Autorregulando e autodeterminando: duas formas de alunos de pós-graduação aprenderem a aprender contabilidade

O uso assertivo e eficiente das estratégias de aprendizagem depende, muitas vezes, da compreensão e consideração de aspectos psicológicos e motivacionais. O adequado emprego de estratégias de aprendizagem se reflete no desempenho acadêmico, no domínio de construtos e modelos e no amadurecimento crítico e científico. A presente tese defende que há uma relação entre as estratégias de aprendizagem autorregulada e as estratégias de aprendizagem autodeterminada predominantes em alunos de mestrado e doutorado em Contabilidade. O estudo se justifica, porquanto, porque além de inaugurar uma linha de pesquisa ainda inédita no contexto da Contabilidade Humana, seus resultados destacam um original entendimento da relação da aprendizagem com a regulação e a motivação pessoal. Tem como objetivo principal apresentar diagnóstico, dimensões e correlações das estratégias de aprendizagem autorregulada e aprendizagem autodeterminada de alunos de programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Contabilidade no Brasil. Participaram do survey 516 respondentes, sendo 383 mestrandos e 133 doutorandos. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos psicométricos: Self-Regulated Learning Strategies (SRLS) e Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). O modelo operacional de pesquisa delineou a formulação de oito hipóteses, sendo que a primeira delas sustenta a defesa da tese, enquanto as demais defendem a influência das variáveis idade, gênero, tipo de curso, estágio no curso, tipo de instituição de graduação, nota do curso atribuída pela Capes e graus de instrução dos pais nos níveis de Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) e Self-Determination Theory (SDT). A partir da análise multivariada dos dados, os resultados corroboraram a tese e a influência do gênero no nível de SRL. A metaconclusão desta tese ratifica os estudos referenciados, confirmando que a aprendizagem pode ser dominada e controlada pelo indivíduo, ao se adotar estratégias individuais de regulação e motivação. Uma importante contribuição desta pesquisa consiste em oferecer conclusões empíricas que podem ajudar docentes, discentes, pesquisadores, instituições de ensino e programas de pós-graduação a compreender mais sistematicamente os aspectos da aprendizagem autorregulada e da aprendizagem autodeterminada que caracterizam o aluno de Contabilidade. Limitações importantes deste estudo podem ser vistas como oportunidades para pesquisas futuras: a amostra envolve um público específico, a pesquisa survey pode apresentar vieses de método comum e a baixa participação de alunos de mestrado profissional. Estudos futuros poderão adotar outras estratégias metodológicas e/ou envolver amostras mais diversificadas ou em maior lastro temporal

A Meta-Analytic Review of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Symptom Reduction: A Critique and Guide for Future Investigation.

Over the past decade, mindfulness practices have been used with increasing frequency as therapeutic components within cognitive behavioral treatment regimens. As is standard practice, prescriptive uses of mindfulness intervention are incorporated to improve end-state functioning by ameliorating problematic symptoms and conditions. Common change-targets include the control of cognitive and emotional content for purposes of enhancing psychological self-regulation and physical well-being. The term mindfulness applies to a heterogeneous range of practices, methods, and techniques. While there is no singular agreed upon definition for mindfulness, as a process concept, the term connotes an immediate, non-thetic access to events, wherein each occasioning event is experienced in toto within the broader contextual event-field, and distinct from intervening conceptual themes being noticed. Training in mindfulness practices may be conducted using individual, group, or small class formats. The current paper provides a meta-analytic review of 44 treatment outcome studies (extracted 1982 through 2006), which examines the clinical utility of mindfulness as the primary therapeutic approach. Results indicated that average effect sizes for mindfulness based interventions fell within the medium range for construct category variables examined (d = .56). These findings suggest that mindfulness training is a cost-effective treatment for a wide array of contemporary psychological problems and diagnoses, in addition to fostering positive psychology attributes such as quality and satisfaction with life. A critique of the research and recommendations for future research, including a need to examine the role of mindfulness as a tool for cultivating increased psychological acceptance and life satisfaction, is presented.

Perceived emotional intelligence, general intelligence and early professional success: predictive and incremental validity

Although the study of factors affecting career success has shown connections between biographical and other aspects related to ability, knowledge and personality, few studies have examined the relationship be-tween emotional intelligence and professional success at the initial career stage. When these studies were carried out, the results showed significant relationships between the dimensions of emotional intelligence (emotional self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness or social skills) and the level of professional competence. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence, measured by the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) questionnaire, general intelligence assessed by the Cattell factor "g" test, scale 3, and extrinsic indicators of career success, in a sample of 130 graduates at the beginning of their careers. Results from hierarchical regression analysis indicate that emotional intelligence makes a specific contribution to the prediction of salary, after controlling the general intelligence effect. The perceived emotional intelligence dimensions of TMMS repair, TMMS attention and sex show a higher correlation and make a greater contribution to professional success than general intelligence. The implications of these results for the development of socio-emotional skills among University graduates are discussed.

La reapertura de radiotelevisión valenciana. De la manipulación al servicio público

La próxima reapertura de la radiotelevisión valenciana, teniendo en cuenta el fracaso en la gestión de RTVV durante años, suscita interrogantes sobre cómo se está desarrollando el proceso de creación del nuevo ente público. Cuáles son las medidas que se están llevando a cabo para garantizar la independencia política de la nueva corporación y evitar los errores del pasado. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en comparar los mecanismos y herramientas con los que contaba RTVV y con los que se dotará al nuevo ente, ya que a priori marcarán la diferencia entre ambos. En este sentido, la investigación se fundamenta en el análisis de contenido de la legislación tanto de RTVV como de la futura Corporación Valenciana de Medios de Comunicación, teniendo como referencia el informe de expertos Bases per a la renovació de l’espai comunicatiu valencià i la restitució del servei públic de radiotelevisió. Finalmente, se ha podido concluir que algunas herramientas de autorregulación interna propuestas hoy, ya formaban parte de la antigua RTVV. Estos organismos no cumplieron su cometido debido a la politización de los mismos, que en definitiva fue la principal causa de su declive. No obstante, también existieron carencias en cuanto a regulación externa, y que en esta nueva etapa se están incluyendo para aumentar las garantías de independencia y cumplimiento deontológico profesional.

SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, COGNITIVE, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF ELECTRONIC SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

There has been very little research that has studied the capacities that can be fostered to mitigate the risk for involvement in electronic bullying or victimization and almost no research examining positive electronic behavior. The primary goal of this dissertation was to use the General Aggression Model and Anxious Apprehension Model of Trauma to explore the underlying cognitive, emotional, and self-regulation processes that are related to electronic bullying, victimization, and prosocial behavior. In Study 1, we explored several potential interpretations of the General Aggression Model that would accurately describe the relationship that electronic self-conscious appraisal, cognitive reappraisal, and activational control may have with electronic bullying and victimization. In Study 2, we used the Anxious Apprehension Model of Trauma to explore rejection cognitions as the mediator of the relationships among emotionality (emotionality, shame, state emotion responses, and physiological arousal) and electronic bullying and victimization using structural equation modelling. In addition, we explored the role of rejection cognitions in mediating the relationship of moral disengagement with electronic bullying. In Study 3, we examined predictors of electronic prosocial behavior, such as bullying, victimization, time online, electronic proficiency, electronic self-conscious appraisals, emotionality, and self-regulation. All three studies supported the General Aggression Model as a framework to guide the study of electronic behavior, and suggest the importance of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral means of regulation in shaping electronic behavior. In addition, each study has implications for the development of high quality electronic bullying prevention and intervention research.

An Investigation of the Features and Effectiveness of the Full-Day Early Learning Kindergarten Program in Ontario

This dissertation includes two studies. Study 1 is a qualitative case study that describes enactment of the main components of a high fidelity Full-Day Early Learning Kindergarten (FDELK) classroom, specifically play-based learning and teacher-ECE collaboration. Study 2 is a quantitative analysis that investigates how effectively the FDELK program promotes school readiness skills, namely self-regulation, literacy, and numeracy, in Kindergarteners. To describe the main components of an FDELK classroom in Study 1, a sub-sample of four high fidelity case study schools were selected from a larger case study sample. Interview data from these schools’ administrators, educators, parents, and community stakeholders were used to describe how the main components of the FDELK program enabled educators to meet the individual needs of students and promote students’ SR development. In Study 2, hierarchical regression analyses of 32,207 students’ self-regulation, literacy, and numeracy outcomes using 2012 Ontario Early Development Instrument (EDI) data revealed essentially no benefit for students participating in the FDELK program when compared to peers in Half-Day or Alternate-Day Kindergarten programs. Being older and female predicted more positive SR and literacy outcomes. Age and gender accounted for limited variance in numeracy outcomes. Results from both studies suggest that the Ontario Ministry of Education should take steps to improve the quality of the FDELK program by incorporating evidence-based guidelines and goals for play, reducing Kindergarten class sizes to more effectively scaffold learning, and revising curriculum expectations to include a greater focus on SR, literacy, and numeracy skills.

Fundamental Rights of workers in the Digital Age: A methodological approach from a case study. WP C.S.D.L.E. "Massimo D'Antona" .INT - 89/2011

The relationship between employer and worker is not only obligatory but above all, as Sinzheimer said, a ‘relationship of power’. In the Digital Age this statement is confirmed by the massive introduction of ICT in most of the companies that increase, in practice, employer’s supervisory powers. This is a worrying issue for two reasons: on one hand, ICT emerge as a new way to weaken the effectiveness of fundamental rights and the right to dignity of workers; and, on the other hand, Spanish legal system does not offer appropriate solutions to ensure that efficacy. Moreover, in a scenario characterized by a hybridization of legal systems models –in which traditional hard law methods are combined with soft law and self regulation instruments–, the role of our case law has become very important in this issue. Nevertheless, despite the increase of judicialization undergone, solutions offered by Courts are so different that do not give enough legal certainty. Facing this situation, I suggest a methodological approach –using Alchourron and Bulygin’s normative systems theory and Alexy’s fundamental rights theory– which can open new spaces of decision to legal operators in order to solve properly these problems. This proposal can allow setting a policy that guarantees fundamental rights of workers, deepening their human freedom in companies from the Esping-Andersen’s de-commodification perspective. With this purpose, I examine electronic communications in the company as a case study.

Predicting Children’s Early School Outcomes from their Social-Regulatory Profiles: A Person-Centered Approach

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Investigation of psychological and neuropsychological factors associated with clinical outcome following a group rehabilitation programme

The present study investigated neuropsychological and psychological factors associated with successful treatment outcome following a group intervention for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). Participants were classified into two groups (Clinically Improved and Not Improved) based upon the findings of a previous study (Ownsworth, McFarland, & Young, 2000a). A discriminant analysis was used to predict group membership on three outcome measures (Awareness and Strategy Behaviour indices of the Self-Regulation Skills Interview and the Psychosocial Dimension of the Sickness Impact Profile) between pre-assessment and post-assessment, and between pre-assessment and 6 months follow-up. Neuropsychological factors involved measures of executive functioning and psychological factors were assessed using measures of personality-related denial and coping-related denial. Overall, the results indicated that individuals with impaired executive functioning were most likely to be classified as Clinically Improved on measures of awareness, strategy behaviour and psychosocial functioning. Individuals who deny or minimise their ABI symptoms were less likely to improve their psychosocial functioning following the group intervention. Future research needs to evaluate interventions for enhancing self-regulation skills and improving psychosocial functioning for individuals who employ denial as a main strategy for coping following ABI.

A metacognitive contextual intervention to enhance error awareness and functional outcome following traumatic brain injury: A single-case experimental design

Very few empirically validated interventions for improving metacognitive skills (i.e., self-awareness and self-regulation) and functional outcomes have been reported. This single-case experimental study presents JM, a 36-year-old man with a very severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who demonstrated long-term awareness deficits. Treatment at four years post-injury involved a metacognitive contextual intervention based on a conceptualization of neuro-cognitive, psychological, and socio-environmental factors contributing to his awareness deficits. The 16-week intervention targeted error awareness and self-correction in two real life settings: (a) cooking at home: and (b) volunteer work. Outcome measures included behavioral observation of error behavior and standardized awareness measures. Relative to baseline performance in the cooking setting, JM demonstrated a 44% reduction in error frequency and increased self-correction. Although no spontaneous generalization was evident in the volunteer work setting, specific training in this environment led to a 39% decrease in errors. JM later gained paid employment and received brief metacognitive training in his work environment. JM's global self-knowledge of deficits assessed by self-report was unchanged after the program. Overall, the study provides preliminary support for a metacognitive contextual approach to improve error awareness and functional Outcome in real life settings.

Down Syndrome Across the Life Span

Beyond the myths: representing people with Down syndrome / Jan Gothard -- Learning in young children with Down syndrome: public perceptions, empirical evidence / Jennifer G. Wishart -- Self-regulation in children and young people with Down syndrome / Sheila Glenn and Cliff Cunningham -- What matters most? A reflection on a quarter century of early childhood intervention / Robin Treloar and Susan Cairns -- Making inclusion work: improving educational outcomes for students with Down syndrome in the regular classroom / Loretta R. Giorcelli -- Cognitive development and education: perspectives on Down syndrome from a twenty-year research programme / Susan Buckley and Gillian Bird -- Broadening approaches to literacy education for young adults with Down syndrome / Christina E. van Kraayenoord ... [et al.] -- Numeracy and money management skills in young adults with Down syndrome / Sandra Bochner ... [et al.] -- Life styles of adults with Down syndrome living at home / Anne Jobling and Monica Cuskelly -- Some studies involving individuals with Down syndrome and their relevance to a quality of life model / Verity Bottroff ... [et al.] -- From autonomy to work placement / Anna Contardi -- An appreciative inquiry about adults with Down syndrome / Susanne Muirhead -- Multiple perspectives of family life / Monica Cuskelly ... [et al.] -- Verbal-motor behaviour in persons with Down syndrome / Brian K.V. Maraj ... [et al.].

FUSÃO E AQUISIÇÃO UMA ANÁLISE ATRAVÉS DO TESTE DE MÉDIA NO SETOR DE AGÊNCIAS DE PUBLICIDADE

A transição do século XX para o século XXI trouxe consigo uma série de mudanças, em especial às organizações, que vivenciaram evoluções de ordem tecnológica impactantes em sua estrutura administrativa e econômica. As agências de publicidade, apesar de terem um enfoque voltado ao aspecto criativo, não deixam de ser organizações, e assim como as demais também vivenciam este ciclo de mudanças, que aparenta ser ininterrupto. A importância do planejamento estratégico e financeiro e do atendimento integrado aos clientes proporcionou às agências novas perspectivas de funcionamento, e nelas enquadram-se as fusões/aquisições. Agências internacionais optaram por participar do mercado publicitário brasileiro através de fusões/aquisições; estas ocorreram com agências de bastante expressão no mercado internacional, mas também com agências menos conhecidas, mas que demonstraram a realização de bons trabalhos no setor. Através deste estudo realizou-se uma análise a respeito do mercado de fusões e aquisições de agências de publicidade, em especial, sob a perspectiva financeira. Através da base de dados lançada no Software SPSS foi aplicado o Teste T. Constatou-se que as agências de publicidade no Brasil entre 1999 a 2009 não apresentaram diferenças de média em relação ao faturamento, independente de terem passado ou não pelo processo de fusão/aquisição. Este crescimento pouco representativo demonstra que as fusões/aquisições tendem a ocorrer por diversos motivos e não se restringem exclusivamente ao aspecto financeiro, a perspectiva de bom atendimento ao cliente, visando o planejamento estratégico no âmbito publicitário, tende a ser um deles.

O Jingle publicitário e sua curva de importância no contexto da comunicação de mercado

O trabalho aborda o papel desempenhado pelo elemento musical, o Jingle, dentro da estrutura da peça publicitária comumente chamada de comercial . Para averiguar a premissa de que o Jingle perdeu importância expressiva pela chegada da Era dos Meios Digitais em relação às mensagens publicitárias veiculadas até o final do século XX pelo Rádio e pela Televisão, as técnicas metodológicas aplicadas foram a Análise de Conteúdo, com a proposta de mensurar e apontar a significativa diminuição no tempo médio destinado ao Jingle nas peças publicitárias na Era dos Meios Digitais e a Análise do Discurso, que possibilitou aferir o empobrecimento no uso dos recursos de linguagem na estruturação do discurso músico-literário do Jingle ao longo da primeira década do século XXI na publicidade brasileira. Após a avaliação dos parâmetros quantitativo e qualitativo da produção do Jingle na Era dos Meios Digitais, o trabalho conclui que houve, de fato, perda de espaço e importância e que o Jingle, que já ocupou o papel de protagonista, hoje é um coadjuvante dentro do processo comunicacional com o mercado.

ORÍGENES LESSA E A PROPAGANDA BRASILEIRA

A trajetória de vida do publicitário, jornalista, contista, novelista, romancista e ensaísta Orígenes Lessa é rica em experiência profissional e conhecimento intelectual na propaganda e na literatura. O objetivo central deste trabalho foi o de resgatar seu itinerário na propaganda, seus valores, as técnicas de publicidade por ele utilizadas, bem como suas contribuições para a evolução da propaganda brasileira. O publicitário, detentor também de ampla produção literária, foi o primeiro presidente da APP Associação dos Profissionais de Propaganda. Trabalhou em uma das primeiras agências de publicidade do Brasil, a Eclética. Começou a atuar em 1928 na multinacional General Motors, depois em agências estrangeiras, como a J.W. Thompson, e em meios de comunicação nacionais, consolidando uma carreira de 57 anos dedicados à publicidade. Adotamos o método de pesquisa histórica buscando os vínculos entre a trajetória pessoal e profissional de Orígenes Lessa e o desenvolvimento da publicidade. Privilegiamos o período das décadas de 20 e 30, época de ativa militância do publicitário na área. Destacamos sua percepção do trabalho do redator publicitário, seus valores, principais trabalhos e as repercussões dos mesmos na sociedade brasileira.(AU)