Beyond the Margins: Analyzing Social Exclusion with a Homeless Client Dataset

A great share of literature on social exclusion has been based mainly on the analysis of official survey data. Whereas these efforts have provided insights into the characteristics and conditions of those people living at the margins of mainstream social relations, they have however failed to encompass those who live beyond these very margins. Meanwhile, research on these hidden subpopulations, such as homeless and other vulnerable groups, remains generally less abundant and is significantly detached from the theoretical core of the debate on social exclusion. The concern about these shortcomings lies at the heart of our research. We seek to bring some light to the area by using data made available by an organization that provides services to people experiencing homelessness in Barcelona (Spain). The data sample contains clients in early stages of exclusion and others in chronic situations. Thus, we attempt to identify some of the variables that operate in preventing the "chronification" of those individuals in situation of social exclusion. Our findings suggest that certain variables such as educational level, income and housing type, which are considered to be central predictors in the analysis of poverty, behave differently when analyzing differences between stages of social exclusion. Although these results cannot be extrapolated to the whole Spanish or European reality, they could provide useful insight for future investigations on this topic.

Gain of chromosome 3q defines the transition from severe dysplasia to invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

We have chosen tumors of the uterine cervix as a model system to identify chromosomal aberrations that occur during carcinogenesis. A phenotype/genotype correlation was established in defined regions of archived, formalin-fixed, and hematoxylin/eosin-stained tissue sections that were dissected from normal cervical epithelium (n = 3), from mild (n = 4), moderate (n = 6), and severe dysplasias/carcinomas in situ (CIS) (n = 13), and from invasive carcinomas (n = 10) and investigated by comparative genomic hybridization. The same tissues were analyzed for DNA ploidy, proliferative activity, and the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences. The results show that an increase in proliferative activity and tetraploidization had occurred already in mildly dysplastic lesions. No recurrent chromosomal aberrations were observed in DNA extracted from normal epithelium or from mild and moderate dysplasias, indicating that the tetraploidization precedes the loss or gain of specific chromosomes. A gain of chromosome 3q became visible in one of the severe dysplasias/CIS. Notably, chromosome 3q was overrepresented in 90% of the carcinomas and was also found to have undergone a high-level copy-number increase (amplification). We therefore conclude that the gain of chromosome 3q that occurs in HPV16-infected, aneuploid cells represents a pivotal genetic aberration at the transition from severe dysplasia/CIS to invasive cervical carcinoma.

Annuaire statistique de la ville de Paris.

At head of title,1880-19 : République française ... Préfecture de la Seine (varies) Direction de l'hygiène, du travail et de la prévoyance sociale (varies) Service de la statistique municipale; 1927-28-- République française ... Préfecture de la Seine. Direction de l'hygiène, du travail et de la statistique municipale; Préfecture de la Seine. Direction du cabinet du préfet. Statistique départementale et communale; Préfecture de la Seine. Direction du cabinet du préfet (varies slightly)

Annuaire Statistique de la Ville de Paris

Successively issued by: Service de la Statistique Municipale; Service du Travail et de la Statistique Municipale; Bureau de la Statistique Départementale et Communale; Direction du Cabinet du Préfet

4-7-19, stade Pershing, [Lawrence] Shields, Américain, à l'arrivée de la course de relais de 3000 m [des Jeux interalliés, le n°835 William C. Gray, membre du relais américain, lève le poing en signe de victoire] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54716

4-7-19, stade Pershing, arrivée du marathon [modifié des Jeux interalliés, Jean Vermeulen coupe la ligne d'arrivée, le n°971 Armando Pagliani et le n°1280 Alphonse Van Hoey sont distancés] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54715

4-7-19, stade Pershing, départ du marathon [modifié des Jeux interalliés, en tête n°1103 Auguste Broos et n°973 Carlo Speroni suivi par Fred Faller, puis n°846 Clyde Stout, à sa droite Jean Vermeulen, n°730 J. H. Massey, n°1189 Thomas Sinton Hewitt, n°971 Armando Pagliani, n°1280 Alphonse Van Hoey, n°972 Antenore Negri, n°1274 Jules Holsbeeke] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54713

[Earl William] Eby, Américain, 2ème, [Daniel Leslie] Mason, Nouvelle-Zélande, 1er du 800 [mètres des Jeux interalliés, stade Pershing, le 4 juillet 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54702

Parc des Princes, 9/11/19, rugby, équipe du Stade Français [qui a battu l'équipe de Nantes] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56859

Parc des princes, 25-1-20, équipe [de rugby] du Stade [français] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57761

M. [Louis] Dausset, président du Conseil général de la Seine : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57210

M. [Alexandre] Millerand [député de la Seine, dans la cour d'honneur du Sénat] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57609