability of public management based on the results of its management obtained with the use of operational audit techniques, seeking the expected rigor of public management in benefit of society.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi estudar os impactos nos processos decisórios da Petrobras causados pelo uso mais acentuado da automação e da informatização nos sistemas produtivos da empresa. Para isso, foi feito um levantamento da trajetória destas duas tecnologias e da teoria da decisão e seu uso na Petrobras. Além disso, realizamos uma análise histórica dos modos de produção utilizados durante este século dentro da perspectiva da Teoria da Regulação Francesa. Foram verificados também, os controles externos exercidos sobre as estatais e as possíveis políticas públicas envolvidas com a questão da modernização da gestão destas empresas, focando o caso da Petrobras. Por fim, utilizamos a pesquisa de campo para levantar as percepções dos empregados da Petrobras quanto aos impactos das duas tecnologias nos processos decisórios. Usamos as contribuições conceituais dos quatro paradigmas das ciência ssociais definidos por Burrel & Morgan para a interpretação dos resultados encontrados.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This study has the purpose to analyze some of the programs and measures adopted by the Brazilian Army, as well as eventual contributions, for the modernization of its Logistics. Thus, focus one of the main devices of logistic support of the Forces, the Quartermaster, approaching some roles performed by this Service that comprises the current conception of the Army Logistics. This modernization process is mainly developed through a excellence program implemented for the whole Army aiming, amongst other factors, the adoption of managerial practices leading to a better operational performance and to the improvement of the Institution' services and products quality: the Managerial Excellence Program of the Brazilian Army (PEG-EB). Here, the Logistics is deemed as key part for the organizational success and one of the main factors of competitive differential of companies, directly related to costs reduction and increase in the level of services provided for the customers. For the Army, the improvement and update of logistic doctrine emerge as priority for achieving the goals, especially focusing the need to integrated the logistics activities, in order to optimize the resources available, reduce costs and prioritize its actions. While searching for an integrated approach for its logistics, the Army created a central body with the responsibility to coordinate all the supply chain of its Units: the Logistic Department (D Log). This body centrally coordinates a major segment of logistics functions in the Forces. The conclusion states that the development of this mentality about the internal integration of activities will allow a rationalization of the management process, increasing the indexes of availability of material from military organizations, and consequently a serviceability gain for the Brazilian Army.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

With the redefinition of the constitutional paper of the State, the federal Government developed through the Ministry of the Federal Administration and of the Reform of the State a ¿Director Plan of the Reform of the State Apparatus¿. Having as main objective the retaking of the capacity of management of the State, this Managing Plan proposes the introduction of the methodologies of modernization of the public administration and the revision in the ways of property of the State. As a complement to this Plan the Program of Quality and Participation in the Public Administration ¿ QPAP ¿ was developed. This Program proposes the accomplishment of some strategic projects. Among those projects it stands out the one of Restructuring and Quality in the Federal Executive Power, which defines as one of the work stages, the dissemination of the strategic planning in all the entities of the public administration. The strategic planning is considered nowadays only one of the stages of the strategic administration and it is fundamental that all elements of sistematization and analysis in all the phases of the administration of an organization are knomn. This dissertation tries to show that the dissemination of the strategic planning in the public institutions, especially in the IBGE, it is opportune and coherent, but that it will also be necessary to do an analysis of all the limitations and challenges that the leaders will face so that the strategic restructuring is implemented with the effective participation and all the employees commitment.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A presente pesquisa objetivou identificar as características das informações contábeis e a sua utilização para tomada de decisão organizacional de pequenas empresas, a partir das opiniões de contadores e proprietários de pequenas empresas. Constituiu-se em uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório e qualitativo, utilizando como abordagem metodológica entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Foram entrevistados 5 contadores responsáveis por empresas de serviços contábeis, estabelecidas nas cidades de Lajeado e Arroio do Meio, no Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul. Esses contadores indicaram 3 empresas clientes, levando em consideração o porte, com base no critério de faturamento. Nessas empresas clientes, foram entrevistados os respectivos empresários (proprietários), totalizando 15 empresários, além dos 5 contadores entrevistados. Com base no estudo, observou-se que os empresários vinculam a Contabilidade ao excesso de fiscalismo e à arrecadação de impostos. Isso decorre do fato de que muitos contadores, especialmente aqueles que têm escritórios de contabilidade e prestam serviços para as pequenas empresas, se especializam em aspectos fiscais, fornecendo dessa forma, informações aos seus clientes relativas a essa área. Portanto, dado o aspecto legal e fiscal das informações que os contadores fornecem aos empresários, esses não as têm utilizado, na maioria das vezes, para a tomada de decisão. Entretanto, o empresário, na maioria dos casos, não possui os conhecimentos contábeis suficientes e, por vezes, não consegue sequer avaliar a sua importância Por isso, caberia ao contador estreitar uma aproximação, participar e conhecer mais a vida empresarial de seus clientes e demonstrar com convicção a relevância da Contabilidade para uma adequada gestão empresarial. Além disso, para que as informações contábeis, não apenas as de caráter legal, fiscal e burocrático, tenham relevância para a gestão das pequenas empresas, sendo utilizadas para a tomada de decisão, devem elas respeitar as especificidades das pequenas empresas, serem apresentadas de forma simples e, principalmente, contextualizadas, para possibilitar a compreensão por parte dos empresários. Assim, a partir das opiniões de contadores e proprietários de pequenas empresas, e os resultados do estudo, temse que as características das informações contábeis para torná-las mais úteis aos proprietários das pequenas empresas devem estar pautadas na transparência, evidenciação, confiabilidade, relevância, direção (orientação), simplicidade e objetividade.